TW201341521A - 於經潤滑的介質中操作的摩擦部件 - Google Patents

於經潤滑的介質中操作的摩擦部件 Download PDF

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TW201341521A
TW201341521A TW101137462A TW101137462A TW201341521A TW 201341521 A TW201341521 A TW 201341521A TW 101137462 A TW101137462 A TW 101137462A TW 101137462 A TW101137462 A TW 101137462A TW 201341521 A TW201341521 A TW 201341521A
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克里斯多福 歐
菲力浦 莫林皮瑞爾
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M111/02—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/12—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M135/14—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond
    • C10M135/18—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond thiocarbamic type, e.g. containing the groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M103/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being an inorganic material
    • C10M103/06—Metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/72—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/061—Carbides; Hydrides; Nitrides
    • C10M2201/0613—Carbides; Hydrides; Nitrides used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
    • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
    • C10M2219/068—Thiocarbamate metal salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2080/00—Special pretreatment of the material to be lubricated, e.g. phosphatising or chromatising of a metal

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
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Abstract

本發明之經潤滑的介質包含摩擦改質劑。一種塗層係施於該部件。根據本發明，該塗層係為氮化鉻且該摩擦改質劑係為MoDTC，該氮化鉻係經選擇以具有帶1800+/-200HV的微硬度之NaCl型結晶態。

Description

於經潤滑的介質中操作的摩擦部件
本發明關於於經潤滑的介質中之磨擦學技術領域。
更明確地說，本發明關於於包含摩擦改質劑之經潤滑的介質中操作的摩擦部件(例如，汽車組件)。
熟於此藝之人士極精於使用薄塗層例如DLC來降低於經潤滑的介質中操作之機械組件的摩擦。
已知DLC塗層也能達成保護塗層以免磨耗的第二種功能。
此外，關於顯著降低摩擦係數之目的，已提出有關添加摩擦改質劑添加物的提議。有利的是該添加物係為MoDTC，其於熱摩擦接觸時，起化學反應而形成熟於此藝之人士所周知之例如MoS2的化合物以作為固態潤滑劑。
基於此先前技藝，似乎可獲得一些結合DLC和MoDTC的功效，如此得以由此二者的協同作用而得到的利益。
然而，在進行測試之後，證實其結合的結果並不令人滿意。特別是，已觀察到當MoDTC存在時，含氫的DLC塗層具有高磨耗率。當該DLC塗層沒經氫化時，磨耗效應較不明顯，但是，在此案例中，施敷該塗層需要更複雜且更昂貴的技術。
令人驚訝且乎意外的是，測試顯示於包含MoDTC摩 擦改質劑之經潤滑的介質中，從降低摩擦係數和保護所考量的部件對抗磨耗之觀點來看，以氮化鉻塗層代替該DLC塗層的事實特別能得到令人滿意的結果。
換句話說，不像用於經潤滑的介質中並包含MoDTC摩擦改質劑(具有明顯的磨耗作用)的DLC，氮化鉻不會引起上述效應。
因此，本發明在於結合氮化鉻和MoDTC的效應，如此可明顯降低摩擦係數，且對於硬度沒有任何不利效應。
此氮化鉻的選擇與熟於此藝之士的普遍認知背道而馳，熟於此藝之人士現在且幾乎僅使用DLC於不含代替氮化鉻的摩擦改質劑之經潤滑的介質中。
進行摩擦測試是為了評定所考慮的DLC塗層和氮化鉻塗層於包含MoDTC摩擦改質劑之經潤滑的介質中之行為，如同眾所周知的，在DLC塗層的案例中，為了強化其機械抗性，可沉積子層(sub-layer)例如氮化鉻。參照下表，其顯示在4種塗層(即DCX-0、DCX-1、DCX-2、DCX-3上進行測試)，DCX-3塗層係依據本發明。
所有層均包含由反應性磁控管濺鍍製備的氮化鉻塗層。關於所有塗層，先清潔鋼試片並接著置於放在真空沉積室中的支架上。當該沉積室正在被抽空並排氣時，將機械內側及待塗佈的部件加熱至150℃的溫度歷經2h，以使該等部件和該沉積機械脫氣。該等部件接著於氬氣氛中進行離子束蝕刻，其目的在於除去天然氧化物薄層以促進塗層黏著力增強。氮化鉻的沉積物係由鉻靶於氬/氮混合物中以反應性磁控管濺鍍而獲得。此氮流速係經伺服控制以配合該電漿中的鉻發射量的光學測值，使得該沉積物含有40+/-5原子%的氮。從而獲得CrN的沉積物，其具有帶1800+/-200 Hv的微硬度之NaCl型cfc結晶態。關於DCX-0、DCX-1和DCX-2塗層，a-C：H型DLC塗層係利用PACVD技術，藉由於電漿中裂解碳氫化合物(在此例中為乙炔)而沉積。在DCX-1之案例中，下一個步驟是最後藉由磁控管濺鍍石墨靶而沉積a-C型層。在DCX-2之案例中，產生純氧電漿並以來自該電漿的離子轟擊該沉積物10分鐘，其用以改變該沉積物的表面化學。
這些測試已利用球對平面的構型以其他的摩擦計進行。關於這些測試，該平面係由經拋光至0.02 μm的Ra 程度之鋼試片構成。球係由100Cr6鋼製造且其直徑係為10 mm。關於所有這些測試，將該等塗層均施於該球。
施於該球之負載係為10N，其得到140 μm的赫茲(Hertzian)接觸直徑及0.68 GPa的平均壓力。
此球可往復移動，且一趟為10 mm。滑動速度依循正弦曲線，及平均值為3.5 cm/s。
此測試的期間係於110℃的溫度下15,000個循環。該滑動速度、壓力和溫度條件係為使降低磨擦的添加物起反應以履行其功能者。測試最終，檢查此球並測量摩擦軌跡或磨耗軌跡的直徑，由此算出磨耗體積。附圖(第1圖)彙總平均磨耗率(換算成磨耗體積/摩擦循環數)。關於各塗層，進行3次測試並算出平均磨耗量。誤差線表示的不是誤差，而是這3次測試的最小值及最大值。
關於各個測試和各個不同的塗層，在含有該MoDTC摩擦改質劑的市場上買得到的車用潤滑油存在下進行測量。
由此圖形可作出以下觀察：
- 關於該DCX-0塗層，磨耗特別明顯，再者其並非與於不含MoDTC摩擦改質劑之經潤滑的介質中之塗層相同類型的案例。
- 關於該DCX-1塗層，在該DLC上附加未氫化的不定形碳層，傾向使該磨耗率降低約2.9倍。
- 關於該DCX-2塗層，可見到經由氧電漿而將該DLC表面改質對於該DLC磨耗率沒有明顯影響，然而其 表面能量卻完全改變。
- 依據本發明的DCX-3塗層於測試終點具有零磨耗率，且摩擦直徑僅略高於初始接觸直徑。氮化鉻具有約1,800 Hv的硬度值。
下表彙總出現在附圖上的平均磨耗率。
下表提供測試終點的摩擦係數。
從這些圖示可清楚知道所有解決方法均包含具有類似的平均摩擦係數的塗層。
在DCX-0的案例中，強烈分散與磨耗有關係。應該要注意的是：磨耗最嚴重的沉積物具有最低摩擦係數。
低摩擦係數主要起因於降低摩擦的添加物：MoDTC。
藉由示範且如表格的最後一行所示，未經塗佈的球面 對未經塗佈的平面之測試得到0.040+/-0.005的摩擦係數。平均磨耗率係為0.45。儘管此解決方法也能耐磨耗，但是透過該油中的抗磨耗添加物，其卻得到高出30%的摩擦係數。
藉由比較，經塗佈DLC(DCX-0)的球面對鋼製平面並使用SAE 5W30油(不含摩擦改質劑)之摩擦得到0.3+/-0.05 μm3/循環的磨耗率，然而該摩擦係數於0.12變得穩定。於包含脂肪酸型的降低摩擦的添加物之SAE 5W30油中，磨耗率係為0.32+/-0.05 μm3/循環且摩擦係數係為0.08。
從上述清楚知道該DCX-0型的DLC塗層於不含MoDTC的油中非常耐磨耗，同時觀察到上述油並未提供像含MoDTC的油那麼低的摩擦係數。
換句話說，當DLC組合面對鋼製的相對物體時，MoDTC不適合同時滿足二種功能，也就是說，對抗磨耗且同時使摩擦係數儘可能的低，反之，本發明所請求的組合，即氮化鉻和MoDTC，能有利地滿足該兩種功能。
本發明也關於經此塗佈並於含MoDTC之經潤滑的介質中運轉的部件於汽車領域中的用途，且特別是用於引擎和齒輪箱。
第1圖顯示於摩擦測試中的塗層之平均磨耗率。

Claims (4)

  1. 一種於經潤滑的介質中操作之摩擦部件，該經潤滑的介質包含摩擦改質劑，且有一種塗層係施於該部件，其特徵為該塗層係為氮化鉻且該摩擦改質劑係為MoDTC，該氮化鉻係經選擇以具有帶1800+/-200 HV的微硬度之NaCl型結晶態。
  2. 一種申請專利範圍第1項之摩擦部件於汽車領域中之用途。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項之用途，其中該摩擦部件係用於引擎領域。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第2項之用途，其中該摩擦部件係用於齒輪箱領域。
TW101137462A 2011-10-21 2012-10-11 於經潤滑的介質中操作的摩擦部件 TWI570233B (zh)

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BR112014008486A2 (pt) 2017-04-25
ZA201402408B (en) 2015-03-25
JP7042760B2 (ja) 2022-03-28
RU2014119581A (ru) 2015-11-20
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AU2012324719B2 (en) 2017-07-20
CN103917630B (zh) 2017-02-15
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JP7442427B2 (ja) 2024-03-04
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CA2851036A1 (fr) 2013-04-25
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