SK281687B6 - Aditívum a spôsob jeho prípravy - Google Patents
Aditívum a spôsob jeho prípravy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- SK281687B6 SK281687B6 SK1315-96A SK131596A SK281687B6 SK 281687 B6 SK281687 B6 SK 281687B6 SK 131596 A SK131596 A SK 131596A SK 281687 B6 SK281687 B6 SK 281687B6
- Authority
- SK
- Slovakia
- Prior art keywords
- polyisobutylene
- molecular weight
- anhydride
- maleic anhydride
- weight
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic anhydride Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)O1 RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006112 polar polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
- C10M133/56—Amides; Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/86—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
- C10M129/95—Esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
- C10M145/16—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate polycarboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M149/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M177/00—Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/086—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type polycarboxylic, e.g. maleic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/26—Amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/046—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/251—Alcohol-fuelled engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
- C10N2040/28—Rotary engines
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HU9401100A HU214008B (hu) | 1994-04-15 | 1994-04-15 | Detergens-diszpergens adalékok belső égésű motorok kenőolajaihoz és előállítási eljárásuk |
| PCT/HU1995/000008 WO1995028460A1 (en) | 1994-04-15 | 1995-04-13 | Detergent - dispersant additive for lubricating oils of internal combustion engines and its preparation process |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SK131596A3 SK131596A3 (en) | 1997-07-09 |
| SK281687B6 true SK281687B6 (sk) | 2001-06-11 |
Family
ID=10985081
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SK1315-96A SK281687B6 (sk) | 1994-04-15 | 1995-04-13 | Aditívum a spôsob jeho prípravy |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0677572B1 (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE175439T1 (es) |
| CZ (1) | CZ292648B6 (es) |
| DE (1) | DE69507068T2 (es) |
| DK (1) | DK0677572T3 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2128606T3 (es) |
| GR (1) | GR3029741T3 (es) |
| HU (1) | HU214008B (es) |
| PL (1) | PL180877B1 (es) |
| RO (1) | RO119551B1 (es) |
| RU (1) | RU2139921C1 (es) |
| SI (1) | SI0677572T1 (es) |
| SK (1) | SK281687B6 (es) |
| UA (1) | UA45337C2 (es) |
| WO (1) | WO1995028460A1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0733697B1 (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 2000-05-10 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited | Post-treated dispersants |
| DE69624522T2 (de) * | 1995-03-24 | 2003-06-26 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives Ltd., Bracknell | Schmieröldispergiermittel |
| HU213255B (en) * | 1995-09-25 | 1997-05-28 | Mol Magyar Olaj Es Gazipari Rt | Multiple- stage engineoil and lubricant composition and additive-pocket |
| CA2189918C (en) * | 1995-11-13 | 2005-01-25 | Richard Mark Scott | Dispersant additives |
| FI112796B (fi) * | 2000-04-14 | 2004-01-15 | Valtion Teknillinen | Menetelmä oligo-/polymeripihkahappoaimididendrimeerien valmistamiseksi ja niiden käyttö |
| US6906011B2 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2005-06-14 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Polymeric dispersants prepared from copolymers of low molecular weight polyisobutene and unsaturated acidic reagent |
| CN101284897B (zh) * | 2008-06-05 | 2010-06-02 | 上海交通大学 | 马来酸酐接枝聚异丁烯共聚物的溶剂热制备方法 |
| CN108730770A (zh) | 2017-04-13 | 2018-11-02 | 通用电气公司 | 用于油的防蜡剂以及用防蜡剂来减少油产生蜡沉积的方法 |
| CN114717037A (zh) * | 2021-01-06 | 2022-07-08 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种耐高温无灰分散剂的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US440659A (en) * | 1890-11-18 | Darning-last | ||
| US161452A (en) * | 1875-03-30 | Improvement in rotary reversing and cut-off valves | ||
| US4036772A (en) * | 1975-03-03 | 1977-07-19 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Esters made from the reaction product of low molecular weight ethylenically unsaturated acylating agents and oxidized ethylene-propylene interpolymers |
| US4160739A (en) * | 1977-12-05 | 1979-07-10 | Rohm And Haas Company | Polyolefinic copolymer additives for lubricants and fuels |
| CA1146944A (en) * | 1979-12-20 | 1983-05-24 | Peter J.N. Brown | Lubricant additives, their method of preparation and lubricants containing them |
| CA1175411A (en) * | 1981-06-29 | 1984-10-02 | Phillip W. Brewster | Haze-free polymer additives for fuels and lubricants |
| GB8329082D0 (en) * | 1983-11-01 | 1983-12-07 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Low molecular weight polymers of 1-olefins |
| IN172215B (es) * | 1987-03-25 | 1993-05-08 | Lubrizol Corp | |
| GB8818711D0 (en) * | 1988-08-05 | 1988-09-07 | Shell Int Research | Lubricating oil dispersants |
| CA2015061A1 (en) * | 1989-05-30 | 1990-11-30 | Antonio Gutierrez | Multifunctional viscosity index modifier additives derived from polyamines containing one primary amino group and at least one secondary amino group |
-
1994
- 1994-04-15 HU HU9401100A patent/HU214008B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-04-13 DE DE69507068T patent/DE69507068T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-13 RO RO96-01988A patent/RO119551B1/ro unknown
- 1995-04-13 SI SI9530234T patent/SI0677572T1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-13 CZ CZ19962997A patent/CZ292648B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-13 UA UA96114351A patent/UA45337C2/uk unknown
- 1995-04-13 SK SK1315-96A patent/SK281687B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-13 WO PCT/HU1995/000008 patent/WO1995028460A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-04-13 ES ES95105672T patent/ES2128606T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-13 AT AT95105672T patent/ATE175439T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-13 RU RU96122492A patent/RU2139921C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-13 EP EP95105672A patent/EP0677572B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-13 DK DK95105672T patent/DK0677572T3/da active
- 1995-04-13 PL PL95316793A patent/PL180877B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-03-19 GR GR990400826T patent/GR3029741T3/el unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0677572A2 (en) | 1995-10-18 |
| SK131596A3 (en) | 1997-07-09 |
| CZ299796A3 (en) | 1997-04-16 |
| GR3029741T3 (en) | 1999-06-30 |
| HU214008B (hu) | 1998-04-28 |
| PL180877B1 (pl) | 2001-04-30 |
| HU9401100D0 (en) | 1994-07-28 |
| RO119551B1 (ro) | 2004-12-30 |
| DE69507068D1 (de) | 1999-02-18 |
| CZ292648B6 (cs) | 2003-11-12 |
| ATE175439T1 (de) | 1999-01-15 |
| EP0677572A3 (en) | 1996-12-18 |
| DK0677572T3 (da) | 1999-09-13 |
| WO1995028460A1 (en) | 1995-10-26 |
| RU2139921C1 (ru) | 1999-10-20 |
| SI0677572T1 (en) | 1999-06-30 |
| PL316793A1 (en) | 1997-02-17 |
| ES2128606T3 (es) | 1999-05-16 |
| UA45337C2 (uk) | 2002-04-15 |
| EP0677572B1 (en) | 1999-01-07 |
| DE69507068T2 (de) | 1999-07-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM4A | Patent lapsed due to non-payment of maintenance fees |
Effective date: 20110413 |