CN103917630A - 在润滑的媒介中操作的摩擦部件 - Google Patents

在润滑的媒介中操作的摩擦部件 Download PDF

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CN103917630A
CN103917630A CN201280051447.0A CN201280051447A CN103917630A CN 103917630 A CN103917630 A CN 103917630A CN 201280051447 A CN201280051447 A CN 201280051447A CN 103917630 A CN103917630 A CN 103917630A
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菲利普·毛林-佩里耶
克里斯托弗·埃奥
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    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
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    • C10M103/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being an inorganic material
    • C10M103/06—Metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/72—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
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    • C10M2201/0613—Carbides; Hydrides; Nitrides used as base material
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
    • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
    • C10M2219/068—Thiocarbamate metal salts
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
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Abstract

润滑的媒介包括摩擦改进剂。涂层被应用到部件。根据本发明，涂层为氮化铬以及摩擦改进剂为MoDTC。选择氮化铬是因为存在微硬度为1,800+/-200HV的NaCl-型结晶体。

Description

在润滑的媒介中操作的摩擦部件
本发明涉及在润滑环境中的摩擦学的技术领域。
更具体地，本发明涉及在包含摩擦改进剂的润滑环境中操作的摩擦部件，诸如，举例来说汽车部件。
对于专业人员众所周知的是使用薄涂层例如DLC以减小在润滑的环境中操作的机械部件的摩擦。
已知DLC涂层也实现第二种功能，即保护涂层免受磨损。
仍以能显著减小摩擦系数为目的，已经提出添加添加剂即摩擦改进剂。这些添加剂为有利地MoDTC，在热摩擦接触中，MoDTC进行化学反应以产生化合物例如MoS2，专业人员完全已知其作为固体润滑剂。
本发明基于现有技术的这种状态，似乎可以有利地结合DLC和MoDTC的效果以从它们两者之间的协同作用受益，从而进一步减小摩擦系数。
然而，进行测试后，看起来这种结合不能给出满意的结果。尤其，观察到含有氢的DLC涂层在MoDTC的存在下具有高的磨损率。当DLC涂层不被氢化时，磨损现象较不明显，但是在这种情况下，应用是复杂和高成本的技术。
以令人惊讶和出乎意料的方式，测试已经表明，在包含MoDTC摩擦改进剂的润滑的环境中，用氮化铬涂层取代DLC涂层的事实关于减小摩擦和关于保护关心部件免受磨损两方面给出了特别令人满意的结果。
换句话说，与在其中存在磨损现象的包括MoDTC摩擦改进剂的润滑的环境中使用的DLC相反，用氮化铬不会出现这种现象。
因此，本发明在于结合氮化铬和MoDTC的效果，允许显著降低摩擦系数而没有使硬度变差。
氮化铬的这种选择与专业人员的常识相反，专业人员目前在润滑的环境中几乎专门地使用DLC，没有用摩擦改进剂代替氮化铬。
已经进行摩擦测试以评价在包含MoDTC摩擦改进剂、DLC涂层和氮化铬涂层的润滑的环境中的性能，记住，以优选的已知方式，在DLC涂层的情况下，为了加强其机械强度，可沉积例如氮化铬的子层。参见下表，显示了在四个涂层上进行的测试，即DCX-0、DCX-1、DCX-2和DCX-3，其中DCX-3涂层是根据本发明的。
标记 说明
DCX-0 CrN(0.8μm)+DLC(2.0μm)
DCX-1 CrN(0.8μm)+DLC(2.0μm)+a-C(0.8μ)
DCX-2 CrN(0.8μm)+DLC(2.0μm)+O2等离子体抛光
DCX-3 CrN(0.8μm)
层组结合了通过磁控反应阴极喷涂形成的氮化铬涂层。对于所有涂层，初始清洁钢测试件，然后将它们定位在真空沉积室中放置的支架。在室的抽吸和排空期间，加热机器的内部和待涂覆的部件到150℃的温度持续2h，以对部件和沉积机器脱气。然后部件在氩气氛中经受离子洗涤，洗涤的目的是消除薄层的天然氧并从而允许涂层的强附着力。氮化铬的沉积通过在氩/氮混合物中Cr靶的磁控反应阴极喷涂获得。氮气的流量通过Cr发射在等离子体中的光学测量进行伺服控制，以致沉积含有40+/-5%的氮原子。因此，获得具有微硬度为1,800+/-200Hv的NaCL-型CFC结晶体的CrN的沉积。关于DCX-0、DCX-1和DCX-2涂层，使用PACVD技术沉积a-C:H-型DLC涂层，在这种情况下在乙炔的等离子体中裂化烃。在DCX-1的情况下，通过石墨靶的磁控阴极喷涂实施a-C型层的最终沉积。在DCX-2的情况下，产生纯氧等离子体以及用来自等离子体的离子轰击沉积物10分钟，这改变了沉积物的表面化学。
这些测试用交替摩擦磨损测试仪在滚珠轴承表面结构上进行。关于这些测试，表面包括抛光到0.02μm的Ra水平的钢测试件。滚珠由100Cr6钢制成并且直径为10mm。关于所有测试，涂层被应用到滚珠轴承。
施加到滚珠轴承的负载为10N，产生140μm的赫兹接触直径和0.68GPa的平均压力。
滚珠轴承是以交替运动而活动的，其行程为10mm。滑动速度遵循正弦型曲线，其平均值为3.5cm/s。
测试在110℃的温度进行15,000次循环。滑动速度、压力和温度条件使得摩擦减少添加剂反应以履行其作用。在测试结束时，观察滚珠轴承以及测量摩擦痕迹或磨损痕迹的直径，从中计算体积磨损。附图（图1）总结了平均磨损速度（取整的磨损体积相比于摩擦循环数）。关于每个涂层，进行三次测试，并且计算平均磨损。误差条不是表示误差而是三次测试的最小值和最大值。
关于每个测试，以及关于不同的涂层，测量是在含有MoDTC摩擦改进剂的市售汽车油的存在下进行的。
关于这个图形，可以得出下列观察结果：
-关于DCX-0涂层，磨损特别强，而且不是关于相同类型的涂层在没有包含MoDTC摩擦改进剂的润滑的环境的情况。
-关于DCX-1涂层，在DLC的顶部上添加非氢化的无定形碳层趋向于以约2.9的因子减小磨损速度。
-关于DCX-2涂层，看出通过氧等离子体对DLC表面的改变对于DLC的磨损速度不具有显著的影响，而表面能量被完全改变。
-根据本发明的DCX-3涂层在测试结束时表现出零磨损；摩擦直径非常轻微地大于初始接触直径。氮化铬具有大约1,800Hv的硬度。
下表总结了附图中特征的平均磨损速度值。
标记 磨损速度μm3/循环
DCX-0 1.68
DCX-1 0.56
DCX-2 1.26
DCX-3 0.42
钢 0.45
下表说明了在测试结束时的摩擦系数。
标记 摩擦系数
DCX-0 0.031/-0.016
DCX-1 0.032/-0.009
DCX-2 0.025/-0.003
DCX-3 0.031/-0.001
钢 0.040/-0.005
从这些表中展现出所有结合涂层的解决方案存在相似的平均摩擦系数。
在DCX-0的情况下强分散是由于磨损。将注意到最小摩擦系数通过最多磨损的沉积获得。
低摩擦系数本质上是由于摩擦减小添加剂：MoDTC。
作为一个例子，以及如表的最后一行所示，用未涂覆的滚珠轴承暴露到未涂覆的表面的测试返回0.040+/-0.005的摩擦系数。平均摩擦速度为0.45。尽管这种解决方案由于油中的抗磨添加剂抵抗磨损，但是它返回仍然是30%较高的摩擦系数。
相比之下，涂覆有DLC（DCX-0）的滚珠轴承暴露到钢表面的摩擦，使用SAE5W30油（没有任何摩擦改进剂）返回0.3+/-0.05μm3/循环的摩损速度；然而，摩擦系数稳定在0.12。在具有脂肪酸型摩擦减少添加剂的SAE5W30油中，摩损速度为0.32+/-0.05μm3/循环以及摩擦系数为0.08。
从以上得出DCX-0型DLC涂层在没有MoDTC的油中很好地抵抗摩擦的结果，看出这些油不允许实现摩擦系数低至那些含有MoDTC型的。
换句话说，在以钢-MoDTC-的摩擦对抗物的存在下的DLC组合没有兼容实现两个功能，即，在一方面，抵抗摩擦，以及，在另一方面，获得尽可能小的摩擦系数，然而所要求保护的结合，即，氮化铬和MoDTC，有利地实现了这两种功能。
本发明也涉及因此涂覆且在汽车领域尤其对于发动机和变速箱工作在含有MoDTC的润滑的环境中的部件的使用。

Claims (4)

1.一种摩擦部件，所述摩擦部件在包含摩擦改进剂的润滑的环境中操作，所述摩擦部件具有被应用到所述部件的涂层，其特征在于，所述涂层为氮化铬以及所述摩擦改进剂为MoDTC；氮化铬被选择是因为氮化铬存在微硬度为1,800+/-200HV的NaCl-型结晶体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的摩擦部件的用途，是汽车领域。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用途，是发动机领域。
4.根据权利要求2所述的用途，是变速箱领域。
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JP6392625B2 (ja) * 2014-10-14 2018-09-19 大同工業株式会社 チェーン用軸受部、ピン、及びそれを用いたチェーン
CN105424524B (zh) * 2015-12-16 2019-07-23 上海大学 高温原位生成固体润滑膜摩擦学性能测试的方法
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