NO178092B - Resonator for kirurgisk instrument - Google Patents
Resonator for kirurgisk instrument Download PDFInfo
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- NO178092B NO178092B NO895118A NO895118A NO178092B NO 178092 B NO178092 B NO 178092B NO 895118 A NO895118 A NO 895118A NO 895118 A NO895118 A NO 895118A NO 178092 B NO178092 B NO 178092B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
- A61B17/22004—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves
- A61B17/22012—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2217/00—General characteristics of surgical instruments
- A61B2217/002—Auxiliary appliance
- A61B2217/005—Auxiliary appliance with suction drainage system
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Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en ultralyd-resonansvibrator, spesielt en ultralyd-resonansvibrator som omfatter en forbedret magnetostriktiv transduser for bruk i et kirurgisk håndinstrument.
Apparater som omfatter en ultralyd-resonansvibrator er kjent for kirurgisk bruk, spesielt i forbindelse med kirurgiske håndinstrumenter som omfatter verktøyer for fragmentering av vev. I et slikt apparat kan de nødvendige ultralyd-vibrasjoner frembringes ved hjelp av en magnetostriktiv anordning overført gjennom et koplingsorgan til et passende verktøy.
Et representativt eksempel på et slikt apparat er beskrevet i US patent nr. 4,223,676. I dette apparatet er den magnetostriktive transduser en magnetostriktiv stabel sammensatt av lag med strimler av nikkel-legering, slik som beskrevet i US patent nr. RE25033. Stabelen omfatter en rekke langstrakte strimler av magnetostriktivt materiale, d.v.s. nikkel-legering, som utgjør en laminert struktur. Lamineringene er nødvendig for å redusere ugunstige effekter, for eksempel energitap på grunn av virvelstrømmer.
I en senere forbedret konstruksjon ble den laminerte stabelen fremstilt med en svakt buet profil for øket stivhet.
Fra et tidligere amerikansk patent, US 3,311,352, er kjent en kjerne som er fremstilt av et enkelt ark av magnetostriktivt materiale som er korrugert til en rekke parallelle folder, slik at strimlene som er dannet ved foldingen er anbrakt med en vinkel i forhold til det radiale planet.
Fra US patent nr. 4,169,984 er kjent en ultralyd-resonansvibrator som omfatter et resonansorgan og en transduser. Transduseren er utformet som en søyle med et langsgående hull som definerer en sentral tunnel, og en del av resonansorganet er anbrakt inne i tunnelen. Transduseren er imidlertid en piezoelektrisk krystall, og virker således etter et helt annet prinsipp enn en magnetostriktiv transduser.
For å virke tilfredsstillende bør en laminert magnetostriktiv transduser fortrinnsvis: 1. være mekanisk stiv;
2. ha minimale akustiske tap; og
3. være forholdsvis lett å håndtere borte fra sine
arbeidsomgivelser.
Den tidligere kjente magnetostriktive transduser beskrevet i det ovennevnte US 4,223,676, har vist seg å være effektiv og meget tjenlig for sin bruk i kirurgiske fremgangs-måter. Til tross for sin gode ytelse, har den imidlertid likevel visse ulemper, for eksempel har den plane, laminerte strukturen en tendens til å bli overopphetet hvis strømmen av kjølemiddel blir redusert av en eller annen grunn, og slik overoppheting kan resultere i alvorlig skade på apparatet. Den plane konstruksjonen gir også betydelig mekanisk stivhet i bare ett plan. Denne mangelen på total stivhet kan resultere i mekanisk skade på grunn av feilhåndtering, og hvis lamineringene blir adskilte eller bøyd, kan hele apparatet gjøres ubrukelig.
De ovennevnte ulemper kan overvinnes hvis transduseren blir laget i form av en hovedsakelig stiv søyle omfattende langstrakte strimler anordnet i form av finner som strekker seg radielt, som beskrevet i US-patentsøknad nr. 287 748, som ble inngitt samtidig med foreliggende søknad.
Den forbedrede magnetostriktive transduser ifølge US-patentsøknad nr. 287 748 omfatter en rekke langstrakte strimler av magnetostriktivt materiale, hvor hver strimmel har en proksimal og en distal ende og er festet til sin tilstøtende strimmel ved begge de nevnte ender for å danne en helhetlig, hovedsakelig stiv søyle som har en sentral akse med finner som strekker seg radielt i forhold til aksen.
Det har nå vist seg at en ytterligere forbedret ultralyd-resonansvibrator som innbefatter en magnetostriktiv transduser med finner som beskrevet i ovennevnte patentsøknad, kan til-veiebringes hvis transduseren blir fremstilt for å ha en sentral tunnel av tilstrekkelig stor diameter til å romme i det minste en del av et resonans-organ, spesielt det koplingspartiet som overfører ultralyd-vibrasjonene til det virksomme organ, for eksempel et kirurgisk instrument eller en ledning for fluidum-bevegelse. Det har videre vist seg at det er uvesentlig for den effektive virkemåte av den endelige anordning om koplingspartiet er festet eksternt, ende mot ende, til transduseren, eller er festet internt, som beskrevet nedenfor, i en konfigurasjon som her kalles en "foldet resonator".
Ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er det tilveiebrakt en ultralyd-resonansvibrator som omfatter et resonansorgan med en proksimal ende og en distal ende og en magnetostriktiv ultralyd-vibrasjonstransduser for frembringelse av ultralyd-vibrasjoner som blir overført fra transduseren til resonansorganet, hvor transduseren omfatter en rekke langstrakte strimler av magnetostriktivt materiale, idet hver strimmel har en proksimal ende, en distal ende og et hovedsakelig V-formet tverrsnitt, og hvor hver arm av det V-formede tverrsnitt utgjøres av den langsgående lengde av hver strimmel. Vibratoren kjennetegnes særskilt ved at hver arm av hver strimmel er festet langs hele sin radiale lengde til hver arm på hver tilstøtende strimmel bare ved den proksimale ende og den distale ende for å danne en enhetlig og hovedsakelig stiv søyle med en sentral akse og med finner som strekker seg radielt i forhold til aksen, hvor søylen definerer en sentral tunnel med en proksimal ende og en distal ende sentrert langs den sentrale akse, og hvor minst en del av resonansorganet befinner seg inne i tunnellen og er festet ved sin proksimale ende til tunnelens proksimale ende.
Tverrsnittet av den sentrale tunnel kan ha enhver egnet form som er symmetrisk omkring den sentrale akse og er innrettet for å romme et resonansorgan med et kompatibelt tverrsnitt. Eksempler på egnede tverrsnittsformer er sirkulære og kvadratiske. Av hensiktsmessige og praktiske grunner blir et hovedsakelig sirkulært tverrsnitt foretrukket.
I en slik foretrukken utførelsesform blir festingen av hver strimmel ved dens ende foretatt ved hjelp av slaglodding eller sveising. Det blir også foretrukket at hver arm av hver V-formet strimmel er i berørende kontakt med en arm av en umiddelbart tilstøtende strimmel langs strimmelens hele langsgående lengde for å danne en finne som strekker seg radielt, og de resulterende finner danner et radielt mønster omkring den sentrale tunnel som strekker seg over lengden av den resulterende hovedsakelig stive søyle.
En særlig foretrukket utførelsesform er en vibrator hvor resonansorganet omfatter kombinasjonen av et koplingsparti eller organ forbundet med et virksomt organ og hvor det virksomme organ er et kirurgisk instrument. I denne utførelsesformen utgjør organene en del av et kirurgisk håndinstrument som ved å benytte den foldede resonator, er betydelig kortere enn konvensjonelle håndinstrumenter og følgelig mindre brysomme og lettere å håndtere enn tidligere kjente håndinstrumenter.
Ifølge en annen utførelsesform kan kombinasjonen av det virksomme organ og koplingspartiet være erstattet med et resonansverktøy for å tilveiebringe et kirurgisk håndinstrument .
Vibratoren har fortrinnsvis et sentralt hull som strekker seg langs dens lengde og hvor hullet har en diameter som er stor nok til å romme et rør for transport av fluidum.
I motsetning til den konvensjonelle laminerte stabel av den tidligere kjente type, er den transduseren som brukes i vibratoren ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse, i form av en hovedsaklig stiv søyle, fortrinnsvis med hovedsakelig sirkulært tverrsnitt, som har en langsgående, sentral tunnel sentrert langs en sentral akse, og finner som strekker seg radielt i forhold til aksen. Finnene er dannet ved hjelp av langstrakte strimler av magnetostriktivt materiale, for eksempel en nikkel-legering med et passende oksid-belegg, festet til hverandre ved sine distale og proksimale ender, fortrinnsvis ved hjelp av slaglodding eller sveising.
I en foretrukket utførelsesform har de langstrakte strimler et hovedsakelig v-formet tverrsnitt, og søylen blir dannet ved å innrette hver strimmel slik at en av dennes armer er i berørende kontakt med en arm på den umiddelbart tilstøtende strimmel langs hele dens langsgående lengde slik at de strimlene som berører hverandre, danner et radielt mønster av finner omkring den sentrale tunnel som strekker seg langs søylens lengde. Den resulterende struktur er en hovedsakelig stiv søyle som er stivere enn den tidligere kjente laminerte stabelen, og hvor finne-arrangementet dessuten oppviser en rekke frie overflater som letter varmetap og dermed reduserer muligheten for overoppheting hvis de normale kjøleanordninger skulle svikte.
Selv om det V-formede tverrsnitt særlig blir foretrukket for de langsgående strimler, kan strimler av ethvert egnet tverrsnitt benyttes. V-formen er særlig egnet fordi det er lett å fremstille de enkelte strimler, det er lett å konstruere den søyleformede konfigurasjon og det oppnås høyere stivhet sammenlignet med andre former som benytter en rekke slike strimler.
Søylen som dannes når strimlene festes til hverandre ved sine ender, har en sentral tunnel som strekker seg langs dens lengde, og i det minste en del av en resonans-organ er anbrakt inne i tunnelen og er ved sin proksimale ende festet til en innside-ende av tunnelen. I en spesielt foretrukket utførelsesform av oppfinnelsen omfatter den del av resonansorganet som befinner seg inne i den sentrale tunnel, et koplingsparti, og heretter vil oppfinnelsen bli nærmere beskrevet under henvisning til denne foretrukne utførelsesformen. Festingen av koplingspartiet til en ende av tunnelen kan foretas ved skruing, slaglodding eller sveising, og kan om ønsket, utføres samtidig som slagloddingen eller sveisingen av endene av de langstrakte strimler som danner transduseren.
I tillegg kan vibratoren omfatte et sentralt hull som strekker seg langs dens lengde, hvilket hull har en diameter stor nok til å romme et rør for transport av avsugnings- eller spyle-fluidum. Hvert rør vil således tre inn i vibratoren gjennom transduserens proksimale ende og strekke seg langs den sentral akse av koplingspartiet og inn i det virksomme organ, for eksempel et kirurgisk instrument, som er festet til den distale ende av koplingspartiet.
Den foretrukne vibrator ifølge oppfinnelsen er særlig innrettet for bruk i et kirurgisk håndinstrument som omfatter et kirurgisk verktøy koplet gjennom et koplingsparti til en vibrerende ultralyd-transduser. I slike apparater er en indre ende av en magnetostriktiv transduser med finner og forsynt med en sentral tunnel, forbundet med den proksimale ende av et koplingsparti anbrakt inne i tunnelen, hvilket koplingsparti omformer de ultrasoniske vibrasjoner, og den distale ende av koplingspartiet er festet til den proksimale ende av et kirurgisk verktøy. Formen på og massen til det kirurgiske verktøy er slik at det oppnås forsterkning som gjør verktøyet egnet til for eksempel fragmentering av vev. Et typisk kirurgisk håndinstrument hvor transduseren, koplingspartiet og verktøyet er festet seriemessig ende mot ende, er beskrevet i US patent nr. 4 223 676. Et håndinstrument ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse som innbefatter en foldet resonator hvor et koplingsparti er anbrakt inne i transduseren, er mer kompakt enn det nevnte tidligere kjente håndinstrument, og er følgelig lettere å håndtere og manipulere.
Oppfinnelsen vil nå blir nærmere beskrevet under henvisning til et tidligere kjent håndinstrument og en foretrukket utførelsesform av foreliggende oppfinnelse, som vist på de vedføyde tegninger, hvor: Fig. 1 er et skjematisk sideriss av en ultralyd-resonansvibrator som viser posisjoneringen av en transduser, et koplingsparti og et verktøy som beskrevet i teknikkens stand; Fig. 2 er et sideriss i tverrsnitt av en transduser med finner som brukes i en vibrator ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse; Fig. 3 er et tverrsnitt gjennom linje 3-3 på figur 2; Fig. 4 er et forstørret tverrsnitt av en V-formet,
langstrakt strimmel som brukes i transduseren på f igur 2; og
Fig. 5 er et delvis sideriss i tverrsnitt og et delvis oppriss fra siden av et kirurgisk håndinstrument som omfatter en ultralyd-resonansvibrator ifølge oppfinnelsen.
Det vises til figur 1 på tegningene hvor en tidligere kjent, typisk ultralyd-resonansvibrator omfatter en transduser 1' som på linje er forbundet med et koplingsparti 2' og et kirurgisk verktøy 3'. Lengden av hvert av organene til anordningen bestemmes av de individuelle lydhastigheter og arbeids-frekvensen i de materialer som brukes i resonansvibratoren, som beskrevet nedenfor, og den totale lengde av det resulterende håndinstrument er summen av lengdene av de enkelte organer, og dette resulterer i en anordning som det noen ganger kan være vanskelig og uhensiktsmessig å håndtere for en kirurg.
Totallengden blir betydelig redusert ved
tilveiebringelsen av en foldet resonator ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse. Den foldede resonatoren er gjort mulig ved å utforme den magnetostriktive transduseren av en rekke langstrakte strimler i en konfigurasjon med finner som er radielt anbrakt og som oppviser en sentral tunnel som strekker seg langs transduserens sentrale akse, som illustrert på figur 2 og 3 på tegningene.
Den magnetostriktive transduseren som er illustrert på figur 2 og 3, omfatter en søyle 1 dannet av et antall, for eksempel 16 til 45, fortrinnsvis 36, langstrakte strimler av magnetostriktivt materiale, som hver har et hovedsakelig V-formet tverrsnitt. Det magnetostriktive materialet er fortrinnsvis en nikkel-legering med et oksidbelegg.
Hver av armene 4 til hver V er i berørende kontakt med en arm av den V-formede tilstøtende strimmel. Rommet 5 mellom armene defineres typisk ved hjelp av en vinkel a (figur 4) som fortrinnsvis er fra 8° til 2 3°. Lengden på hver av de langstrakte strimler bestemmes av driftsfrekvensen og lydhastigheten til det magnetostriktive materiale som brukes. Vibratorens lengde er ekvivalent med kombinasjonen av koplingsparti og verktøy. Dimensjonene på en foretrukken utførelsesform er gitt i det følgende.
Tykkelsen på hver strimmel er omkring 0,018 til 0,025 cm.
Hver av de langstrakte strimler er festet til hver til-støtende strimmel ved sin proksimale ende 6 og distale ende 7. Festingen blir fortrinnsvis utført ved slaglodding eller sveising. I en foretrukket utførelsesform er festet 6 en planring laget av egnet metall, for eksempel rustfritt stål, som er slagloddet eller sveiset til finnesøylen og har en indre skruegjenge (ikke vist) med indre diameter på omkring 0,953 cm. Festet 7 kan også være en planring maken til 6. Disse planringene forsyner den resulterende søyle med den ønskede stivhet, og i tillegg tilveiebringer en av dem et festemiddel for koplingspartiet 2.
Søylen med finner som strekker seg radielt, har et langsgående hull som definerer en sentral tunnel 8, fortrinnsvis med hovedsakelig sirkulært tverrsnitt, sentrert langs den sentrale akse. I en foretrukket utførelsesform omfatter søylen som danner transduseren, 3 6 langstrakte strimler med V-formet tverrsnitt og som hver har en lengde på omkring 6,7 cm. Tunnelens 8 diameter er tilstrekkelig til å romme et passende koplingsparti og en foretrukket utførelsesform med et slikt organ, er vist på figur 5.
Figur 5 illustrerer skjematisk en ultralyd-resonansvibrator som omfatter en magnetostriktiv transduser 1 med finner, hvor hver av de langstrakte strimler som danner finnene, er slagloddet eller sveiset til en planring 6 ved sin proksimale ende, og til en planring 7 ved sin distale ende. Transduseren har en sentral tunnel 8 inne i hvilken det er anbrakt et koplingsparti 2 som har en gjenget proksimal ende. Koplingspartiet er festet til transduseren ved å skru den gjengede proksimale ende inn i den indre skrugjenge i planringen 6. I en foretrukket utførelsesform omfatter koplingspartiet et rør av rustfritt stål med en lengde på omkring 15 cm, som er 3/4 av en bølgelengde, og en ytre diameter på omkring 0,953 cm. I denne utførelsesformen har koplingspartiet et sentralt hull som inneholder et avsugningsrør 9 som holdes på plass og har en eller flere tetningslinjer 10 ved eller i nærheten av koplingspartiets vibrasjons- eller knuteområde.
Feltet for drift av transduseren leveres av en energi-seringsspole 11.
Transduseren og koplingspartiet er anordnet i en plastsnelle 12 inne i et plasthus 13.
Den utførelsesformen som er vist på figur 5, er komplettert med et egnet verktøy 3 (ikke tegnet i målestokk) festet til den distale ende av koplingspartiet på konvensjonell måte, for eksempel ved en gjengekopling. Den distale ende av verktøyet har en spiss 14 for fragmentering av vev. I denne utførelsesformen kan kombinasjonen av koplingspartiet 2 og det kirurgiske verktøy 3 danne et resonansorgan.
Et kortere kirurgisk håndinstrument av den type som er beskrevet og som inneholder en foldet resonator ifølge oppfinnelsen, er mindre omfangsrik og mer hensiktsmessig å bruke enn de tidligere kjente lange instrumentene. Dessuten har det vist seg at et håndinstrument som inneholder en transduser med finner ifølge oppfinnelsen, krever mindre inngangseffekt enn et som omfatter en konvensjonell, laminert transduser-stabel, noe som antyder en ytterligere fordel ved den foldede resonatoren ifølge oppfinnelsen. I tillegg muliggjør oppfinnelsen utsuging av uønsket vev gjennom sitt midtparti, noe som gjør det mulig å forbinde en kirurgisk ledning ved den proksimale ende av håndinstrumentet og gir et mindre, uforstyrret fingergrep-område. Det har også vist seg at et kirurgisk håndinstrument som omfatter en foldet resonator ifølge oppfinnelsen, ikke bare kan brukes med et rett koplingsparti, men også med et buet koplings-parti eller et buet verktøy eller andre mellomliggende organer.
Claims (6)
1. Ultralyd-resonansvibrator omfattende et resonansorgan (2, 3) med en proksimal ende og en distal ende og en magnetostriktiv ultralyd-vibrasjonstransduser for frembringelse av ultralyd-vibrasjoner som overføres fra transduseren til resonansorganet (2, 3), hvor transduseren omfatter en rekke langstrakte strimler av magnetostriktivt materiale, hvor hver strimmel har en proksimal ende (6), en distal ende (7) og et hovedsakelig V-formet tverrsnitt, og hvor hver arm (4) av det V-formede tverrsnitt utgjøres av den langsgående lengde av hver strimmel,
karakterisert ved at hver arm (4) av hver strimmel er festet langs hele sin radiale.lengde til hver arm (4) på hver tilstøtende strimmel bare ved den proksimale ende og den distale ende for å danne en enhetlig og hovedsakelig stiv søyle (1) med en sentral akse og med finner som strekker seg radielt i forhold til aksen, hvor søylen (1) definerer en sentral tunnel (8) med en proksimal ende og en distal ende sentrert langs den sentrale akse, og hvor minst en del av resonansorganet (2, 3) befinner seg inne i tunnelen (8) og er festet ved sin proksimale ende til tunnelens proksimale ende.
2. Vibrator ifølge krav 1,
karakterisert ved at den sentrale tunnelen (8) har hovedsakelig sirkelformet tverrsnitt.
3. Vibrator ifølge krav 1,
karakterisert ved at festingen av endene av hver strimmel til endene av hver tilstøtende strimmel, er foretatt ved slaglodding eller sveising.
4. Vibrator ifølge krav 1,
karakterisert ved at hver arm (4) på hver strimmel er i berøringskontakt med en arm (4) på en umiddelbart tilstøtende strimmel langs strimmelens hele langsgående lengde, slik at det dannes en radielt utstrakt finne som er en av en rekke finner som er et resultat av rekken av langstrakte strimler som danner et radielt mønster rundt den sentrale tunnelen (8) som strekker seg i den resulterende og hovedsakelig stive søylens (1) lengde.
5. Vibrator ifølge krav 1,
karakterisert ved at resonansorganet omfatter i kombinasjon et koplingsparti (2) og et kirurgisk verktøy (3).
6. Vibrator ifølge krav 1,
karakterisert ved at koplingspartiet (2) omfatter et sentralt hull som strekker seg langs dets lengde og et fluidums-transporterende rør (9) opptatt gjennom det sentrale hullet.
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US07/287,749 US4978333A (en) | 1988-12-20 | 1988-12-20 | Resonator for surgical handpiece |
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NO895118D0 NO895118D0 (no) | 1989-12-19 |
NO895118L NO895118L (no) | 1990-06-21 |
NO178092B true NO178092B (no) | 1995-10-16 |
NO178092C NO178092C (no) | 1996-01-24 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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NO895118A NO178092C (no) | 1988-12-20 | 1989-12-19 | Resonator for kirurgisk instrument |
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US (1) | US4978333A (no) |
EP (1) | EP0376562B1 (no) |
JP (1) | JPH02271851A (no) |
AT (1) | ATE113462T1 (no) |
AU (1) | AU609652B2 (no) |
CA (1) | CA2005877C (no) |
DE (1) | DE68919201T2 (no) |
DK (1) | DK646789A (no) |
ES (1) | ES2062045T3 (no) |
FI (1) | FI96825C (no) |
NO (1) | NO178092C (no) |
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-
1988
- 1988-12-20 US US07/287,749 patent/US4978333A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-12-15 DE DE68919201T patent/DE68919201T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-12-15 EP EP89313168A patent/EP0376562B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-15 ES ES89313168T patent/ES2062045T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-15 AT AT89313168T patent/ATE113462T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-12-18 CA CA002005877A patent/CA2005877C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-12-19 NO NO895118A patent/NO178092C/no unknown
- 1989-12-19 AU AU47017/89A patent/AU609652B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-12-19 DK DK646789A patent/DK646789A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-12-19 FI FI896089A patent/FI96825C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-12-20 JP JP1330969A patent/JPH02271851A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0560754B2 (no) | 1993-09-02 |
FI96825B (fi) | 1996-05-31 |
ES2062045T3 (es) | 1994-12-16 |
JPH02271851A (ja) | 1990-11-06 |
FI96825C (fi) | 1996-09-10 |
DE68919201T2 (de) | 1995-03-23 |
NO895118L (no) | 1990-06-21 |
US4978333A (en) | 1990-12-18 |
NO895118D0 (no) | 1989-12-19 |
AU4701789A (en) | 1990-07-12 |
DK646789A (da) | 1990-06-21 |
EP0376562B1 (en) | 1994-11-02 |
FI896089A0 (fi) | 1989-12-19 |
CA2005877A1 (en) | 1990-06-20 |
CA2005877C (en) | 1993-09-07 |
ATE113462T1 (de) | 1994-11-15 |
EP0376562A2 (en) | 1990-07-04 |
EP0376562A3 (en) | 1992-01-22 |
DK646789D0 (da) | 1989-12-19 |
NO178092C (no) | 1996-01-24 |
DE68919201D1 (de) | 1994-12-08 |
AU609652B2 (en) | 1991-05-02 |
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