CN103176496A - 电压调节器 - Google Patents

电压调节器 Download PDF

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CN103176496A
CN103176496A CN2012105587291A CN201210558729A CN103176496A CN 103176496 A CN103176496 A CN 103176496A CN 2012105587291 A CN2012105587291 A CN 2012105587291A CN 201210558729 A CN201210558729 A CN 201210558729A CN 103176496 A CN103176496 A CN 103176496A
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reference voltage
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constant
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CN103176496B (zh
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矢荻显仁
井村多加志
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Ablic Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/468—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc characterised by reference voltage circuitry, e.g. soft start, remote shutdown
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/462—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc as a function of the requirements of the load, e.g. delay, temperature, specific voltage/current characteristic
    • G05F1/465—Internal voltage generators for integrated circuits, e.g. step down generators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/625—Regulating voltage or current wherein it is irrelevant whether the variable actually regulated is ac or dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Continuous-Control Power Sources That Use Transistors (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供电压调节器，该电压调节器具有可通过使基准电压电路相对于时间平缓地启动来抑制冲击电流的、面积较小的软启动电路。该软启动电路通过使电容与被恒流电路的恒流驱动的基准电压电路的输出连接，从而面积较小，基准电压平缓地上升，可防止冲击电流，在软启动期间结束之后，可通过切断恒流电路并利用电源驱动基准电压电路来进行稳定的动作。

Description

电压调节器
技术领域
本发明涉及电压调节器，更详细地说涉及具有可抑制在电源突然启动时产生的冲击电流的软启动功能的电压调节器。
背景技术
图2示出电压调节器的框图。电压调节器具备输出晶体管1、分压电路2、基准电压电路3、误差放大器4、软启动电路5。当电源突然启动时，软启动电路5控制基准电压电路3输出的基准电压Vref而平缓地升高基准电压Vss，由此抑制冲击电流。
现有的电压调节器的软启动电路由图3所示的电路构成(例如，参照专利文献1)。
软启动电路5使基准电压Vss缓缓地提高到目标值。该软启动电路5由输入时钟的数字电路71、使基准电压Vref从0V阶段性地提高到目标值的阶跃电路（ステップ回路）72以及使阶跃电路72的阶跃输出的变化成为平缓坡度的基准电压Vss的缓冲电路73构成。
专利文献1：日本特开2008-109747号公报
但是，在现有的软启动电路中具有以下这样的问题。
在使基准电压Vss阶梯状地提高时，基准电压Vss越高，则每级增加的电压量增加，冲击电流增加。或者，为了减少每级增加的电压量，电阻的级数变多，软启动电路的面积变大。
发明内容
本发明是为了解决以上这样的课题而完成的，其提供具有可通过使基准电压电路相对于时间平缓地启动来抑制冲击电流的、面积较小的软启动电路的电压调节器。
本发明的电压调节器具备软启动电路，该软启动电路具有：恒流电路；基准电压电路，其被恒流电路的电流驱动；电容，其设置在基准电压电路的输出端子处；软启动信号输出电路，其检测基准电压，输出软启动信号；第1开关电路，其设置在恒流电路与基准电压电路之间，接收软启动信号，在软启动期间中接通；以及第2开关电路，其与第1开关电路并联地设置在电源和基准电压电路之间，接收软启动信号，在软启动期间中断开。
根据本发明，通过使电容与被恒流电路的恒流驱动的基准电压电路的输出连接，可构成面积小、基准电压平缓地上升并能够防止冲击电流的软启动电路。在软启动期间结束后，可通过切断恒流电路并利用电源驱动基准电压电路来进行稳定的动作。
另外，因为设置有基准电压电路的共源共栅电路，所以在软启动期间结束后，对于纹波、噪声的特性能够得到改善。
附图说明
图1是示出本实施方式的电压调节器的软启动电路的电路图。
图2是示出电压调节器的框图。
图3是示出现有的软启动电路的电路图。
标号说明
1输出晶体管；2分压电路；3基准电压电路；4误差放大器电路；5软启动电路；51恒流电路；52基准电压电路；53Sss输出电路；71数字电路；72阶跃电路；73缓冲电路。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图来说明本实施方式的电压调节器的软启动电路。
图1是本实施方式的软启动电路，示出图2的电压调节器的基准电压电路3和软启动电路5的部分。
本实施方式的软启动电路具备恒流电路51、基准电压电路52、电容Css、输出软启动信号Sss的Sss输出电路53和输出基准电压Vss的基准电压输出端子Vss。
恒流电路51例如由耗尽型MOS晶体管M1构成。基准电压电路52是由耗尽型MOS晶体管M4和MOS晶体管M5构成的ED型的基准电压电路。Sss输出电路53例如由比较器和反相器构成。比较器例如是由耗尽型MOS晶体管M7和MOS晶体管M6构成的ED型的比较器。
恒流电路51与进行饱和接线的PMOS晶体管M2连接。PMOS晶体管M2的栅极与PMOS晶体管M3以及M9的栅极连接，使恒流I1镜像到各个晶体管中而折回。基准电压电路52接收PMOS晶体管M3折回的恒流，产生基准电压Vref。电容Css与基准电压电路52的输出端子连接，利用基于基准电压Vref的电流进行充电而产生基准电压Vss，输出至基准电压输出端子Vss。在PMOS晶体管M3与基准电压电路52之间插入了作为开关电路进行工作的PMOS晶体管M10。PMOS晶体管M11与PMOS晶体管M3连接，该PMOS晶体管M11与PMOS晶体管M10并联地作为开关电路进行工作。
比较器的输入端子即NMOS晶体管M6的栅极与基准电压电路52的输出连接，输出端子与NMOS晶体管M8的栅极连接。NMOS晶体管M8的漏极与PMOS晶体管M9的漏极连接，输出软启动信号Sss。
未作图示，基准电压输出端子Vss与电压调节器的误差放大器4的输入端子连接。
接着，对本实施方式的软启动电路的动作进行说明。
启动电压调节器后，恒流I1流过恒流电路51，恒流从PMOS晶体管M2镜像到PMOS晶体管M3和PMOS晶体管M9而流动。因为电容Css没有被充电，所以基准电压电路52的输出端子的电压较低，基准电压Vss也较低。因此，由于NMOS晶体管M6截止，所以比较器输出高电平。因为NMOS晶体管M8导通，所以软启动信号Sss是低电平。
这里，软启动信号Sss反转后的高电平电压输入到PMOS晶体管M10的栅极，所以PMOS晶体管M10截止。软启动信号Sss输入到PMOS晶体管M11的栅极，所以PMOS晶体管M11导通。因此，在软启动期间中，基准电压电路52利用恒流I1进行动作。然后，利用其基准电压对电容Css进行充电。
此时，恒流I1充分小，电容Css充分大，所以基准电压Vss缓缓地变高，从而实现软启动功能。
这里，当设软启动时间为Tss、电容Css的容量为Css、电荷量为Q时，电荷量Q成为式1。
Q＝I1×Tss＝Css·Vss    (1)
当针对Vss对该式1进行求解时，成为式2。
Vss＝(I1/Css)×Tss    (2)
根据式2可知，基准电压Vss相对于时间线性地上升。因此，在软启动期间中，基准电压Vss线性地缓缓变高。
接着，当基准电压Vss缓缓变高、即NMOS晶体管M6导通时，比较器输出低电平。因为NMOS晶体管M8截止，所以软启动信号Sss反转为高电平，表示软启动期间结束。
在软启动期间结束后，由于软启动信号Sss反转后的低电平电压输入到PMOS晶体管M10的栅极，所以PMOS晶体管M10导通，软启动信号Sss输入到PMOS晶体管M11的栅极，所以PMOS晶体管M11截止。因此，基准电压电路52利用来自电源电压Vdd的电流稳定地进行动作。
如上所述，根据本实施方式的软启动电路，能够提供具有可通过使基准电压电路相对于时间平缓地启动来抑制冲击电流的、面积较小的软启动电路的电压调节器。
此外，在本实施方式的软启动电路中，构成为使恒流电路51的电流镜像到PMOS晶体管M3和PMOS晶体管M9内而流动，但也可以使恒流从恒流电路直接流过基准电压电路52，另外，还可设置恒流电路来取代PMOS晶体管M9，而不限于本实施方式的电路。
另外，在本实施方式的软启动电路中，也可以在PMOS晶体管M3与基准电压电路52之间插入基于耗尽型晶体管的共源共栅电路。在软启动期间结束时基准电压电路52利用共源共栅电路的动作而更加稳定，所以，对于纹波、噪声的特性得到改善。

Claims (2)

1.一种电压调节器，其特征在于，该电压调节器具备软启动电路，
该软启动电路具有：
恒流电路；
基准电压电路，其被所述恒流电路的电流驱动；
电容，其设置在所述基准电压电路的输出处；
软启动信号输出电路，其检测所述基准电压电路的基准电压，输出软启动信号；
第1开关电路，其设置在所述恒流电路与所述基准电压电路之间，接收所述软启动信号，在软启动期间中接通；以及
第2开关电路，其与所述第1开关电路并联地设置在电源和所述基准电压电路之间，接收所述软启动信号，在软启动期间中断开。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电压调节器，其特征在于，
所述软启动电路还具有设置在所述第1开关电路与所述基准电压电路之间的共源共栅电路。
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US8896277B2 (en) 2014-11-25
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