SK1994A3 - High productivity process for production of maleic anhydride - Google Patents
High productivity process for production of maleic anhydride Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- SK1994A3 SK1994A3 SK19-94A SK1994A SK1994A3 SK 1994 A3 SK1994 A3 SK 1994A3 SK 1994 A SK1994 A SK 1994A SK 1994 A3 SK1994 A3 SK 1994A3
- Authority
- SK
- Slovakia
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- bed
- gas
- temperature
- activity
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 408
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 234
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 153
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-ene Chemical compound CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylacetylene Natural products CC#CC XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 23
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 65
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 18
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 18
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 13
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 10
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229940035429 isobutyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl Chemical class [P]=O LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007420 reactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluralin Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- BHMLFPOTZYRDKA-IRXDYDNUSA-N (2s)-2-[(s)-(2-iodophenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=C1O[C@@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@H]1OCCNC1 BHMLFPOTZYRDKA-IRXDYDNUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037237 body shape Effects 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008450 motivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003541 multi-stage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphite Chemical compound COP(OC)OC CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/16—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation
- C07C51/21—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen
- C07C51/215—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of saturated hydrocarbyl groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J27/195—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with vanadium, niobium or tantalum
- B01J27/198—Vanadium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/34—Mechanical properties
- B01J35/37—Crush or impact strength
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
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- B01J2208/00035—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system involving measured parameters
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- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
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- B01J2208/00035—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system involving measured parameters
- B01J2208/0007—Pressure measurement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
- B01J2208/00212—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00539—Pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/55—Cylinders or rings
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Furan Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US72701891A | 1991-07-08 | 1991-07-08 | |
| PCT/US1992/005623 WO1993001155A1 (en) | 1991-07-08 | 1992-07-02 | High productivity process for the production of maleic anhydride |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SK1994A3 true SK1994A3 (en) | 1994-09-07 |
Family
ID=24920993
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SK19-94A SK1994A3 (en) | 1991-07-08 | 1992-07-02 | High productivity process for production of maleic anhydride |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6005121A (es) |
| EP (1) | EP0593646B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP3424928B2 (es) |
| KR (1) | KR970007913B1 (es) |
| CN (1) | CN1083416C (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE174583T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU658217B2 (es) |
| BR (1) | BR9206256A (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2110579C (es) |
| CZ (1) | CZ282293A3 (es) |
| DE (1) | DE69227906T2 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2125902T3 (es) |
| HU (1) | HU221457B (es) |
| IL (1) | IL102436A (es) |
| MX (1) | MX9203992A (es) |
| NZ (1) | NZ243467A (es) |
| SK (1) | SK1994A3 (es) |
| TW (1) | TW215086B (es) |
| WO (1) | WO1993001155A1 (es) |
| ZA (1) | ZA925058B (es) |
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| DE10011309A1 (de) * | 2000-03-10 | 2001-09-13 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Maleinsäreanhydrid |
| DE10011307A1 (de) | 2000-03-10 | 2001-09-13 | Basf Ag | Katalysator und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Maleinsäureanhydrid |
| JP4469601B2 (ja) | 2001-08-01 | 2010-05-26 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ | 成形三葉体粒子 |
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| MY139580A (en) * | 2002-06-07 | 2009-10-30 | Shell Int Research | Shaped catalyst particles for hydrocarbon synthesis |
| DE10235355A1 (de) | 2002-08-02 | 2004-02-19 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Maleinsäureanhydrid |
| CN1713960A (zh) * | 2002-11-04 | 2005-12-28 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 细长型颗粒及其作为催化剂或催化剂载体的用途 |
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| EP2106293B1 (en) * | 2007-01-18 | 2016-03-30 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Catalyst, catalyst precursor, catalyst carrier, preparation and use of thereof in fischer-tropsch synthesis |
| US7645906B2 (en) | 2007-03-27 | 2010-01-12 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Graded catalyst bed for methyl mercaptan synthesis |
| GB0816705D0 (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2008-10-22 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Shaped heterogeneous catalysts |
| GB0816703D0 (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2008-10-22 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Shaped heterogeneous catalysts |
| GB0816709D0 (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2008-10-22 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Shaped heterogeneneous catalysts |
| TWI468223B (zh) * | 2008-10-20 | 2015-01-11 | Huntsman Petrochemical Llc | 經改良之三瓣形馬來酸酐觸媒及製造馬來酸酐的方法 |
| EP2470301A1 (de) | 2009-08-26 | 2012-07-04 | Basf Se | Katalysator-precursor für die herstellung von maleinsäureanhydrid und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
| JP5852134B2 (ja) | 2010-12-29 | 2016-02-03 | ローム アンド ハース カンパニーＲｏｈｍ Ａｎｄ Ｈａａｓ Ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ | プロパン酸化のための反応器及び方法 |
| US9133079B2 (en) | 2012-01-13 | 2015-09-15 | Siluria Technologies, Inc. | Process for separating hydrocarbon compounds |
| EP2809633B1 (de) | 2012-01-30 | 2015-12-30 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von butadien und/oder butenen aus n-butan |
| US9969660B2 (en) | 2012-07-09 | 2018-05-15 | Siluria Technologies, Inc. | Natural gas processing and systems |
| EA201590567A1 (ru) | 2012-09-20 | 2015-09-30 | Басф Се | Способ получения бутадиена с удалением кислорода из c-углеводородных потоков |
| US9598328B2 (en) | 2012-12-07 | 2017-03-21 | Siluria Technologies, Inc. | Integrated processes and systems for conversion of methane to multiple higher hydrocarbon products |
| EP3074119B1 (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2019-01-09 | Siluria Technologies, Inc. | Reactors and systems for oxidative coupling of methane |
| CA3123783A1 (en) | 2014-01-08 | 2015-07-16 | Lummus Technology Llc | Ethylene-to-liquids systems and methods |
| US10377682B2 (en) | 2014-01-09 | 2019-08-13 | Siluria Technologies, Inc. | Reactors and systems for oxidative coupling of methane |
| EP3097068A4 (en) | 2014-01-09 | 2017-08-16 | Siluria Technologies, Inc. | Oxidative coupling of methane implementations for olefin production |
| DE102014005939A1 (de) | 2014-04-24 | 2015-10-29 | Clariant International Ltd. | Katalysatoranordnung mit optimierter Oberfläche zur Herstellung von Phthalsäureanhydrid |
| RU2646601C2 (ru) | 2014-04-24 | 2018-03-06 | Клариант Интернэшнл Лтд | Катализаторная компоновка с оптимизированной порозностью для получения фталевого ангидрида |
| CN104492468B (zh) * | 2014-12-17 | 2017-02-22 | 大连瑞克科技有限公司 | 一种正丁烷氧化制顺丁二酸酐的催化剂的制备方法 |
| US9334204B1 (en) | 2015-03-17 | 2016-05-10 | Siluria Technologies, Inc. | Efficient oxidative coupling of methane processes and systems |
| US10793490B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 | 2020-10-06 | Lummus Technology Llc | Oxidative coupling of methane methods and systems |
| US20160289143A1 (en) | 2015-04-01 | 2016-10-06 | Siluria Technologies, Inc. | Advanced oxidative coupling of methane |
| FI127288B (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2018-03-15 | Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy | Process and apparatus for preparing a chemical compound |
| US9328297B1 (en) | 2015-06-16 | 2016-05-03 | Siluria Technologies, Inc. | Ethylene-to-liquids systems and methods |
| US20170106361A1 (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-20 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Catalyst Carrier |
| US20170107162A1 (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2017-04-20 | Siluria Technologies, Inc. | Separation methods and systems for oxidative coupling of methane |
| CA3019396A1 (en) | 2016-04-13 | 2017-10-19 | Siluria Technologies, Inc. | Oxidative coupling of methane for olefin production |
| FR3051684B1 (fr) * | 2016-05-30 | 2020-09-04 | Ifp Energies Now | Catalyseur d'hydrogenation selective comprenant un support extrude |
| CN108101871B (zh) * | 2016-11-24 | 2022-01-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种正丁烷氧化制备顺酐的工艺方法 |
| CN108101873A (zh) * | 2016-11-24 | 2018-06-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种正丁烷氧化制备顺酐的方法 |
| CN108101872B (zh) * | 2016-11-24 | 2022-01-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种正丁烷氧化生产顺酐的催化剂级配方法 |
| WO2018118105A1 (en) | 2016-12-19 | 2018-06-28 | Siluria Technologies, Inc. | Methods and systems for performing chemical separations |
| ES2960342T3 (es) | 2017-05-23 | 2024-03-04 | Lummus Technology Inc | Integración de procedimientos de acoplamiento oxidativo del metano |
| WO2019010498A1 (en) | 2017-07-07 | 2019-01-10 | Siluria Technologies, Inc. | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR OXIDIZING METHANE COUPLING |
| US11547989B2 (en) | 2018-02-12 | 2023-01-10 | Huntsman Petrochemical Llc | Cored round trilobe shaped catalyst for producing maleic anhydride |
| EP3894070A1 (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2021-10-20 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | Catalyst particle shape |
| DE102019127790A1 (de) * | 2019-10-15 | 2021-04-15 | Clariant International Ltd | Neues Katalysatorsystem für die Herstellung von Maleinsäureanhydrid durch katalytische Oxidation von n-Butan |
| DE102019127789A1 (de) * | 2019-10-15 | 2021-04-15 | Clariant International Ltd. | Neues Katalysatorsystem für die Herstellung von Maleinsäureanhydrid durch katalytische Oxidation von n-Butan |
| DE102019127788A1 (de) * | 2019-10-15 | 2021-04-15 | Clariant International Ltd. | Neues Reaktorsystem für die Herstellung von Maleinsäureanhydrid durch katalytische Oxidation von n-Butan |
| EP4059595A1 (de) * | 2021-03-15 | 2022-09-21 | Linde GmbH | Herstellung von ethylen durch oxidative dehydrierung von ethan |
| CN116328801B (zh) * | 2021-12-22 | 2024-07-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 夹心型苯制马来酸酐催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| DE102022004204A1 (de) | 2022-11-12 | 2024-05-23 | Hans-Jürgen Eberle | Vefahren zur Herstellung von Maleinsäureanhydrid |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US347041A (en) * | 1886-08-10 | Throttle-valve | ||
| GB1030507A (en) * | 1962-06-15 | 1966-05-25 | Harpener Bergbau Ag | Process for the catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons |
| US3474041A (en) * | 1964-03-05 | 1969-10-21 | Petro Tex Chem Corp | Organo-phosphorus compounds in the reactivation of vanadium - phosphorus-oxygen catalysts |
| US3296282A (en) * | 1964-03-05 | 1967-01-03 | Petro Tex Chem Corp | Oxidation of hydrocarbons |
| CA1137876A (en) * | 1977-06-20 | 1982-12-21 | Michael L. Noakes | Catalyst supports |
| US4342699A (en) * | 1981-02-23 | 1982-08-03 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Process for production of maleic anhydride |
| EP0099431B1 (en) * | 1982-07-20 | 1987-10-28 | Amoco Corporation | Process for production of maleic anhydride |
| US4501907A (en) * | 1982-12-20 | 1985-02-26 | Monsanto Company | Maleic anhydride production using high butane feed concentration |
| DE3303289A1 (de) * | 1983-02-01 | 1984-08-02 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur herstellung von schwefelsaeure und oleum |
| US4780548A (en) * | 1983-04-14 | 1988-10-25 | Amoco Corporated | Process for the manufacture of maleic anhydride utilizing catalysts reactivated with an ester of orthophosphoric acid in the presence of water |
| US4515904A (en) * | 1983-09-30 | 1985-05-07 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Catalysts for the production of maleic anhydride by the oxidation of butane |
| US4515899A (en) * | 1983-12-14 | 1985-05-07 | Denka Chemical Corporation | Steam regeneration of phosphorus treated vanadium-phosphorus-oxygen catalysts |
| US4810803A (en) * | 1985-05-22 | 1989-03-07 | Amoco Corporation | Process for improving phosphorus-vanadium oxide and phosphorus vanadium-co-metal oxide catalysts in the oxidation of -butane to maleic anhydride |
| US4701433A (en) * | 1985-05-22 | 1987-10-20 | Amoco Corporation | Process for improving phosphorus-vanadium oxide and phosphorus-vanadium-co-metal oxide catalysts |
| US4632915A (en) * | 1985-10-28 | 1986-12-30 | Monsanto Company | Iron/lithium--promoted catalysts for the production of maleic anhydride |
| US4855459A (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1989-08-08 | Monsanto Company | Process for the production of maleic anhydride |
-
1992
- 1992-07-02 SK SK19-94A patent/SK1994A3/sk unknown
- 1992-07-02 CA CA002110579A patent/CA2110579C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-07-02 AU AU23178/92A patent/AU658217B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-07-02 EP EP92915543A patent/EP0593646B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-02 AT AT92915543T patent/ATE174583T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-07-02 DE DE69227906T patent/DE69227906T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-02 WO PCT/US1992/005623 patent/WO1993001155A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1992-07-02 CZ CS932822A patent/CZ282293A3/cs unknown
- 1992-07-02 HU HU9400053A patent/HU221457B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-07-02 BR BR9206256A patent/BR9206256A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-07-02 JP JP50235693A patent/JP3424928B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-07-02 ES ES92915543T patent/ES2125902T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-07 IL IL10243692A patent/IL102436A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-07-07 ZA ZA925058A patent/ZA925058B/xx unknown
- 1992-07-07 NZ NZ243467A patent/NZ243467A/xx unknown
- 1992-07-07 CN CN92105416A patent/CN1083416C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-07-07 TW TW81105361A patent/TW215086B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-07-07 MX MX9203992A patent/MX9203992A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-01-05 KR KR94700026A patent/KR970007913B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-04-10 US US09/058,029 patent/US6005121A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NZ243467A (en) | 1994-06-27 |
| US6005121A (en) | 1999-12-21 |
| ES2125902T3 (es) | 1999-03-16 |
| IL102436A (en) | 1996-10-31 |
| AU658217B2 (en) | 1995-04-06 |
| CN1083416C (zh) | 2002-04-24 |
| HU221457B (en) | 2002-10-28 |
| DE69227906T2 (de) | 1999-07-01 |
| JPH06508850A (ja) | 1994-10-06 |
| MX9203992A (es) | 1993-08-01 |
| HU9400053D0 (en) | 1994-05-30 |
| CA2110579A1 (en) | 1993-01-21 |
| EP0593646B1 (en) | 1998-12-16 |
| KR970007913B1 (en) | 1997-05-17 |
| JP3424928B2 (ja) | 2003-07-07 |
| ZA925058B (en) | 1993-04-28 |
| DE69227906D1 (de) | 1999-01-28 |
| EP0593646A1 (en) | 1994-04-27 |
| TW215086B (es) | 1993-10-21 |
| CN1068324A (zh) | 1993-01-27 |
| HUT66868A (en) | 1995-01-30 |
| BR9206256A (pt) | 1995-10-10 |
| ATE174583T1 (de) | 1999-01-15 |
| WO1993001155A1 (en) | 1993-01-21 |
| IL102436A0 (en) | 1993-01-14 |
| CA2110579C (en) | 2005-06-21 |
| CZ282293A3 (en) | 1994-04-13 |
| AU2317892A (en) | 1993-02-11 |
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