RU2016107419A - Анизотропный полимерный материал - Google Patents

Анизотропный полимерный материал Download PDF

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RU2016107419A
RU2016107419A RU2016107419A RU2016107419A RU2016107419A RU 2016107419 A RU2016107419 A RU 2016107419A RU 2016107419 A RU2016107419 A RU 2016107419A RU 2016107419 A RU2016107419 A RU 2016107419A RU 2016107419 A RU2016107419 A RU 2016107419A
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zone
material according
polymer material
polymer
ratio
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RU2016107419A
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Василий А. ТОПОЛКАРАЕВ
Райан Дж. МАКИНИНИ
Нил Т. ШОЛ
Марк М. МЛЕЗИВА
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Кимберли-Кларк Ворлдвайд, Инк.
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Claims (40)

1. Полимерный материал, где полимерный материал образован из термопластичной композиции, содержащей непрерывную фазу, которая содержит матричный полимер, и дополнительно где добавка микровключения и добавка нановключения диспергированы в непрерывной фазе в форме дискретных доменов, где полимерный материал определяет первую зону, которая граничит со второй зоной, где поровая сеть образована внутри первой зоны так, что первая зона обладает большим объемом пор, чем вторая зона.
2. Полимерный материал по п. 1, где средний объем пор материала внутри первой зоны составляет от приблизительно 15% до приблизительно 80% на см3, предпочтительно от приблизительно 20% до приблизительно 70% и более предпочтительно от приблизительно 30% до приблизительно 60% на кубический сантиметр.
3. Полимерный материал по п. 2, где средний объем пор материала внутри второй зоны составляет менее 15% и предпочтительно от 0% до приблизительно 10%.
4. Полимерный материал по п. 1, где отношение показателя плотности материала внутри первой зоны к показателю плотности материала внутри второй зоны составляет от приблизительно 0,1 до приблизительно 0,95, предпочтительно от приблизительно 0,2 до приблизительно 0,9 и более предпочтительно от приблизительно 0,3 до приблизительно 0,8.
5. Полимерный материал по п. 1, где плотность материала внутри первой зоны составляет приблизительно 1,2 г/см3 или меньше, предпочтительно приблизительно 1,0 г/см3 или меньше, более предпочтительно от приблизительно 0,2 г/см3 до приблизительно 0,8 г/см3 и еще более предпочтительно от приблизительно 0,1 г/см3 до приблизительно 0,5 г/см3.
6. Полимерный материал по п. 1, где отношение показателя скорости проникновения водяных паров материала внутри первой зоны к показателю скорости проникновения водяных паров материала внутри второй зоны составляет от приблизительно 0,1 до приблизительно 0,95, предпочтительно от приблизительно 0,2 до приблизительно 0,9 и более предпочтительно от приблизительно 0,3 до приблизительно 0,8.
7. Полимерный материал по п. 1, где скорость проникновения водяных паров материала внутри первой зоны составляет приблизительно 500 г/м2-24 часа или больше, предпочтительно приблизительно 1000 г/м2-24 часа или больше и более предпочтительно от приблизительно 3000 до приблизительно 15000 г/м2-24 часа.
8. Полимерный материал по п. 1, где отношение показателя модуля упругости материала внутри первой зоны к показателю модуля упругости материала внутри второй зоны составляет от приблизительно 0,1 до приблизительно 0,95, предпочтительно от приблизительно 0,2 до приблизительно 0,9 и более предпочтительно от приблизительно 0,3 до приблизительно 0,8.
9. Полимерный материал по п. 1, где модуль упругости материала внутри первой зоны составляет приблизительно 2400 МПа или меньше, предпочтительно приблизительно 2200 МПа или меньше, более предпочтительно от приблизительно 50 МПа до приблизительно 2000 МПа и еще более предпочтительно от приблизительно 100 МПа до приблизительно 1000 МПа.
10. Полимерный материал по п. 1, где отношение показателя ударной вязкости по Шарпи для образца с надрезом материала внутри первой зоны к показателю ударной вязкости по Шарпи для образца с надрезом материала внутри второй зоны составляет от приблизительно 0,1 до приблизительно 0,95, предпочтительно от приблизительно 0,2 до приблизительно 0,9 и более предпочтительно от приблизительно 0,3 до приблизительно 0,8.
11. Полимерный материал по п. 1, где ударная вязкость по Шарпи для образца с надрезом внутри первой зоны составляет приблизительно 10 кДж/м2 или больше, предпочтительно приблизительно 20 кДж/м2 или больше, более предпочтительно приблизительно 35 кДж/м2 или больше и еще более предпочтительно от приблизительно 45 кДж/м2 до приблизительно 100 кДж/м2.
12. Полимерный материал по п. 1, где отношение показателя теплопередачи материала внутри первой зоны к показателю теплопередачи материала внутри второй зоны составляет от приблизительно 0,1 до приблизительно 0,95, предпочтительно от приблизительно 0,2 до приблизительно 0,9 и более предпочтительно от приблизительно 0,3 до приблизительно 0,8.
13. Полимерный материал по п. 1, где теплопередача внутри первой зоны составляет приблизительно 1000 Вт/м2K или меньше, предпочтительно от приблизительно 10 до приблизительно 800 Вт/м2K, более предпочтительно от приблизительно 20 до приблизительно 500 Вт/м2K и еще более предпочтительно от приблизительно 40 до приблизительно 200 Вт/м2K.
14. Полимерный материал по п. 1, где поровая сеть содержит множество нанопор, имеющих средний размер поперечного сечения приблизительно 800 нанометров или меньше и предпочтительно от приблизительно 10 до приблизительно 100 нанометров.
15. Полимерный материал по п. 14, где нанопоры составляют приблизительно 20 об. % или больше от общего объема пор материала внутри первой зоны.
16. Полимерный материал по п. 15, где поровая сеть дополнительно содержит микропоры.
17. Полимерный материал по п. 16, где отношение сторон микропор составляет от приблизительно 1 до приблизительно 30.
18. Полимерный материал по п. 1, где непрерывная фаза составляет от приблизительно 60 вес. % до приблизительно 99 вес. % термопластичной композиции.
19. Полимерный материал по п. 1, где матричный полимер включает сложный полиэфир или полиолефин.
20. Полимерный материал по п. 19, где сложный полиэфир имеет температуру стеклования приблизительно 0°C или больше.
21. Полимерный материал по п. 19, где сложный полиэфир включает полимолочную кислоту.
22. Полимерный материал по п. 1, где добавка микровключения является полимерной.
23. Полимерный материал по п. 22, где добавка микровключения включает полиолефин.
24. Полимерный материал по п. 23, где полиолефин представляет собой гомополимер пропилена, сополимер пропилена/α-олефина, сополимер этилена/α-олефина или их комбинацию.
25. Полимерный материал по п. 1, где отношение параметра растворимости матричного полимера к параметру растворимости добавки микровключения составляет от приблизительно 0,5 до приблизительно 1,5, отношение показателя текучести расплава матричного полимера к показателю текучести расплава добавки микровключения составляет от приблизительно 0,2 до приблизительно 8, и/или отношение модуля упругости Юнга матричного полимера к модулю упругости Юнга добавки микровключения составляет от приблизительно 1 до приблизительно 250.
26. Полимерный материал по п. 1, где добавка нановключения является полимерной.
27. Полимерный материал по п. 26, где добавка нановключения представляет собой функционализированный полиолефин.
28. Полимерный материал по п. 26, где добавка нановключения является реакционноспособной.
29. Полимерный материал по п. 28, где добавка нановключения представляет собой полиэпоксид.
30. Полимерный материал по п. 1, где добавка микровключения составляет от приблизительно 1 вес. % до приблизительно 30 вес. % композиции, исходя из веса непрерывной фазы.
31. Полимерный материал по п. 1, где добавка нановключения составляет от приблизительно 0,05 вес. % до приблизительно 20 вес. % композиции, исходя из веса непрерывной фазы.
32. Полимерный материал по п. 1, где термопластичная композиция дополнительно содержит модификатор поверхности раздела фаз.
33. Полимерный материал по п. 1, где материал определяет несколько первых зон, несколько вторых зон или их комбинацию, при этом по меньшей мере одна из первых зон граничит по меньшей мере с одной из вторых зон.
34. Полимерный материал по п. 1, где вторая зона расположена между двумя первыми зонами.
35. Способ образования полимерного материала по п. 1, при этом способ включает растягивание первой зоны полимерного материала для обеспечения поровой сети.
36. Способ по п. 35, где вторую зону не растягивают.
37. Способ по п. 35, где вторую зону растягивают в меньшей степени, чем первую зону.
38. Способ по п. 35, где вторую зону растягивают и после этого подвергают термической обработке.
39. Способ по п. 35, где первую зону растягивают при температуре от приблизительно -50°C до приблизительно 125°C, предпочтительно от приблизительно -25°C до приблизительно 100°C и более предпочтительно от приблизительно -20°C до приблизительно 50°C.
40. Cпособ по п. 35, где первую зону растягивают при температуре, которая по меньшей мере на приблизительно 10°C, предпочтительно по меньшей на приблизительно 20°C и более предпочтительно по меньшей мере на приблизительно 30°C ниже температуры стеклования матричного полимера и/или добавки микровключения.
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