TW201339788A - 電壓調節器 - Google Patents

電壓調節器 Download PDF

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TW201339788A
TW201339788A TW101145265A TW101145265A TW201339788A TW 201339788 A TW201339788 A TW 201339788A TW 101145265 A TW101145265 A TW 101145265A TW 101145265 A TW101145265 A TW 101145265A TW 201339788 A TW201339788 A TW 201339788A
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circuit
reference voltage
soft start
constant current
output
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TW101145265A
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TWI569124B (zh
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Akihito Yahagi
Takashi Imura
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Seiko Instr Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/625—Regulating voltage or current wherein it is irrelevant whether the variable actually regulated is ac or dc
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/468—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc characterised by reference voltage circuitry, e.g. soft start, remote shutdown
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/462—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc as a function of the requirements of the load, e.g. delay, temperature, specific voltage/current characteristic
    • G05F1/465—Internal voltage generators for integrated circuits, e.g. step down generators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Continuous-Control Power Sources That Use Transistors (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)

Abstract

[課題]提供具有面積小之軟起動電路的電壓調節器，該軟起動電路係藉由使基準電壓電路對時間緩和地上升而可以抑制衝擊電流。[解決手段]為一種軟起動電路，其係藉由在以定電流電路之定電流被驅動之基準電壓電路之輸出連接電容，可以使面積變小，基準電壓緩和地上升，防止衝擊電流，於軟起動期間結束後，可以切離定電流電路，並藉由以電源驅動基準電壓電路而進行安定的動作。

Description

電壓調節器
本發明係關於電壓調節器，更詳細而言係關於具有抑制於電源急劇上升時所產生之衝擊電流之軟起動功能之電壓調節器。
第2圖表示電壓調節器之方塊圖。電壓調節器具備輸出電晶體1、分壓電路2、基準電壓電路3、錯誤放大器4、軟起動電路5。當電源急劇上升時，藉由軟起動電路5控制基準電壓電路3輸出之基準電壓Vref而使基準電壓Vss平緩上升，來抑制衝擊電流。
以往之電壓調節器之軟起動電路係由第3圖所示之電路所構成(例如，參照專利文獻1)。
軟起動電路5係將基準電壓Vss緩緩地提高至目標值。係由被輸入時脈之數位電路71；和將基準電壓Vref從0V階段性地提高至目標值之進步電路72；和使步進電路72之步進輸出之變化成為緩和坡度的基準電壓Vss的緩衝電路73所構成。
[先行技術文獻] [專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本特開2008-109747號公報
但是，在以往之軟起動電路中，具有以下之課題。
於階段狀地提高基準電壓Vss之時，基準電壓Vss越高，每一階段所增加之電壓量越多，增加了衝擊電流。或是，為了減少每一階段所增加之電壓量，電阻之段數變多，軟起動電路之面積變大。
本發明係為了解決上述課題而創作出，提供具有面積小之軟起動電路的電壓調節器，該軟起動電路係藉由使基準電壓電路對時間緩和地上升而可以抑制衝擊電流。
本發明之電壓調節器具有軟起動電路，該軟起動電路具備：定電流電路；基準電壓電路，其係藉由定電流電路之電流而被驅動；電容，其係被設置在基準電壓電路之輸出端子；軟起動訊號輸出電路，其係用以檢測基準電壓而輸出軟起動訊號；第1開關電路，其係被設置在定電流電路和基準電壓電路之間，接收軟起動訊號，而在軟起動期間中導通；及第2開關電路，其係與第1開關電路並聯地被設置在電源和基準電壓電路之間，接收軟起動訊號，而在軟起動期間中斷開。
若藉由本發明時，利用在以定電流電路之定電流所驅動之基準電壓電路之輸出連接電容，可以構成面積小，且 基準電壓緩和上升，並可以防止衝擊電流的軟起動電路。於軟起動期間結束後，可以藉由切離定電流電路，並以電源驅動基準電壓電路使成為安定之動作。
再者，因設置有基準電壓之疊接電路，故於軟起動期間結束後可以改善對於漣波、雜波的特性。
以下，參照圖面針對本實施型態之電壓調節器之軟起動電路予以說明。
第1圖為本實施型態之軟起動電路，針對第2圖之電壓調節器之基準電壓3和軟起動電路5之部分而予以表示。
本實施型態之軟起動電路具備定電流電路51、基準電壓電路52、電容Cs、輸出軟起動訊號Sss之輸出電路53，和輸出基準電壓Vss之基準電壓輸出端子Vss。
定電流電路51係由例如空乏型之MOS電晶體M1所構成。基準電壓電路52為由空乏型之MOS電晶體M4和MOS電晶體M5所構成之ED型之基準電壓電路。Sss輸出電路53係由例如比較器和變流器所構成。比較器為由例如空乏型之MOS電晶體M7和MOS電晶體M6所構成之ED型之比較器。
定電流電路51與被飽和結線之PMOS電晶體M2連接。PMOS電晶體M2係閘極與PMOS電晶體M3及M9之閘極連接，將定電流I1鏡射於各個的電晶體而折返。基 準電壓電路52係接受在PMOS電晶體M3折返之定電流，而產生基準電壓Vref。電容Css被連接於基準電壓電路52之輸出端子，藉由以根據基準電壓Vref之電流被充電而產生基準電壓Vss，且輸出至基準電壓輸出端子Vss。在PMOS電晶體M3和基準電壓電路52之間，被插入當作開關電路動作的PMOS電晶體M10。連接有與PMOS電晶體M3及PMOS電晶體M10並聯而當作開關電路動作的PMOS電晶體M11。
比較器係在屬於輸入端子之NMOS電晶體M6之閘極連接基準電壓電路52之輸出，輸出端子被連接在NMOS電晶體M8之閘極。NMOS電晶體M8之汲極被連接在PMOS電晶體M9之汲極，輸出軟起動訊號Sss。
雖然無圖示，但是基準電壓輸出端子Vss被連接在電壓調節器之錯誤放大器4之輸入端子。
接著，針對本實施型態之軟起動電路之動作予以說明。
當電壓調節器被起動時，在定電流電路51流入定電流I1，從PMOS電晶體M2被鏡射至PMOS電晶體M3和PMOS電晶體M9而流通定電流。電容Css因不被充電，故基準電壓電路52之輸出端子之電壓低，基準電壓Vss也低。因此，比較器因NMO電晶體M6斷開，故輸出高電位(High)。軟起動訊號Sss因NMOS電晶體M8導通，故為低電位。
在此，PMOS電晶體M10因閘極被輸入軟起動訊號 Sss反轉之高電位之電壓，故呈斷開。PMOS電晶體M11因在閘極被輸入軟起動訊號Sss，故呈導通。因此，在軟起動期間中，基準電壓電路52藉由定電流I1動作。然後，藉由其基準電壓被充電電容Css。
此時，因定電流I1非常小，電容Css非常大，故基準電壓Vss緩緩地變高，實現軟起動功能。
在此，將軟起動時間設為Tss，將電容設為Css，將電荷量設為Q時，電荷量Q則成為(1)式。
Q=I1×Tss=Css．Vss (1)
當針對此解Vss時，則成為(2)式。
Vss=(I1/Css)×Tss (2)
基準電壓Vss藉由(2)式，可知係對時間線性地上升。因此，軟起動期間中，基準電壓Vss線性地緩緩地變高。
接著，基準電壓Vss緩緩地變高，即是NMOS電晶體M6導通時，比較器輸出低電位。軟起動訊號Sss係表示因NMOS電晶體M8斷開，故反轉成高電位，軟起動期間結束之情形。
軟起動期間結束後，PMOS電晶體M10因在閘極被輸入軟起動訊號Sss反轉之低電位之電壓，故呈接通， PMOS電晶體M11因在閘極被輸入軟起動訊號Sss，故呈斷開。因此，基準電壓電路52係藉由來自電源電壓Vdd之電流而安定動作。
以上，如說明般，若藉由本實施型態之軟起動電路時，可以提供具有面積小之軟起動電路的電壓調節器，該軟起動電路係藉由使基準電壓電路對時間緩和地上升而可以抑制衝擊電流。
並且，在本實施型態之軟起動電路中，雖然成為鏡射定電流電路51之電流而在PMOS電晶體M3和PMOS電晶體M9流動之構成，但是即使使定電流從定電流電路直接流入基準電壓電路52亦可，再者即使設置定電流電路取代PMOS電晶體M9亦可，並不限定於該實施型態之電路。
再者，在本實施型態之軟起動電路中，即使在PMOS電晶體M3和基準電壓電路52之間，插入空乏型電晶體之疊接電路亦可。基準電壓電路52因於軟起動期間結束之時，藉由疊接電路之動作而更加安定，故相對於漣波、雜波之特性被改善。
1‧‧‧輸出電晶體
2‧‧‧分壓電路
3‧‧‧基準電壓電路
4‧‧‧錯誤放大器電路
5‧‧‧軟起動電路
51‧‧‧定電流電路
52‧‧‧基準電壓電路
53‧‧‧Sss輸出電路
71‧‧‧數位電路
72‧‧‧歩進電路
73‧‧‧緩衝電路
第1圖為表示本實施型態之電壓調節器之軟起動電路的電路圖。
第2圖為表示電壓調節器之方塊圖。
第3圖為表示以往之軟起動電路電路的電路圖。
51‧‧‧定電流電路
52‧‧‧基準電壓電路
53‧‧‧Sss輸出電路
M1、M4、M5‧‧‧MOS電晶體
M2、M3‧‧‧PMOS電晶體
M6、M7‧‧‧MOS電晶體
M8、M9‧‧‧NMOS電晶體
M10、M11‧‧‧PMOS電晶體

Claims (2)

  1. 一種電壓調節器，其特徵為：具有軟起動電路，且該軟起動電路具備：定電流電路；基準電壓電路，其係藉由上述定電流電路之電流而被驅動；電容，其係被設置在上述基準電壓電路之輸出；軟起動訊號輸出電路，其係用以檢測上述基準電壓電路之基準電壓而輸出軟起動訊號；第1開關電路，其係被設置在上述定電流電路和上述基準電壓電路之間，接收上述軟起動訊號，而在軟起動期間中導通；及第2開關電路，其係與上述第1開關電路並聯地被設置在電源和上述基準電壓電路之間，接收上述軟起動訊號，而在軟起動期間中斷開。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所記載之電壓調節器，其中上述軟啟動電路又具有：被設置在上述第1開關電路和上述基準電壓電路之間的疊接電路。
TW101145265A 2011-12-21 2012-12-03 Voltage regulator TWI569124B (zh)

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JP6008496B2 (ja) 2016-10-19
KR20130072137A (ko) 2013-07-01
CN103176496B (zh) 2016-03-16
JP2013131041A (ja) 2013-07-04
US20130162231A1 (en) 2013-06-27
US8896277B2 (en) 2014-11-25
KR101820970B1 (ko) 2018-01-22
TWI569124B (zh) 2017-02-01
CN103176496A (zh) 2013-06-26

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