JP5110600B2 - 固定研磨工具及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
固定研磨工具及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5110600B2 JP5110600B2 JP2008533361A JP2008533361A JP5110600B2 JP 5110600 B2 JP5110600 B2 JP 5110600B2 JP 2008533361 A JP2008533361 A JP 2008533361A JP 2008533361 A JP2008533361 A JP 2008533361A JP 5110600 B2 JP5110600 B2 JP 5110600B2
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0009—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using moulds or presses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/256—Heavy metal or aluminum or compound thereof
- Y10T428/257—Iron oxide or aluminum oxide
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Description
i)制御された供給速度で砥粒及び接合材を回転仮焼窯に供給する工程;
ii)制御された速度で窯を回転させる工程;
iii)供給速度及び窯の回転速度により決定される加熱速度で、約80℃〜約1,300℃の範囲の温度に混合物を加熱する工程;
iv)窯中で、接合材が砥粒に接着し、そして複数の砥粒が一緒に付着して焼結された凝集状の顆粒が形成されるまで、砥粒及び接合材をタンブリングさせる工程;及び
v)窯から、焼結した凝集状の顆粒を回収する工程。好ましくは、焼結した凝集状の顆粒は、約1.6g/ccもしくはそれ以下の低充填密度を有する。
繊維状のゾル−ゲル砥粒の凝集物と凝集した砥粒顆粒の種々の組合せを表1に示すように調製し、実験用研磨ホイールの作製に供した。ここで「TG2」とは、マサチュセッツ州ウオーセスターにあるセイント−ゴバイン アブレイシブズ社から購入した繊維状のシーディングされたゾル−ゲルアルミナ砥粒の一例を表す。同社から入手できるノートン(登録商品名)38Aという名称の溶融アルミナ砥粒を、凝集した砥粒顆粒(以下「38A」と記載)として使用した。
b)3重量%の接合材C中の、60メッシュサイズの38Aの凝集物(38A−60)。
供給原料b)は60メッシュサイズの融解アルミナ38A砥粒(38A−60)の凝集物を含有する。各供給原料に対して、3重量%の接合材Cを接合材として使用した。キルン(窯)を1150℃で操作したこと以外は米国特許第6679758号の実施例5に記載の方法に従い、凝集物a)及びb)は、回転キルン(窯)内で調製した。図は、3重量%の接合材Cで凝集した75重量%のTG2及び25重量%の38A−120の混合物の凝集物a)の走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)写真を示す。図示されるように、38A−120の微粒子が結果として繊維状のTG2砥粒の良好な砥粒被覆となっている。その結果、表1に示すように、凝集物a)とb)の混合比を変えることによって、本発明の4種の異なる砥粒混合物を得た。
A.弾性係数(Emod)
Emod(弾性係数)に関するすべてのデータは、1968年発行、ペルガモンプレス社のAdvances in Machine Tool Design and Researchに掲載のJ.Peters著、「Sonic Testing of Grinding Wheels」に記載の方法に従い、Grindosonic machineで測定した。
破壊係数は、実施例1の試料(20)〜(27)のバーを用いて、Instron(登録製品名)モデルMST1125自動試験装置により、支持間隔3インチ、幅荷重1インチ、毎分0.05インチの押出ヘッド速度の荷重速度で4点曲げジグを用いて測定した。試料が破壊するまで試料に力を加え、破壊点における力を記録することにより測定した。結果を上記の表2に示す。表2に示すように、凝集した砥粒の研磨ホイール(24)は全体的に、スタンダードの生成物(25)、(26)及び(27)に極めて類似した破壊係数を示した。全体的に、これらの製品の破壊係数よりも低い破壊係数が、凝集した砥粒−TG2製品(20)〜(23)で観察された(表2参照)。凝集した砥粒−TG2研磨ホイール(23)を除き、凝集した砥粒−TG2研磨ホイール(20)〜(22)のMOR(破壊係数)データは、スタンダードの研磨ホイール(25)、(26)及び(27)の破壊係数データよりも比較的低く、一方それらのデータは38A−60の凝集を用いた従来の凝集した砥粒研磨ホイールで測定した13〜16MPaの破壊係数と比べて比較的高かった(国際公開第03/086703号の表6−2参照)。すなわち、凝集した砥粒−TG2研磨ホイール(20)〜(23)の破壊係数データは、以下の実施例3に示すように、研削操作に必要となる機械的な力が得られることを示す。
機械的強度を測定することにより、ある複合物質が研削操作において固定研磨工具として使用し得るか否かが解析できる。ガラス化研磨ホイールの場合、あるコンポジット試験バーの機械的強度(破壊係数)と、それと同一のコポジットの破損を引き起こす回転引張応力との相関関係を用いる。その結果、試験バーで測定された破壊係数を基にして、試験バーと同一の組成を用いて同一の行程で作製した研磨ホイールの破裂速度の迅速で正確な評価を行うことができる。
実施例1の凝集した砥粒−TG2研磨ホイール(20〜23)を、クリープフィード研削操作における使用に推薦されている比較用の市販の研磨ホイール(25)、(26)及び(27)との比較において、クリープフィード研削操作に関して試験した。凝集した砥粒研磨ホイール(24)(実験室試料)及びマサチュセッツ州ウオーセスターのセイント−ゴベイン アブレイシブズ社から購入した凝集した砥粒研磨ホイール(29)もまたコントロールの研磨ホイールとして試験した。
ii)低い燃焼感受性、及び
iii)低いドレス補償。
i)器具:ハウニ−ブローム プロフィマット410、
ii)方式:ウエッジ クリープフィード研削、
iii)研磨ホイールの速度:毎分5500表面フィート(28m/秒)、
iv)テーブル速度:毎分5インチ〜17.5インチ(12.7−44.4cm/分)まで変動、
v)冷却液:脱イオン水で10%に調製したマスター−ケミカル トリム E210200、72ガロン/分(272リットル/分)、
vi)ワークピース材料:Inconel718(42HRc)、
vii)ドレス様式:回転ダイヤモンド、連続式、
viii)ドレス補償:10、20若しくは60μインチ/rev(0.25、0.5若しくは1.5μm/rev)、
ix)速度比:+0.8。
i)機械:ハウニ−ブローム プロフィマット410、
ii)様式:スロット クリープフィード研削、
iii)研磨ホイール速度:毎分5500表面フィート(28m/秒)、
iv)テーブル速度:毎分5インチ〜17.5インチ(12.7−44.4cm/分)まで変動、
v)冷却液:脱イオン水で10%濃度に調製したマスター−ケミカル トリム E210200、72ガロン/分(272リットル/分)、
vi)ワークピース材料:Inconel718(42HRc)、
vii)ドレス様式:回転ダイヤモンド、連続式、
viii)ドレス補償:15μインチ/rev、
ix)速度比:+0.8。
20μインチ/revのドレッシング速度及び切断ウエッジの最初の深さ0.01インチにおける、試験研磨ホイール(20)〜(27)の最大研削速度(MRR)及び特異的研削エネルギーを表3に示す。損傷が起こる前、スタンダードの凝集した砥粒の研磨ホイール(24)では、TG2研磨ホイール(25)の値よりも53%低い素材除去速度を示していた(図4)。10及び30重量%のTG2を用いる凝集した砥粒−TG2研磨ホイール(22)及び(23)では、スタンダードの凝集した砥粒の研磨ホイール(24)と同様のMRRを示した。50重量%のTG2を用いる凝集した砥粒−TG2研磨ホイール(21)では、TG2研磨ホイール(25)と(26)の値に極めて類似する最大除去速度を示した(TG2研磨ホイール(25)及び(26)の値よりもそれぞれ約12%及び約6%低い値)。驚くべきことに、75重量%のTG2を使用した凝集した砥粒−TG2研磨ホイール(20)では、試験用の研磨ホイールのうちで最高のMRR(素材除去速度)値を示し、それはTG2研磨ホイール(25)の値よりも27%高かった。すなわち、凝集した砥粒−TG2研磨ホイールのMRRデータにより、凝集した砥粒とTG2技術の併用による重要な利点の存在が明らかになった。
実施例3のセクションAの切断ウエッジとは異なる、初期深さの切断ウエッジにおける凝集した砥粒−TG2研磨ホイールのMRRデータを、スタンダードのTG2研磨ホイール(25)のMRRデータと比較した(表4参照)。表4のMRRデータは、切断ウエッジの初期の深さ0.05インチとして得られた。表4に示すように、この異なった条件においてさえ、凝集した砥粒−TG2研磨ホイール(20)は試験した研磨ホイールの中で最高の最大MRR値を示し、それはTG2研磨ホイール(25)のMRR値に対して43.8%の増加であった。
製品素材除去速度に及ぼすドレッシング速度の影響を、TG2、凝集した砥粒−TG2及びスタンダードの38A製品について検討した。表5に示される研削試験のデータは、3種のドレス補償速度、10、20及び60μインチ/revに関して収集した。
本発明の好ましい実施形態を特に記載し、開示したが、その実施形態を、添付の特許請求の範囲に包含される本発明の範囲内で適宜変更できることは、当業者にとり自明であることを理解されたい。
Claims (20)
- a)i)少なくとも2:1の長さ−横断幅の縦横比を有する複数の繊維状のゾル−ゲルアルミナ砥粒及び非繊維状の砥粒を含む凝集物と、
ii)接合材によって三次元形状が維持される複数の砥粒を含み、かつ1.0の長さ−横断幅の縦横比を有する凝集状の砥粒顆粒とを含んでなる砥粒の混合物、及び
b)結合材を含んでなり、
c)35〜80体積%の空隙率を有している固定研磨工具であって、
前記混合物中に含まれる前記非繊維状の砥粒の全量が、前記混合物の重量の50%以下である、固定研磨工具。 - 前記固定研磨工具が流体の流れを浸透させる構造を有している、請求項1に記載の固定研磨工具。
- 前記繊維状のゾル−ゲルアルミナ砥粒が、少なくとも4:1の縦横比を有し、かつ2μm未満のサイズを有するαアルミナ結晶を主に含んでなる、請求項1に記載の固定研磨工具。
- 合計50〜75体積%の空隙率を有している、請求項1に記載の固定研磨工具。
- 全空隙の少なくとも30体積%が連結空隙である、請求項1に記載の固定研磨工具。
- 前記凝集状の砥粒顆粒の砥粒が、融合アルミナ、非繊維状の焼結ゾル−ゲルアルミナ、焼結ボーキサイト、共融合アルミナ−酸化ジルコニウム、焼結アルミナ−酸化ジルコニウム、炭化ケイ素、立方晶窒化ホウ素、ダイヤモンド、フリント、ガーネット、ホウ素亜酸化物、アルミニウム酸窒化物及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の砥粒を含んでなる、請求項1に記載の固定研磨工具。
- 前記結合材成分及び接合材が各々独立に、セラミック材料、ガラス化材料、ガラス化結合材組成物及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される無機材料を含んでなる、請求項1に記載の固定研磨工具。
- 前記接合材が、SiO2、B2O3、Al2O3、アルカリ土属酸化物及びアルカリ酸化物の焼成酸化物組成物を含んでなるガラス化結合組成物である、請求項7に記載の固定研磨工具。
- 前記凝集状の砥粒顆粒が、その砥粒顆粒の砥粒の平均グリットサイズと比較して2〜20倍の範囲のサイズを有する、請求項1に記載の固定研磨工具。
- 前記凝集状の砥粒顆粒が200〜3,000μmの範囲の直径を有する、請求項9に記載の固定研磨工具。
- 前記凝集物が第2の接合材を含む、請求項1に記載の固定研磨工具。
- 前記結合剤及び前記第2の接合材が、各々独立に、セラミック材料、ガラス化材料、ガラス化結合材組成物及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される無機材料を含んでいる、請求項11に記載の固定研磨工具。
- 前記混合物中に含まれる前記非繊維状の砥粒の全量が、前記混合物の重量の25%以下である、請求項1に記載の固定研磨工具。
- a)i)少なくとも2:1の長さ−横断幅の縦横比を有する複数の繊維状のゾル−ゲルアルミナ砥粒、非繊維状の砥粒及び接合材を含む凝集物と、
ii)接合材によって三次元形状が維持される複数の砥粒を含み、かつ1.0の長さ−横断幅の縦横比を有する凝集状の砥粒顆粒とを含み、当該混合物中に含まれる前記非繊維状の砥粒の全量が、混合物の重量の50%以下である、砥粒の混合物を形成する工程、
b)前記砥粒の混合物を結合剤成分と混合する工程、
c)前記砥粒の混合物と前記結合剤成分の混合物を、少なくとも35〜80体積%の空隙率を有する成形コンポジットに成形する工程、及び
d)前記成形コンポジットを加熱して固定研磨工具を形成する工程
を含んでなる、固定研磨工具の製造方法。 - 前記固定研磨工具が合計50〜75体積%の空隙率を有しており、かつ全空隙の少なくとも30体積%が連結空隙である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記凝集状の砥粒顆粒が焼結された凝集状の顆粒である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- a)i)接合材によって維持される、少なくとも2:1の長さ−横断幅の縦横比を有する繊維状のゾル−ゲルアルミナ砥粒の凝集物と、
ii)接合材によって三次元形状が維持される複数の砥粒を含み、かつ1.0の長さ−横断幅の縦横比を有する凝集状の砥粒顆粒とを含んでなる砥粒の混合物、及び
b)結合材を含んでなり、
c)50〜75体積%の空隙率を有している固定研磨工具。 - 前記繊維状のゾル−ゲルアルミナ砥粒が、少なくとも4:1の縦横比を有し、かつ2μm未満のサイズを有するαアルミナ結晶を主に含んでいる、請求項17に記載の固定研磨工具。
- 前記繊維状のゾル−ゲルアルミナ砥粒の凝集物が、第2の非繊維状の砥粒をさらに含んでいる、請求項17に記載の固定研磨工具。
- 前記結合材と前記接合材とが同一である、請求項17に記載の固定研磨工具。
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2006
- 2006-08-28 JP JP2008533361A patent/JP5110600B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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