PT90894B - Processo de producao de graos de esmeril revestidos e processo de producao de corpos de desbaste ou corte contendo os ditos graos - Google Patents

Processo de producao de graos de esmeril revestidos e processo de producao de corpos de desbaste ou corte contendo os ditos graos Download PDF

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PT90894B
PT90894B PT90894A PT9089489A PT90894B PT 90894 B PT90894 B PT 90894B PT 90894 A PT90894 A PT 90894A PT 9089489 A PT9089489 A PT 9089489A PT 90894 B PT90894 B PT 90894B
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grains
metal oxide
production
emery
weight
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PT90894A
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PT90894A (pt
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Reiner Kunz
Rainer Dietrich
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Lonza Ag
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Description

presente invento refere-se ao processo de produção de grãos de esmeril à base de carboneto de silício com um revestimento isento de ligante constituído por óxido de silício, alumínio ou titânio altamente disperso e ao processo de produção de corpos de desbaste ou de corte obtidos a partir de misturas dos ditos grãos de esmeril com ligantes à base de resinas sintéticas ou cerâmicas.
391
L.P. 1418
-2- r
MEMÓRIA DESCRITIVA
O presente invento refere-se a um processo de produção de grãos de esmeril à base de carboneto de silício com tratamento s_u perficial e ao processo de produção de discos de esmerilar obtidos a partir de misturas dos ditos grãos de esmeril com ligantes à base de resinas sintéticas ou cerâmicas.
carboneto de silício é um dos mais importantes abrasivos e utiliza-se em especial para desbastar e cortar materiais duros e quebradiços. Pode utilizar-se tanto como material solto como aplicado sobre uma base ou incorporado num corpo como ê o caso dos discos de desbastar e discos de corte. A capacidade de desbaste e em especial as condições de desbaste ou o tempo de vida dos corpos de desbaste depende não sé das proprie dades do grão de esmeril mas também, e em grande medida do tipo e resistência da ligação do grão de esmeril ao material ligante. Em especial no caso de abrasivos feitos com ligante à base de resina sintética, a adesão do grão de carboneto de silício ao ligante é em regra a grandeza determinante da capacidade de trabalho e do desgaste. Por esse motivo foram já efectuadas inúmeras experiências no sentido de, por meio de um tra tamento adequado, melhorar a ligação da superfície lisa dos grãos de carboneto de silício.
Um processo muitas vezes empregue consiste em dar uma cobertura cerâmica ao grão, que o recobre como um vidrado. Um destes percursos encontra-se, por exemplo, descrito na patente US-P5 1 910 444. Se o revestimento contiver um material difí_ cil de fundir, em partículas de tamanho muito inferior ao do grão de esmeril obtêm-se um revestimento rugoso, como por exsm pio o descrito na patente US-PS 2 527 044.
Todos estes processos têm no entanto inconvenientes consideráveis. Exigem a realização de vários passos de processamejn to entre os quais uma ustulação ou sinterização e são portanto morosos e dispendiosos em termos de energia. Além disso formam-se aglomerados, por aglutinação a quente dos grãos, que têm que ser retirados por crivagem ou desfeitos mecanicamente, perdendo-se nesta operação o revestimento aplicado sobre os grãos. Abaixo de um determinado tamanho do grão a aglomeração r
BAD ORIGINAL
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L.P. 1416
-3dos gràos dá-se a um ponto tal que o processo deixa de ser uti. lizável.
Em corpos de esmerilar ligados por meio de cerâmica não é possível a utilização de grãos de esmeril revestidos a cerâmica, porquanto ao cozer o corpo de esmeril a cerca de 1150 a 1400°C o ligante do recobrimento volta a fundir e juntamente com o material fino aplicado (por exemplo FegOg) penetra na mas sa cerâmica podendo aí provocar reacções inconvenientes que, por exemplo, dão lugar à formação de poros ou variações de coloração. Além disso o ligante, quando o corpo de desbaste está a ser utilizado, especialmente quando em desbaste a seco, pode amolecer por efeito do calor libertado resultando daí que os gràos abrasivos se soltem.
Constituí assim o objectivo do presente invento desenvolver um processo de tratamento superficial dos grãos abrasivos a base de carboneto de silício que permite que estes se liguem mais seguramente à massa do ligante cerâmico ou de resina sintética sem que se verifiquem os inconveniente atrás referidos.
Surpreendentemente verificou-se que de acordo com o presen te invento, o objectivo proposto se atinge recobrindo os gràos de esmeril com um óxido metálico hidrófilo altamente disperso sem que se tenha que utilizar um ligante adicional. 0 grão abrasivo de carboneto de sílico pode ter um tamanho que se enquadre na gama macro ou micro de acordo com as normas EEPA. Com o óxido metálico hidrófilo, altamente disperso pode utilizar-se o dióxido de silico como, por exemplo, o ^erosi/ , o óxido de alumínio ou o óxido de titânio, isolados ou misturados. 0 óxido metálico hidrófilo altamente disperso é aplicado numa proporção de 0,01 a 5a de preferência de 0,1 a l,0> em relação ao peso dos grãos de esmeril. A dimensão das partículas primárias (Valor d_Q) do óxido metálico altamente disperso situa-se de preferência entre 1 e 500 nm sendo mais preferível que este valor se encontre entre 5 e 50 nm e que a superfície específi2 ca (segundo BET) se encontre entre 5 e 500 m /g, preferivel2 mente entre 50 e 400 m /g.
A aplicação do óxido metálico hidrófilo, altamente disper r ''rç
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-430, sobre o grão de esmeril faz-se com vantagem misturando os grãos de esmeril com o óxido metálico hidrófilo altamente dis perso, a seco ou numa suspensão do óxido metálico hidrófilo altamente disperso num fluído evaporável com secagem subsequen te. Com o fluído evaporável utiliza-se de preferência a água, mas podem também utilizar-se outros fluídos polares ou não polares como os alcoóis de baixo peso molecular, cetonas, ésteres, éter ou hidrocarbonetos ou misturas dos mesmos. A mistura efectua-se de preferência a seco. 0 misturador é de preferência do tipo de queda livre como, por exemplo, um misturador de tambor ou de cone duplo ou também do tipo rotativo com meca nismo misturador equipado com pás.
grão de esmeril produzido de acordo com o presente inven to utiliza-se de preferência no fabrico de discos de desbaste ou discos de corte com ligantes à base de resinas sintéticas ou cerâmicos.
Obviamente encontram-se abrangidos pelo presente invento os grãos de esmeril combinados com outros grãos diferentes, com o mesmo efeito, que se destinem ao fabrico de corpos de desgaste, em especial grãos de diamante ou de nitreto de boro cúbicos .
grão de carboneto de silício tratado de acordo com o presente invento pode servir de grão de suporte na zona de desbaste do corpo de desbaste em si como também pode actuar com o reforço e facilitar a evacuação do calor do referido cor po de desbaste.
Os exemplos a seguir descritos esclarecem as formas de concretização do invento e as propriedades do grão de esmeril de acordo com o presente invento.
exemplo i
Dividiu-se a meio uma amostra de carboneto de sílico (Car bograu escuro E 24, da LONZA-Vverke Ombli, V/aldshut) e tratou-se uma das metades, de acordo com o presente invento, com 0,5% em peso de AlgO^ hidrófilo (dimensão das partículas primárias dgQ = 20 nm, superfície especifica (BET) = 100 + 15 m2/
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-5/g) misturando a seco num misturador de queda livre. Com esta amostra de gràos produziram-se discos de corte sob condiçbes de fabrico constantes, como a seguir se descreve.
Os materiais de partida /”73% em peso de grãos, 13% em peso de carga (Criolite), 14% em peso de resina fenólica em pó e fluídoJ foram misturados adicionando-se ao mesmo tempo a componente fluída da resina fenólica formando-se uma massa homogénea, fluente que em seguida foi prensada num molde a uma pressão de 200 kg/cm2, entre duas camadas de tecido dispostas nos lados exteriores. Endureceram-se os discos num for no a 190°C, da forma usual.
A capacidade de desbaste foi avaliada com o auxílio de uma máquina vulgar, em barras de betão vibrado, com uma secção de 80 x 60 mm. Para o efeito efectuaram-se por cada disco 5 cortes avaliando-se a capacidade dos discos pela redução do diâmetro dos mesmos, (em mm) consequente do trabalho efectuado. Os resultados encontram-se condensados na Tabela 1.
TABELA 1
DimensOes do disco 230 x 2,5 x 22 mm
Barras de betão 80 x 60 mm cortes
R TI
Garbogran i 24 tratado não tratado
Velocidade média de
corte (m/s) 160 165
Peso específico médio
do disco (g/cm^) 2,07 2,01
Redução de diâmetro (mm) 11 14
10 13
13 17
Redução média do diâmetro 11,3 14,7
.cactor de capacidade de rela-
t iva 123% 100%
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-6EXEMBLO 2 λ semelhança do Exemplo 1 produziram-se discos de corte da seguinte forma:
Composição dos discos: 78% em peso de grãos abrasivos,
8% em peso de carga (Criolite), 14% em peso de resina fenólica em pó e respectivo fluído.
Os resultados dos ensaios encontram-se condensados na Tabela 2.
TABELA 2
Dimensbes dos discos 230 x 3 x 22 mm
Barras de betão 80 x 60 mm cortes
Garbogran E 24 tratado não tratado
Peso específico do
*2 disco (g/cm ) 2,10 2,13
Redução do diâmetro (mm) 20 26
19 24
21 25
Valor médio (mm) 20 25
Pactor de capacidade
relat iva 120% 100%
EXEMPLO 5
Dividiu-se uma amostra de carboneto de silício (Oarbogran de Grotthardwerke Bodio; dimensão dos grãos 0,4 a 1 mm) em quatro partes.
Uma parte da amostra foi misturada sem tratamento para funcionar com o padrão.
As restantes três partes foram tratadas de acordo com o invento, respectivamente com:
'ΒΑΟΟΒΙθΙ^'ν
V- -
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-720 nm) superfí21 nm) superfície nm) superfície queda livre roa) 0,5% em peso de AlgO^ hidrófilo ^d50 cie específica (BET) = 100 + 15 m^/g
b) 0,5% em peso de TiOg hidrófilo (d^Q = específica (BET) =50+15 m^/g
c) 0,5% em peso de BiOg hidrófilo (d^Q = específica (BET) = 380 + 30 m^/g efectuando-se a mistura num misturador de tativo.
resto do processamento efectuou-se como para o Exemplo 1.
0s resultados encontram-se condensados na se descreveu
Tabela 3.
TABELA 5
DimensOes do disco Barras de betão 5 cortes
230 x 2,5 x 22 mm 80 x 60 mm p
Carbogran 0,4 a 1 mm não tratado 0,5% AlgO^ 0,5% TiOg 0,5% BiO
Velocidade de corte (m/s) 163,!
Peso específico do disco (g/cm ) 2,04
Redução do diâmetro (mm) 10
Factor de capacidade relat iva 1007c
EXEMPLO 4 (Comparativo)
Dividiu-se a meio uma amostr silício (Carbogran K B‘ 24 da LONZ
164,9 163,9 165
2,02 2,04 2 ,02
8,3 8,3 8,3
117%· 117% 117%
de grãos de Werke GmbH, carboneto de waldshut) e
recobriu-se uma das metades da amostra com material cerâmico de acordo com as técnicas conhecidas.
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-8150 kg de carboneto de sílicio F 24 900 cm^ de silicato de sódio (Tipo 37/40 = 1,35 g/
Composição da firma Van Baerle + Co., d /cm )
1000 cm^ de água
1600 g de óxido de ferro (Bayferrox 180, da firma Bayer)
800 g de fiita de vidragem (Tipo A 8962 p da firma Reimbold + Strick)
Misturou-se a frita de vidragem com água e o silicato de sódio obtendo-se uma suspensão homogénea. Dispersaram-se os grãos de esmeril na suspensão anterior com o auxílio de um.tam bor misturador e adicionou-se o óxido de ferro em quatro porções procedendo-se em seguida à homogeneização da mistura durante cerca de 10 a 15 minutos, no misturador. 0 recobrimento assim obtido, constituído por óxido de ferro e ligante foi seco e sihterizado num forno rotativo tubular a 740°0 com um tem po de permanência no forno de 10 a 15 minutos.
A produção dos discos e os respectivos testes forma efectuados como se descreveu para o exemplo 1.
0s resultados dos ensaios encontram-se condensados na Tabela 4 (valores médios).
TAEELA 4
Dimensões dos discos Barras de betão 5 cortes
230 x 2,5 x 22 mm 80 x 60 mm
Oarbogran K ±( 24 itevestido a
cerâmica não tratado
Feso específico do
disco (g/cm°) 2,04 2,02
Velocidade de corte
(m/s) 166,2 164,4
Redução do diâmetro (mm)
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-9ReduçSo média (mm)
Factor de capacidade relativa
12,3
118%
15,0
100%
391
L.P. 1418
-10REIVINDICAÇÕES

Claims (6)

  1. REIVINDICAÇÕES
    1 - Processo de produção de grãos de esmeril a base de carboneto de silício, caracterizado por os grãos de carboneto de silício serem misturados a seco com o óxido metálico hidrófilo, altamente disperso que vai constituir o seu revestimento, o qual vai representar 0,01 a 5,00% em peso dos grãos de esmeril, pertencendo o dito óxido metálico ao grupo constituído por dióxido de silício, óxido de alumínio e óxido de titânio.
  2. 2 - Processo de produção de grãos de esmeril à base de carboneto de silício, caracterizado por os grãos de carboneto de silício serem revestidos por meio de mistura com uma suspensão de um óxido metálico hidrófilo altamente disperso num fluido evaporável seguida de uma operação de secagem, representando o revestimento 0,01 a 5,00% em peso dos grãos de esmeril e pertencendo o dito óxido metálico ao grupo constituído por dióxido de silício, óxido de alumínio e óxido de titSnio.
  3. 3 - Processo de acordo com a reivindicação 1 ou 2, caracterizado por o óxido metálico hidrófilo altamente disperso se encontar presente numa percentagem em peso de 0,1 a 1,0% em relação ao peso dos grãos de esmeril.
  4. 4 - Processo de acordo com a reivindicação 1, 2 ou 3, caracterizado por o óxido metálico, hidrófilo, altamente disperso ter uma dimensão de partículas primárias de 1 a 500 nm na escala d5Q e uma superfície especifica de 5 a 500 m /g BET.
  5. 5 - Processo de acordo com a reivindicação 1, 2 ou 3, caracterizado por o óxido metálico hidrófilo altamente disperso ter uma dimensão de partículas primárias de 5 a 50 nm na escala d^Q e uma superfície especifica de 50 a 400 m /g BET.
  6. 6 - Processo de produção de corpos de desbaste ou corte, caracterizado por os ditos corpos de desbaste ou corte serem obtidos a partir da mistura de grãos de esmeril produzidos pelo processo da reivindicação 1 ou 2 com ligantes à base de resinas sintéticas.
    69 391
    L.P. 1418
    -117 - Processo de produção de corpos de desbaste ou corte, caracterizado por os ditos corpos de desbaste ou corte serem obtidos a partir da mistura de grãos de esmeril produzidos pelo processo da reivindicação 1 ou 2 com ligantes cerâmicos.
    Lisboa,
PT90894A 1988-06-17 1989-06-16 Processo de producao de graos de esmeril revestidos e processo de producao de corpos de desbaste ou corte contendo os ditos graos PT90894B (pt)

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PT90894B true PT90894B (pt) 1995-01-31

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EP (1) EP0346832B1 (pt)
JP (1) JPH0234685A (pt)
AT (1) ATE81116T1 (pt)
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CH (1) CH675250A5 (pt)
DE (1) DE58902354D1 (pt)
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NO (1) NO892434L (pt)
PT (1) PT90894B (pt)
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US5009675A (en) 1991-04-23
NO892434L (no) 1989-12-18
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CH675250A5 (pt) 1990-09-14
ATE81116T1 (de) 1992-10-15
EP0346832B1 (de) 1992-09-30
JPH0234685A (ja) 1990-02-05
BR8902916A (pt) 1990-02-06
ES2035440T3 (es) 1993-04-16
PT90894A (pt) 1989-12-29
DE58902354D1 (de) 1992-11-05
EP0346832A2 (de) 1989-12-20

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