RO133303A2 - Process and technology for increasing the rooting efficiency of grafted seedlings - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for increasing the rooting efficiency of grafted seedlings, especially common walnut seedlings from the species Juglans regia, using the oxygen during perfected copulation grafting process in protected spaces. According to the invention, the method starts with the preparation of a forcing chamber, which is a hermetically closed enclosure of 250 m, equipped with a heating installation for ensuring a constant temperature ranging between 20...30°C, a sprinkling irrigation humidifying network equipped with micro-sprinkles for increasing the condensed relative humidity to 90...100%, a water-softener apparatus meant to ensure certain quality of water, an apparatus for oxygenating with bottled technical oxygen with maximum 24% concentration in the air, an air-oxygen measuring apparatus, the condensed relative humidity of air being kept constant at 100% and the temperature being maintained constant at 28°C, during the first 7 days from introducing the grafted seedling material into the forcing chamber, this chamber being not illuminated, after which the chamber is illuminated 7...8 hours per day, the forcing chamber being oxygenated by a distribution network formed of perforated copper pipes with nozzles connected to pressurized oxygen tubes, the grafted seedlings from the forcing chamber being arranged in plastic boxes of 50 pieces each, with moist sawdust fertilized with a fertilizer such as Topsin, in concentration of 0.15%, in the beginning the leafless seedlings being only consumers of oxygen, such that, for avoiding the explosion hazard, the pressure, time, volume, and oxygen concentration in the chamber must be permanently controlled by means of an oxygen sensor, the seedlings being kept in the forcing chamber for 14...21 days, depending on their degree of evolution.

Description

PROCESS FOR TECHNOLOGY FOR INCREASING THE BROADCASTING EFFECT OF GROWTH ALTERNATES1

The invention relates to a process and a technology for using oxygen during the grafting process in improved copulation, in protected space, in order to increase the grafting success rate.

Glossary of terms

- Altoire in enhanced copulation: it is realized by performing oblique sections, both the graft and the rootstock, and on the two oblique sections a tongue is made "in wood with the help of the knife. These "tongues" must be equal in length and represent 1/3 of the length of the oblique cut. They must be in the middle third of each section. After performing these operations, the two partners are executed, bonding with plasticized raffia and paraffinizing the gravel and the incised area.

- Pre-drilling process: before grafting the rootstocks are pre-drilled for 10-15 days, and the graft branches 3-4 days. Pre-drilling is carried out in a room, in sawdust or wet brush, at a temperature of 26 - 28 ° C and the relative humidity of the air of 80-90%.

- Cambial tissue: Vegetable tissue from the generating area, which ensures secondary growth in stem and root thickness.

- Calus: Vegetable tissue born from the injury of different organs of the plant, which heals the wound.

- Calusare: Formation of the handguard.

Although the process was applied to different fruit trees, which was found to significantly increase both the success rate of grafting and the increase of production, yet the most significant results were obtained in walnut. In the current practice, by the method of grafting in improved copulation, in protected space, of the walnut rootstocks of the species Junglans Regia, common walnut seedlings (Junglas Regia) aged 1 - 2 years, healthy, well developed, with system are used. unharmed root and thickness at the grafting point between 10-20 mm. The optimum period, with the highest catch rate, is from February to March.

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For burial at the table, the rootstocks are subjected to a pre-fabrication process for 10-15 days. Trees that are one year branches, 50-80 cm long, with well-developed buds, cylindrical in shape, with a reduced marrow, are subjected to the pre-drilling process for 3-4 days. The pre-drilling aims to reactivate the cambial tissues and is carried out in a room, in sawdust or wet brush, at a temperature of 26 ° C 28 ° C, relative humidity of the air between 80 - 90%. In manual grafting, using the improved copulation method, the joining of the two partners must be done quickly to avoid oxidation of the sections, and the generating areas overlap as accurately as possible. Grape branches with 2 buds are used. The grafted material is stratified in boxes with wet sawdust or brush and kept at a temperature between 26 ° C - 28 ° C, relative humidity of the air between 80 - 90%, for 15 - 20 days, until the grafting area is dialed. After forcing, the grafted material and the calcined material are kept in cool rooms at 1-4 ° C, until the danger of late mists has passed and they can be planted in field I (first) of the nursery. Lowering the temperature, while keeping below 0 ° C, causes the handheld to be destroyed, and raising the temperature to over 5 ° C, favors the emergence and development of cryptogamic diseases.

The invention is known CN105660197 which has a method of grafting walnuts. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a walnut that is 20 cm or less away from the ground as a grafting stock, selecting a walnut branch that has 1-2 complete axillary buds and is in full development, high quality, smooth branch , healthy and lignified or semi-lignified suitable for grafting; it follows the drilling of a conical hole in the joint by means of a special conical drill, the cutting of the tip joint in a conical joint, suitable with the joint hole, the proper insertion in the conical hole, by fixing the parts using a stainless steel screw and tying the assembly with a tape. plastic.

Also known is the invention CN102405774 which relates to a method of rectangular grafting of the walnut bud, which comprises the following steps: (A) choosing the grafting period; (B) collection and storage of shoots; (C) grafting; (D) post-graft care; step (C) comprises the following operations: (1) parental stock selection; (2) the prevalence of buds on shoots; (3) altar; and (4) attaching the assembly to a tape. The walnut that is grafted by this method has a high survival rate and a fast growth rate, is comfortable for re-grafting, has a 2017 00888

31/10/2017 low cost of grafting, and also has the advantage of a short period of fruiting, high productivity and the possibility of applying to a wide variety of walnuts.

Although both methods have the advantages of simplicity, of the comfort in operation, the firmness of the joint joints, however when presenting the graft survival rate they have the major disadvantage that they do not provide data regarding the increase of the success rate, which, although presented as superior, results from research. that, in walnut gravel, does not exceed 30%.

Also known is the invention CN106489545, which presents a Naidong technique with two grafting sides, being characterized in that it comprises the stages of rooting, junction and transplantation, the technique solving the problem of lack of resources that influence the development of the tea flower culture using the tree. Naidong as a female parent to bury tea flowers. The invention is suitable for the application of tea flower culture in the northern regions. It has the disadvantage that it does not refer to the increase in the percentage of graft success.

There are also other inventions related to grafting, the vast majority of them referring either to finding rootstocks to increase the resistance of some crop plants, whether they refer to grafting directly in the field or grafting in protected areas; In the protected spaces, the known methods take into account the quality of the material subject to grafting, the proper heating of the air, the watering, the lighting, the protection of diseases and parasites and the fertilizer used.

None of these inventions make any reference to the use in general of any gas and, in particular, to the use of oxygen to increase both the percentage of graft success and production.

The technical problems that this invention solves are:

a) elimination of the pre-drilling stage,

b) increasing the yield of catching and survival of the fruit tree seedlings in general and especially in the grafted walnut trees of the species Juglans Regia,

c) shortening the time when rootstocks and gravels are suitable for grafting itself.

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The process for increasing the yield of grafted seedlings fixes the technical problem stated, by using a technology to raise and maintain the oxygen concentration in the forcing chamber.

The advantages of this invention consist in: a) increasing the yield of catching and survival of the fruit tree seedlings in general; especially in the grafted walnut trees of the species of Juglans Regia an increase of up to 90% of the catching yield was obtained; b) consequently decrease the expenses related to the grafting procedure; c) speeding up the production of healthy grafted shoots, thus speeding up the occupation of the cultivated areas / orchards with fruit trees; d) the concomitant increase of the profitability of the crop with grafted fruit trees by applying the invention, for the grafted walnut trees of the species of Juglans Regia obtaining a three-fold increase of this indicator.

Following the application research activity, for the 14 days immediately following the grafting of walnut seedlings of the species Juglans Regia, the following data were obtained, which are constituted in advantages:

Compared to the classical forcing chamber, which is not additionally oxygenated, applying the process in controlled environment with increasing oxygen percentage in the forcing chamber, the following takes place:

1. In the classical procedure, the pre-drilling phase lasts for rootstocks 10-15 days, and for grains 3-4 days. By applying the invention, the pre-drilling phase is eliminated;

2. In the classical procedure, the growth of shoots on the graft branch is rare. By applying the invention, the growth of shoots on the graft branch is over 10;

3. In the classical procedure, the rail is not formed at the tip of the graft branch. By applying the invention, the handpiece is also formed at the tip of the graft branch;

4. In the classical procedure, no new capillaries are formed at the roots. By applying the invention, the growth of new capillaries at roots is visible;

5. In the classical procedure the shoots grow on the rootstocks up to 5 cm. By applying the invention, the shoots grow on the rootstocks up to 20 cm;

6. In the classical procedure the volume of callus at the grafting point is only in formation. By applying the invention, the volume of callus at the grafting point is visibly higher after 14 days;

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7. In the classical procedure the shoots attacked by bacteria are cut and no new buds are formed. By applying the invention, after cutting off the shoots attacked by bacteria, on the remaining segment of the shoot are formed buds that start in vegetation in 5 days, they have an increase of even 2 cm. According to the invention, in the case of attacking again the shoots sprouted from the new shoots, that is to say those raised in 5 days, the process of cutting the sick shoots is repeated, generating again the growth of new shoots in a very short time, for a few days. It differs much faster from the new bud;

8. In the classical procedure, the buds are not activated by sleeping and backup. By applying the invention, simultaneously, on a grafting branch there are main buds, sleeping buds and spare buds; If for various reasons the main bud is not activated, for example due to frost, the sleeping and reserve ones are activated.

The invention also refers to the following figures which represent:

- figure 1 - Growth of shoots on graft branch to over 10 cm;

- figure 2 - Formation of the guide and at the tip of the graft branch;

- figure 3 - Increase of shoots on the rootstocks up to 20 cm;

- figure 4 - The volume of callus at the grafting point is visibly higher after 14 days;

- figure 5 - The volume of callus at the grafting point, in case of bacterial attack, again, the shoots sprouted from the new shoots (those raised in 5 days), after the process of cutting the sick shoots, generating again the growth of new shoots. in a very short time (days). It differs from the new buds.

FIG. 6 and 7 - Presentation of a grafting branch that highlights main buds, sleeping buds and spare buds; If for various reasons the main buds are not activated, the sleeping and reserve ones are activated.

According to the invention, in order to increase the yield of catching and surviving the fruit tree seedlings in general and in particular to the grafted walnut trees of the species Juglans Regia, in order to shorten the time when the rootstocks and gravels are suitable for the actual grafting, the process to increase the yield of grafted seedlings, it uses a technology to raise and maintain the oxygen concentration in the forcing chamber.

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The technology for lifting and maintaining the oxygen concentration in the forcing chamber comprises the following steps:

Step 1: In advance, the following preparations will be made:

a) The forcing chamber shall be endowed with the following equipments and installations themselves known:

- Heating system to ensure constant temperature.

- Humidification network with the role of raising the relative and condensed humidity.

- Water softener for water quality assurance.

- Oxygenation plant with bottled technical oxygen - maximum 24% concentration in air.

- Oxygen measuring device in air.

The dimensions and shape of the enclosure are determined by each nurseryman.

b. The relative condensed humidity of the air will be kept constant at 100%.

c. The air temperature will be kept constant at 28 ° C.

d. within the first 7 days after the introduction of the grafted seeding material into the compulsion chamber, it will not be illuminated. After 7 days, the illumination is done for 7-8 hours / day.

Stage 2: The forcing room is being prepared, which is a hermetically sealed room of approximately 250 cubic meters. To ensure and maintain a constant temperature, heaters are used, for example, air heaters, which can provide the temperature between 20-30 ° C. Install a sprinkler humidification network, equipped with micro sprinklers, to raise the relative humidity condensed to 90-100%. For the quality of the water with which the humidity is carried out in the forcing chamber, a softener is installed. An oxygenation system of the forcing chamber is installed through a distribution network consisting of copper nozzles perforated with nozzles, connected to the pressurized oxygen tubes.

Step 3: Insert the grafted seedling into the forcing chamber, the seedlings being placed 50 pieces in plastic crates with wet sawdust fertilized with a fertilizer, for example Topsin in a concentration of 0.15%; the brood does not have leaves, being in vegetative rest; to provide the necessary oxygen in the room taking into account the cubicle of the forcing chamber in order to be able to determine the pressure, the necessary time, the volume and the concentration of oxygen that is introduced into the forcing chamber; these parameters being controlled to limit the oxygen concentration in the room to 2017 00888

31/10/2017 // maximum 24%, otherwise there is the danger of explosion. under normal conditions in an airy room the oxygen concentration is 20.9% - 21.0%; due to the consumption of oxygen by the brood, the oxygen concentration can decrease up to 18%, leading to a slowing down of the calibration process and implicitly to a decrease in the catch rate. An air oxygen measuring device is used to check the oxygen level in the room; by introducing this technology ensuring optimum oxygenation of the room.

Stage 4 For the correct development of the seeding material after the grafting, in the first week after the grafting material is introduced into the forcing chamber, it does not light up. After the first week, the lighting is done for 7-8 hours / day; the retention time of the brood in the forcing room is between 14 and 21 days, depending on the degree of evolution.

Following the application of this method, a significant increase in the yield of yield (calusage) is noted, for fruit tree seedlings and especially in walnut seedlings of the species of Juglans Regia, where the calusage yield reaches 95%, if the young is not attacked by bacteria;

Bibliography

- Patent CN105660197

- Patent CN102405774

- Patent CN106489545 to 2017 00888

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Claims (2)

claims 1. Process for increasing the yield of grafted seedlings, characterized in that, in order to increase the yield of grafting and survival of fruit trees in general and in particular to grafted walnuts of the species Juglans Regia and in order to shorten the time in which the rootstocks and gravels are suitable for the grafting itself, it uses a technology to raise and maintain the oxygen concentration in the forcing chamber. 2. Technology for lifting and maintaining the oxygen concentration in the forcing chamber, according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: Step 1: in advance, the following preparations will be made: a) The forcing chamber will be equipped mandatory with the following equipment and installations known per se: a heating system to ensure constant temperature, a humidification network with the role of raising the relative and condensed humidity, a softener to ensure water quality; an oxygenation plant with bottled technical oxygen - maximum 24% air concentration, an oxygen measuring device in the air. The dimensions and shape of the enclosure are determined by each nurseryman; b) The relative condensed humidity of the air will be kept constant at 100%; c) The air temperature will be kept constant at 28 ° C; d) within the first 7 days after the introduction of the grafted seedlings into the forcing chamber, it will not be illuminated. After 7 days, the illumination is done for 7-8 hours / day. Step 2: Prepare the forcing chamber, which is a hermetically sealed room, approximately 250 cubic meters; for ensuring and maintaining a constant temperature by using heaters, for example, air heaters, which can ensure the temperature between 20-30 ° C; install a sprinkler humidification network, equipped with micro sprinklers, to raise the relative humidity condensed to 90-100%; for the quality of the water with which the humidity is carried out in the forcing chamber, a softener is installed; a system of oxygenation of the forcing chamber is installed through a distribution network consisting of perforated copper pipes, with nozzles, connected to the pressure oxygen tubes; Step 3: Insert the /? to 2017 00888 31/10/2017 0 grafted in the forcing chamber, the seedlings being placed 50 pieces in plastic crates with wet sawdust fertilized with a fertilizer, for example Topsin in a concentration of 0.15%; the young does not have leaves, being in vegetative rest, being only consuming oxygen; In order to provide the necessary oxygen in the room, the compartment of the forced chamber is taken into account in order to determine the pressure, the necessary time, the volume and the concentration of oxygen that is introduced into this chamber; these parameters being controlled to limit the oxygen concentration in the room to a maximum of 24%, otherwise the danger of explosion; for checking the optimum oxygen level in the room using an oxygen measuring device; Stage 4 For the correct development of the seeding material after the grafting, in the first week the forcing chamber is not lit in which the grafted material is introduced; after the first week, the lighting is done for 7-8 hours / day; the retention time of the brood in the forcing room is between 14 and 21 days, depending on the degree of evolution.