RU192184U1 - Circle simulator for group classes on the restoration and preventive training of spatial memory by the method of remembering directions - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group exercises on the restoration and preventive training of spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions of various etiologies. A useful model contains a plastic base ( 1) round in shape, on the side surface of which a hollow handle is made (2), and on the front and reverse On the sides of the base (1), sixteen recessed arrows (3a, 3b, 3c) are made, directed from the center in different directions with the same angular intervals, while the recessed arrows (3a, 3b, 3c) differ in three types: the main recessed arrows (3a), including two vertical and two horizontal arrows, recesses, intermediate arrows, recesses (3b), including four diagonal arrows, recesses, which are located between the main arrows, recesses (3a) at an angle of 45 degrees and additional arrows-recesses (3c) in eight pieces located between the main and intermediate recessed arrows (3a, 3b), while all the recessed arrows (3a, 3b, 3c) have the same depth, and the mark (4) is applied to the front of the base (1). Thus, the “circle simulator”, due to its structural elements, allows conducting group exercises on restoration and preventive training of spatial memory with a wide contingent of patients in a neurological clinic, including patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor, without using Ania additional elements in the form of working kartochek.Zayavlenny "simulator-circle" brings to the process of rehabilitation sessions with patients with an element of novelty, turning them into an interesting and attractive for people with psychological training.

Description

This useful model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical clinics during classes on the restoration and preventive training of spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic.

Of great importance for the effectiveness of rehabilitation education are the forms of its organization, which are used during classes with patients at a neurological clinic who have disorders of various mental functions.

Methods and forms of organization of restorative education should take into account the social nature of a person and create conditions for maximizing the use of all human capabilities and abilities, using the influence of the social environment and other social factors on a sick person (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M; Moscow psychological -Social Institute of Voronezh: Publishing house NPO "MODEK", 2001, p. 81, 82).

One of the forms of organization of rehabilitation education, which is based on the use of the social environment and other social factors, is the group form of classes, which helps to increase the efficiency of restoration of impaired mental functions, expanding and complementing individual lessons with a specialist and independent studies of patients when they are in a neurological clinic.

Group lessons allow you to realize primarily the activity of communication and impact on the patient’s personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition, etc. (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M; Moscow Psychological and Social Institute Voronezh: Publishing house NPO MODEK, 2001, p. 9).

According to Marvin Shaw, a specialist in group dynamics, a small social group is a community consisting of two or more interacting and influencing individuals (Myers D. Social Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997, chapter 9).

The use of the group form of classes helps to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation training when working on the restoration in patients of a neurological clinic of various types of memory, including spatial memory.

Spatial memory is one of the types of memory aimed at remembering the spatial location of objects, people, physical stimuli (National Psychological Encyclopedia, Spatial memory, found on June 10, 2019 on the Internet at http://vocabulary.ru/termin/prostranstvennaja- pamjat.html).

Like other types of human memory, spatial memory is impaired in various neurological diseases associated primarily with damage to the tertiary parietal-temporal-occipital departments of the cerebral cortex.

Currently, various devices and simulators are used for classes on the restoration of impaired spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic.

So, from the existing level of technology, the device “Magnetic simulator for training to restore spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic by the method of remembering directions” is known (Patent RU 178131 U1, published March 23, 2018).

Structurally, this device is a round plastic case, inside of which there is a metal working plate with the image of sixteen multidirectional arrows printed on its surface, at the ends of which, along the perimeter of the device’s case, there are several magnetic chips.

During classes with this device, work cards are used, each of which contains images of a work plate with chip images arranged in accordance with different directions. The patient needs to remember the spatial arrangement of the image of the chips on the working card, and then reproduce from memory their location by moving the magnetic chips.

The disadvantages of this device when it is used during group exercises on the restoration and preventive training of spatial memory by the method of remembering directions are:

a) this device is not intended for use during group classes;

b) the need to use additional elements in the form of magnetic chips and work cards containing tasks for memorization.

Also, from the existing level of technology, a device is known as a "simulator-plate for classes to restore spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic" (Patent RU 183173 U1, published on September 12, 2019).

Structurally, this device is a plastic plate, on the bottom of which there are sixteen multidirectional arrows-recesses designed to fit various images.

 During classes with this device, work cards are used with the image of similar arrows, some of which are highlighted. It is necessary for the patient to remember the selected arrows and, from memory, select similar arrows-recesses on the bottom of the device with a water marker.

 The disadvantages of this device when it is used during group exercises on the restoration and preventive training of spatial memory by the method of remembering directions are:

a) this device is not intended for use during group classes;

b) the need to use additional elements in the form of work cards containing tasks for memorization.

In order to overcome the above drawbacks, the “Circle simulator for group exercises on the restoration and preventive training of spatial memory by the method of remembering directions” (hereinafter referred to as the “simulator circle”) was developed.

 The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) providing the possibility of conducting group exercises to restore spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic by remembering directions;

b) providing the possibility of conducting group exercises aimed at the preventive training of spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic in whom memory impairment is so far manifested to a small extent;

c) the absence of the need to use additional elements in the form of work cards due to the fact that the formation of tasks is carried out directly by the patients themselves during the classes;

d) the absence of the need to use additional elements in the form of magnetic chips due to the fact that the allocation of directions is carried out by inscribing lines or symbols in the arrows;

e) providing the opportunity to conduct classes for patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor due to the fact that the arrows are made in the form of recesses that do not allow the writing instrument to go beyond them;

e) the simplicity of the design of the "simulator-circle", contributing to its widespread adoption in clinical practice.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the expansion of the functionality of the "simulator plates for classes to restore spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic", provided by the structural elements of the claimed "simulator circle", allowing group exercises to restore and preventive training of spatial memory with a wide the contingent of patients in a neurological clinic, including patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of tremor of the hands, without use of additional elements in the form of work cards.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the "simulator-circle" contains a plastic base of round shape, on the side surface of which a hollow handle is made, and on the front and back sides of the base there are sixteen arrows-recesses directed from the center in different directions with the same angular intervals, in this case, the arrows-recesses differ in three types: the main arrows-recesses, which include two vertical and two horizontal arrows-recesses, intermediate arrows-recesses, including four diagonal arrows-recesses, which are located between the main arrows-recesses at an angle of forty-five degrees and additional arrows-recesses in the amount of eight pieces, located between the main and intermediate arrows-recesses, while all arrows-recesses have the same depth , and on the front side of the base marked.

In a preferred embodiment of the “circle simulator”, the mark is made in the form of a circle.

In a preferred embodiment of the “simulator-circle”, the arrows-recesses are highlighted in a color different from the color of the base.

The essence of the utility model "Circle simulator for group exercises on the restoration and preventive training of spatial memory by the method of remembering directions" is illustrated by the drawings, which depict:

In FIG. 1 - general view of the "simulator-circle";

In FIG. 2 - view of the "simulator-circle" from the side of the handle.

The inventive "simulator-circle" is a (see Fig. 1, 2) made of plastic base (1) of round shape, on the side surface of which a hollow handle (2) is made, and on the front and back sides of the base (1) are made multidirectional arrows-recesses (3a, 3b, 3c), designed to enter lines or symbols (letters, numbers) into them by means of an easily erasable water marker.

The dimensions of this particular “circle simulator” indicated below are not signs narrowing the scope of legal protection, since they can change during its creation.

The outer diameter of the base (1) of the "simulator-circle" is 100-150 mm, and its thickness is 4-8 mm.

The handle (2) has a conical shape 80-100 mm long, with a diameter at the end of 20-25 mm and a wall thickness of 2-3 mm.

On the front and back sides of the base (1) of the “simulator-circle”, 16 (sixteen) arrows-recesses (3a, 3b, 3c) are made, directed from the center in different directions with the same angular intervals, in the form of the so-called 16- radiation "wind rose" (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Rose of winds).

Each arrow-recess (3a, 3b, 3c) is a quadrangle in the form of a convex deltoid (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deltoid) with an acute angle directed from the center of the base (1), and the ends of the arrow-recesses (3a, 3b, 3c) are on the same circle, at a distance of 2-4 mm from the outer edge of the base (1).

Depending on the location, the arrow-holes (3a, 3b, 3c) differ in three types:

a) the main arrows-recesses (3a) including two vertical and two horizontal arrows-recesses, indicating the main spatial directions (north, south, west, east);

b) the intermediate arrows-recesses (3b), which includes four diagonal arrows-recesses, which are located between the main arrows-recesses (3a) at an angle of 45 (forty-five) degrees and indicate intermediate directions (north-west, northeast , southwest, southeast);

c) additional arrows-recesses (3c) in the amount of eight pieces, located between the main and intermediate arrows-recesses (3a, 3b).

All arrows-recesses (3a, 3b, 3c) have the same depth of 1-2 mm, which does not prevent the removal of the lines or symbols inscribed in them by means of a sponge designed to erase water markers.

Arrows-recesses (3a, 3b, 3c) are separated from each other in the central part of the base (1) by jumpers, the width of which is 2-4 mm.

Thus, the design features of the arrow-recesses (3a, 3b, 3c), which are made below the main surface of the base (1), facilitate the process of inscribing lines and symbols in them for patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor, due to the fact that inscription of lines and symbols occurs strictly within the boundaries of the arrow-recesses (3a, 3b, 3c).

For the convenience of practicing patients with a “circle simulator”, a mark (4) is applied (for example, with dark paint) to the front side of the base (1), which can be made, for example, in the form of a circle.

For better perception by patients of the arrow-recesses (3a, 3b, 3c), they are highlighted in a color (for example, by means of paint) that differs from the color of the base (1) of the “circle simulator”.

Work with the "Circle simulator for group classes on the restoration and preventive training of spatial memory by the method of remembering directions" is carried out as follows.

Before starting classes, the specialist forms a group of two patients with approximately the same degree of spatial memory impairment.

In this case, one of the patients in the group is appointed by the specialist forming the task, and the other patient is performing the task.

Further, the patient, forming the task, holding the "simulator-circle" by the handle (2), writes straight lines or symbols (letters, numbers) into the arrow-holes (3a, 3b, 3c) of the front side of the base (1) with a water marker the amount and type of which is set by the specialist.

Inserting lines is a simpler task than inscribing characters.

After that, the “simulator-circle” is transferred to the patient performing the task, who, within a specified time interval (from 20 seconds or more), remembers the lines or symbols written in the recesses (3a, 3b, 3c) of the front side of the base (1).

Next, the patient performing the task turns the “simulator circle” with the face of the base (1) down and tries to reproduce from memory the lines or symbols that he remembered in the cell-recesses (3a, 3b, 3c) of the back side of the base (1).

In case of difficulties, the patient performing the task can briefly turn the “simulator-circle” face up and look at the lines or symbols inscribed in the cell-recesses (3a, 3b, 3c).

Verification of the correctness of the assignment is carried out by turning the "simulator-circle" and comparing the lines or symbols inscribed in the arrows-recesses (3a, 3b, 3c) of the front and back sides of the base (1).

If necessary, during the inspection, the turns of the "simulator-circle" can be carried out several times.

Further, all lines or symbols inscribed in the arrow-holes (3a, 3b, 3c) are deleted with a sponge to erase water markers, the patient forming the task and the patient performing the task change roles and the entire sequence of actions is repeated a number of times specified by the specialist.

Along with the method described above, group exercises can be carried out by another method, based on the simultaneous use of two “circle simulators”.

In this case, each patient, holding his “circle simulator” by the handle (2), inscribes lines or symbols in the recessed arrows (3a, 3b, 3c) of the front side of the base (1), after which both patients, during the time interval set by the specialist (from 20 seconds or more), lines or symbols inscribed by each other are stored.

Further, each of the patients tries to reproduce the memorized lines or symbols by inscribing them from memory in the arrow-holes (3a, 3b, 3c) of the back side of the base (1) of the used “circle simulator”.

Verification of the correctness of the tasks is carried out by comparing the lines or symbols located in the arrows-recesses (3a, 3b, 3c) on the front side of the "simulator-circle" of one patient and the reverse side of the "simulator-circle" of another patient.

After mastering the work with the "simulator-circle" under the guidance of a specialist, patients get the opportunity to conduct independent group exercises with him.

As patients achieve positive results in the restoration of spatial memory, tasks are complicated by:

a) an increase in the number of lines or characters inscribed in the arrow-recesses (3a, 3b, 3c) of the front side of the base (1);

b) reducing the time during which the memorization of lines or symbols entered inscribed arrows-recesses (3a, 3b, 3c).

Along with classes on the restoration of spatial memory, the "simulator-circle" can also be effectively used for preventive training of spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic, the main difference of which is an increase in the number of memorized lines or characters and a decrease in memorization time.

In addition, the "circle simulator" can be used in several other cases:

a) when conducting correctional and developmental classes with children with impaired formation of spatial memory;

 b) when conducting neurocognitive trainings with people of advanced and senile age;

c) as a developmental game aimed at the development and training of spatial memory in healthy children;

d) as a memory simulator for healthy people who want to improve spatial memory.

Thus, the “Circle simulator for group training in the restoration and preventive training of spatial memory using the method of remembering directions” due to its structural elements allows conducting group exercises for the restoration and preventive training of spatial memory with a wide contingent of patients in a neurological clinic, including patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor, without the use of additional elements in the form of work cards.

The claimed “circle simulator” introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes with patients, turning them into interesting and attractive psychological training for patients.

Claims (3)

1. Circle simulator for group training in the restoration and preventive training of spatial memory by storing directions, characterized in that it contains a plastic base of circular shape, on the side surface of which a hollow handle is made, and sixteen arrows-recesses are made on the front and back sides of the base, directed from the center in different directions with the same angular intervals, while the arrows-recesses differ in three types: the main arrows-recesses, including two vertical and two horizontal arrows-recesses, intermediate arrows-recesses, including four diagonal arrow-recesses, which are located between the main arrow-recesses at an angle of forty-five degrees and additional arrow-recesses in the amount of eight pieces, located between the main and intermediate arrows-recesses, while all arrows-recesses have the same depth, and a mark is applied to the front side of the base. 2. The circle simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the mark is made in the form of a circle. 3. The circle simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the recessed arrows are highlighted in a color different from the color of the base.

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