NO304881B1 - Middel til forbedring av flytbarhet, en fremgangsmÕte for dets fremstilling og dets anvendelse - Google Patents
Middel til forbedring av flytbarhet, en fremgangsmÕte for dets fremstilling og dets anvendelse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO304881B1 NO304881B1 NO923215A NO923215A NO304881B1 NO 304881 B1 NO304881 B1 NO 304881B1 NO 923215 A NO923215 A NO 923215A NO 923215 A NO923215 A NO 923215A NO 304881 B1 NO304881 B1 NO 304881B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- weight
- groups
- formula
- oxyethylene
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- -1 oxypropylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical class O=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- HANVTCGOAROXMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine;urea Chemical class O=C.NC(N)=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 HANVTCGOAROXMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- SQAINHDHICKHLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthaldehyde Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(C=O)=CC=CC2=C1 SQAINHDHICKHLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical group OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N protoneodioscin Natural products O(C[C@@H](CC[C@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@]3(C)[C@H]([C@H]4[C@@H]([C@]5(C)C(=CC4)C[C@@H](O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@H](CO)O4)CC5)CC3)C[C@@H]2O1)C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- MOOAHMCRPCTRLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron sodium Chemical compound [B].[Na] MOOAHMCRPCTRLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- FMYOMWCQJXWGEN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydroxyheptanoate Chemical compound [Na+].OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FMYOMWCQJXWGEN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- GQWWGRUJOCIUKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-(2-methyl-1-oxopyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl)propyl]guanidine Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(CCCN=C(N)N)=CN2C=CC=C21 GQWWGRUJOCIUKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004129 EU approved improving agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001146155 Emilia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002139 Emilia sonchifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940001584 sodium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004296 sodium metabisulphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/003—Phosphorus-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/006—Boron-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/28—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B24/32—Polyethers, e.g. alkylphenol polyglycolether
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/30—Water reducers, plasticisers, air-entrainers, flow improvers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Phenolic Resins Or Amino Resins (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Silicon Polymers (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9000585A SE465622B (sv) | 1990-02-19 | 1990-02-19 | Flytfoerbaettrande medel, foerfarande foer dess framstaellning samt anvaendning daerav |
| PCT/SE1991/000096 WO1991012214A1 (en) | 1990-02-19 | 1991-02-12 | Flowability improving agent, a process for the production thereof and a use thereof |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO923215D0 NO923215D0 (no) | 1992-08-17 |
| NO923215L NO923215L (no) | 1992-08-17 |
| NO304881B1 true NO304881B1 (no) | 1999-03-01 |
Family
ID=20378606
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO923215A NO304881B1 (no) | 1990-02-19 | 1992-08-17 | Middel til forbedring av flytbarhet, en fremgangsmÕte for dets fremstilling og dets anvendelse |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5354792A (pt) |
| EP (1) | EP0515529B1 (pt) |
| JP (1) | JP3163103B2 (pt) |
| KR (1) | KR0161672B1 (pt) |
| AT (1) | ATE130587T1 (pt) |
| AU (1) | AU646846B2 (pt) |
| BR (1) | BR9106067A (pt) |
| CA (1) | CA2072250C (pt) |
| DE (1) | DE69114831T2 (pt) |
| DK (1) | DK0515529T3 (pt) |
| ES (1) | ES2089193T3 (pt) |
| FI (1) | FI98214C (pt) |
| GR (1) | GR3018196T3 (pt) |
| HK (1) | HK63996A (pt) |
| NO (1) | NO304881B1 (pt) |
| SE (1) | SE465622B (pt) |
| TW (1) | TW214537B (pt) |
| WO (1) | WO1991012214A1 (pt) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4217181A1 (de) * | 1992-05-23 | 1993-11-25 | Chemie Linz Deutschland | Verwendung von Kondensationsprodukten aus Melamin und Glyoxylsäure als Zusatzmittel für hydraulische Bindemittel und Baustoff |
| JP3367676B2 (ja) * | 1994-02-22 | 2003-01-14 | 花王株式会社 | 水硬性組成物およびその製造方法 |
| NL9401079A (nl) * | 1994-06-28 | 1996-02-01 | Mets Holding Bv | Werkwijze voor het bereiden van een waterige oplossing van een polycondensaat, volgens deze werkwijze verkrijgbare produkten alsmede de toepassing daarvan. |
| FR2722718B1 (fr) | 1994-07-22 | 1996-10-04 | Sepro Robotique | Dispositif de guidage lineaire a grande vitesse |
| US5932000A (en) * | 1996-09-19 | 1999-08-03 | Eka Chemicals Ab | Method for preparation of a hardening composition |
| EP1250395A4 (en) | 1999-12-09 | 2005-06-08 | Valspar Sourcing Inc | ABRASIVE COATING |
| US9731999B2 (en) | 2011-09-23 | 2017-08-15 | Iqbal Gill | Chemical admixtures for hydraulic cements |
| JP7005990B2 (ja) * | 2017-07-28 | 2022-01-24 | テクノＵｍｇ株式会社 | ゴム質重合体、グラフト共重合体および熱可塑性樹脂組成物 |
| AT524581B1 (de) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-07-15 | Scevic Jure | Zusatz für eine Spachtelmasse |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3827992A (en) * | 1971-08-10 | 1974-08-06 | Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff | Additive for cement based mortars |
| JPS5115856B2 (pt) * | 1971-12-25 | 1976-05-20 | ||
| DE2704929B1 (de) * | 1977-02-07 | 1978-05-24 | Hoechst Ag | Verfluessigerkombination fuer Baustoffe |
| SE459968B (sv) * | 1988-01-29 | 1989-08-28 | Perstorp Ab | Flytfoerbaettrande medel, foerfarande foer framstaellning daerav samt anvaendning av detsamma |
| DE3929223A1 (de) * | 1988-09-09 | 1990-03-22 | Sandoz Ag | Behandlung von zementpulver |
| AU6799190A (en) * | 1989-12-14 | 1991-06-20 | David William Spencer Sivyer | Tank insulation protection system |
-
1990
- 1990-02-19 SE SE9000585A patent/SE465622B/sv unknown
-
1991
- 1991-02-12 DK DK91904944.5T patent/DK0515529T3/da active
- 1991-02-12 WO PCT/SE1991/000096 patent/WO1991012214A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-02-12 JP JP50462791A patent/JP3163103B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-02-12 ES ES91904944T patent/ES2089193T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-02-12 US US07/917,092 patent/US5354792A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-02-12 DE DE69114831T patent/DE69114831T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-02-12 CA CA002072250A patent/CA2072250C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-02-12 AT AT91904944T patent/ATE130587T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-02-12 AU AU73393/91A patent/AU646846B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-02-12 KR KR1019920701857A patent/KR0161672B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-02-12 EP EP91904944A patent/EP0515529B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-02-12 BR BR919106067A patent/BR9106067A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-07-11 TW TW080105388A patent/TW214537B/zh active
-
1992
- 1992-07-31 FI FI923482A patent/FI98214C/fi active
- 1992-08-17 NO NO923215A patent/NO304881B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-11-23 GR GR950402390T patent/GR3018196T3/el unknown
-
1996
- 1996-04-11 HK HK63996A patent/HK63996A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2072250C (en) | 1996-12-10 |
| SE9000585A (pt) | 1991-08-20 |
| DK0515529T3 (da) | 1995-12-18 |
| FI923482A0 (fi) | 1992-07-31 |
| FI98214C (fi) | 1997-05-12 |
| JPH05504329A (ja) | 1993-07-08 |
| ES2089193T3 (es) | 1996-10-01 |
| TW214537B (pt) | 1993-10-11 |
| EP0515529A1 (en) | 1992-12-02 |
| AU646846B2 (en) | 1994-03-10 |
| FI98214B (fi) | 1997-01-31 |
| NO923215D0 (no) | 1992-08-17 |
| ATE130587T1 (de) | 1995-12-15 |
| AU7339391A (en) | 1991-09-03 |
| CA2072250A1 (en) | 1991-08-20 |
| FI923482A (fi) | 1992-07-31 |
| NO923215L (no) | 1992-08-17 |
| US5354792A (en) | 1994-10-11 |
| EP0515529B1 (en) | 1995-11-22 |
| BR9106067A (pt) | 1993-01-19 |
| SE9000585D0 (sv) | 1990-02-19 |
| KR0161672B1 (ko) | 1998-11-16 |
| HK63996A (en) | 1996-04-19 |
| DE69114831T2 (de) | 1996-05-15 |
| GR3018196T3 (en) | 1996-02-29 |
| SE465622B (sv) | 1991-10-07 |
| DE69114831D1 (de) | 1996-01-04 |
| WO1991012214A1 (en) | 1991-08-22 |
| JP3163103B2 (ja) | 2001-05-08 |
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