NO141532B - PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MARGARIN FAT WHICH IS FREE OF GREENNESS - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MARGARIN FAT WHICH IS FREE OF GREENNESS Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO141532B NO141532B NO740132A NO740132A NO141532B NO 141532 B NO141532 B NO 141532B NO 740132 A NO740132 A NO 740132A NO 740132 A NO740132 A NO 740132A NO 141532 B NO141532 B NO 141532B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- hearth
- volume
- channels
- combustion
- ratio
- Prior art date
Links
- SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxypropyl heptadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 title 1
- 235000013310 margarine Nutrition 0.000 title 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D7/00—Edible oil or fat compositions containing an aqueous phase, e.g. margarines
- A23D7/001—Spread compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
- C11C3/10—Ester interchange
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Edible Oils And Fats (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
Description
Ildsted for intermitterende forbrenning. Fireplace for intermittent combustion.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører ild-steder for intermitterende forbrenning, av den art som er forsynt med en eller flere avløpskanaler og med tilbakeslagsventilre-gulerte luftinnløp samt arbeider med en frekvens som er mindre enn 50 perioder pr. sekund. Uansett ildstedets egenfrekvens kan den ønskede frekvens fikseres ved an-vendelsen av en tvangsstyrt brenselstilfør-selsanordning som tilfører brenslet intermitterende med den ønskede frekvens. Etter hver eksplosjon i ildstedet presses forbrenningsgassene ut gjennom avløpet med høy hastighet og som følge av gassenes treghet oppstår der et undertrykk i ildstedet, hvorved innløpsventilen åpnes og ny luft innsuges. For brenslets tenning etter hver brenselsinnsprøytning kan der anvendes en elektrisk tennstift i det minste ved ildstedets igangsetting, mens under normal drift kan brenselsluftblandingen tennes av i ildstedet anbrakte glødelege-mer, som holdes på glødetemperatur av forbrenningsgassene. The present invention relates to fireplaces for intermittent combustion, of the kind that are provided with one or more drainage channels and non-return valve-regulated air inlets and operate with a frequency that is less than 50 periods per second. Regardless of the hearth's natural frequency, the desired frequency can be fixed by using a forced-controlled fuel supply device that supplies the fuel intermittently with the desired frequency. After each explosion in the hearth, the combustion gases are pushed out through the drain at high speed and, as a result of the inertia of the gases, a negative pressure occurs in the hearth, whereby the inlet valve is opened and new air is drawn in. To ignite the fuel after each fuel injection, an electric igniter can be used at least when the fireplace is started, while during normal operation the fuel-air mixture can be ignited by incandescent bodies placed in the fireplace, which are kept at glowing temperature by the combustion gases.
For at ildstedets kapasitet skal bli stor er det viktig at en stor luftmengde innsuges i ildstedet etter hver eksplosjon. Det har vist seg at en forutsetning herfor er at avgassenes hastighet ved passasjen gjennom avløpskanalene er stor i det øyeblikk da undertrykk inntrer i ildstedet og innsugningen begynner. Det har også vist seg at gasshastigheten er en funksjon av forholdet mellom ildstedets volum og av-gasskanalenes totale volum. In order for the fireplace's capacity to be large, it is important that a large amount of air is sucked into the fireplace after each explosion. It has been shown that a prerequisite for this is that the velocity of the exhaust gases during passage through the drainage channels is high at the moment when negative pressure enters the hearth and suction begins. It has also been shown that the gas velocity is a function of the ratio between the volume of the hearth and the total volume of the off-gas ducts.
Hvis ved et bestemt ildstedvolum gassvolumet i avgasskanalene er stort, er over- If, at a certain hearth volume, the gas volume in the exhaust ducts is large, over-
trykket i ildstedet ikke i stand til å aksela lerere avgassene opp til noen større hastighet. Hvis på den annen side gassvolumet i kanalene er lite, får gasshastigheten i kanalene tid til å kulminere og synke til en forholdsvis lav verdi, innen innsugningen begynner. the pressure in the hearth not being able to accelerate the exhaust gases up to any greater speed. If, on the other hand, the gas volume in the ducts is small, the gas velocity in the ducts has time to peak and drop to a relatively low value, before the suction begins.
Ildstedet i henhold til oppfinnelsen er hovedsakelig karakterisert ved at forholdet mellom ildstedvolumet og avløpskana-lenes samlede volum ligger mellom . 0,1:1 og 1:1, og at brenseltilførselen er avpasset og forbrenningsforløpet innregulert på en sådan måte at der for hver eksplosjon oppstår et overtrykk i ildstedet på 0,5—2,0 ato, idet der velges en høyere trykkverdi for en lavere verdi av volumforholdet og omvendt. Herved oppnås den høyeste gasshastighet i avløpska-nalene i riktig øyeblikk så at en stor luftmengde innsuges i ildstedet. Den store luftmengde gjør det mulig å forbrenne store brenselsmengder, så at ildstedet får høy kapasitet. The hearth according to the invention is mainly characterized by the fact that the ratio between the hearth volume and the combined volume of the drainage channels lies between . . lower value of the volume ratio and vice versa. This achieves the highest gas velocity in the drainage channels at the right moment so that a large amount of air is sucked into the hearth. The large amount of air makes it possible to burn large amounts of fuel, so that the fireplace has a high capacity.
Ildstedet i henhold til oppfinnelsen er fortrinsvis bestemt for en damp- eller varmekjel, hvor avløpskanalenes vegger utgjør den hovedsakelige ildflate. Denne ildflate må ha en viss størrelse for at forbrenningsgassene under passasjen gjennom kanalen eller kanalene skal kunne nedkjøles til en fra et økonomisk og teknisk synspunkt egnet sluttemperatur, f. eks. 200° C. Hvis man ved konstruering av et ildsted i henhold til oppfinnelsen går ut fra et bestemt ildstedvolum og en bestemt verdi av forholdet mellom ildstedvolum og kanalvo-lum, oppnås i avhengighet av vilkåret ved-rørende sluttemperaturen, et visst forhold mellom kanalens eller kanalenes tverrsnitt og lengde. The hearth according to the invention is preferably intended for a steam or heating boiler, where the walls of the drainage channels form the main fire surface. This fire surface must have a certain size so that the combustion gases during the passage through the duct or ducts can be cooled down to a final temperature suitable from an economic and technical point of view, e.g. 200° C. If, when constructing a hearth according to the invention, one starts from a specific hearth volume and a specific value of the ratio between hearth volume and channel volume, depending on the condition regarding the final temperature, a certain ratio is achieved between the channel's or the cross-section and length of the channels.
På tegningen viser fig. 1 sterkt skjematisk et tverrsnitt gjennom et ildsted av den her omhandlede art, mens fig. 2 er et diagram som viser gasshastigheten i av-løpskanalen i det øyeblikk da trykket i ildstedet har sunket til atmosfæretrykk og luftinnsugning begynner som funksjon av forholdet mellom ildstedvolum og gasskanalvolum og ved tre forskjellige verdier av forbrenningstrykket. In the drawing, fig. 1 strongly schematically shows a cross-section through a hearth of the kind in question here, while fig. 2 is a diagram showing the gas velocity in the waste duct at the moment when the pressure in the hearth has dropped to atmospheric pressure and air intake begins as a function of the ratio between hearth volume and gas channel volume and at three different values of the combustion pressure.
I fig. 1 betegner 1 selve ildstedet, som er forsynt med et av en tilbakeslagsventil 2 regulert luftinnløp. Ildstedet 1 står i åpen forbindelse med en avløpskanal 3. Skjønt ikke vist i figuren, finnes der også et eller flere brenselsinnsprøytningsmunnstykker samt en elektrisk tennanordning, og bren-selet tilføres munnstykkene intermitterende av en pumpe hvis frekvens bestem-mer forbrenningsfrekvensen, som i det foreliggende tilfelle ligger under 50 perioder pr. sekund og eksempelvis kan gå ned til 10 perioder pr. sekund. In fig. 1 denotes 1 the hearth itself, which is provided with an air inlet regulated by a non-return valve 2. The hearth 1 is in open connection with a drainage channel 3. Although not shown in the figure, there are also one or more fuel injection nozzles and an electric ignition device, and the fuel is supplied to the nozzles intermittently by a pump whose frequency determines the combustion frequency, as in the present case is below 50 periods per second and, for example, can go down to 10 periods per second.
Diagrammet i henhold til fig. 2 viser hvorledes, ved et forbrenningstrykk på 2,0 ato, den høyeste gasshastighet oppnås ved en verdi av 0,2 på forholdet mellom ild-stedsvolum og gasskanalvolum. Ved et forbrenningstrykk på 1,0 ato oppnås maksi-mum ved en verdi av ca. 0,4 på volumforholdet. For et forbrenningstrykk på 0,5 ato bør volumforholdet være opp imot 1,0 for at maksimal hastighet skal kunne oppnås. The diagram according to fig. 2 shows how, at a combustion pressure of 2.0 ato, the highest gas velocity is achieved at a value of 0.2 on the ratio between hearth volume and gas channel volume. At a combustion pressure of 1.0 ato, the maximum is achieved at a value of approx. 0.4 on the volume ratio. For a combustion pressure of 0.5 ato, the volume ratio should be up to 1.0 so that maximum speed can be achieved.
Av de på fig. 2 viste kurver fremgår det at det for oppnåelse av høyest mulig gasshastighet på riktig tidspunkt, dvs. når luftinnsugningen begynner i ildstedet, kre-ves større nøyaktighet ved begynnelsen av volumforholdet ved høyt forbrenningstrykk enn ved lavt forbrenningstrykk. Of those in fig. 2 curves show that in order to achieve the highest possible gas velocity at the right time, i.e. when air intake begins in the hearth, greater accuracy is required at the beginning of the volume ratio at high combustion pressure than at low combustion pressure.
Selv om det kortfattet beskrevne og skjematisk viste ildsted forutsettes å være drevet med flytende brensel, kan oppfinnelsen også tillempes ved anvendelse av gassformig eller pulverformig brensel, idet der for brenslets intermitterende tilførsel da må anvendes herfor egnede anordnin-ger. Although the briefly described and schematically shown fireplace is assumed to be fueled with liquid fuel, the invention can also be applied when using gaseous or powdered fuel, since suitable devices must be used for the fuel's intermittent supply.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB266773A GB1455828A (en) | 1973-01-18 | 1973-01-18 | Fat blend |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO740132L NO740132L (en) | 1974-07-19 |
NO141532B true NO141532B (en) | 1979-12-27 |
NO141532C NO141532C (en) | 1980-04-09 |
Family
ID=9743653
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO740132A NO141532C (en) | 1973-01-18 | 1974-01-16 | PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF MARGARET Grease FREE OF GREATNESS |
Country Status (19)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5741219B2 (en) |
AT (1) | AT334178B (en) |
AU (1) | AU474894B2 (en) |
BE (1) | BE809953A (en) |
BR (1) | BR7400307D0 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1045892A (en) |
CH (1) | CH590015A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2401945C2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES422397A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI55756C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2214415B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1455828A (en) |
IE (1) | IE38740B1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1020528B (en) |
NL (1) | NL164090C (en) |
NO (1) | NO141532C (en) |
PH (1) | PH11248A (en) |
SE (1) | SE394790B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA74261B (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1542864A (en) * | 1975-03-04 | 1979-03-28 | Unilever Ltd | Plastic palm-based fat product |
JPS5431407A (en) * | 1977-08-15 | 1979-03-08 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk | Fat composition |
JPS55171444U (en) * | 1979-05-21 | 1980-12-09 | ||
NL8103356A (en) * | 1981-07-15 | 1983-02-01 | Unilever Nv | POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS CONTAINING FAT MIXTURES AND METHOD FOR suppressing the formation of TRIGLYCERIDE CONGLOMERATES USING POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS. |
FR2520003B1 (en) * | 1982-01-20 | 1985-12-27 | Unilever Nv | FAT MIXTURE FOR MARGARINE WITH REDUCED PULVERULENCE TREND AND METHOD FOR REDUCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF PULVERULENCE IN FAT MIXTURES |
EP0084900B1 (en) * | 1982-01-20 | 1986-04-16 | Unilever N.V. | Margarine fat blend with a reduced tendency to sandiness and a process for reducing the development of sandiness in fat blends |
GB2182942B (en) * | 1985-11-15 | 1989-10-04 | Unilever Plc | Improvements in and relating to margarine and like fat compositions |
WO2009150951A1 (en) * | 2008-06-09 | 2009-12-17 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | Plastic fat composition |
KR101598646B1 (en) | 2008-09-02 | 2016-02-29 | 닛신 오일리오그룹 가부시키가이샤 | Oil-and-fat composition and plastic oil-and-fat composition |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1204508B (en) * | 1958-02-04 | 1965-11-04 | Procter & Gamble Ltd | Process for the production of a non-grainy margarine |
GB903141A (en) * | 1958-04-30 | 1962-08-09 | Hedley Thomas & Co Ltd | Improvements in margarine manufacture |
GB988522A (en) * | 1961-03-17 | 1965-04-07 | Hedley Thomas & Co Ltd | Margarine oil |
NL141362C (en) * | 1967-12-23 | 1980-12-15 | Unilever Nv | PROCESS FOR PREPARING A MARGARINE FAT. |
GB1365302A (en) * | 1970-07-23 | 1974-08-29 | Unilever Ltd | Fat products |
GB1431906A (en) * | 1972-05-10 | 1976-04-14 | Unilever Ltd | Margarine |
-
1973
- 1973-01-18 GB GB266773A patent/GB1455828A/en not_active Expired
-
1974
- 1974-01-14 IE IE74/74A patent/IE38740B1/en unknown
- 1974-01-15 AU AU64518/74A patent/AU474894B2/en not_active Expired
- 1974-01-15 ZA ZA00740261A patent/ZA74261B/en unknown
- 1974-01-16 BR BR307/74A patent/BR7400307D0/en unknown
- 1974-01-16 DE DE2401945A patent/DE2401945C2/en not_active Expired
- 1974-01-16 PH PH15420A patent/PH11248A/en unknown
- 1974-01-16 AT AT33974*#A patent/AT334178B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-01-16 NO NO740132A patent/NO141532C/en unknown
- 1974-01-17 FI FI136/74A patent/FI55756C/en active
- 1974-01-17 ES ES422397A patent/ES422397A1/en not_active Expired
- 1974-01-17 IT IT7467163Q patent/IT1020528B/en active
- 1974-01-17 JP JP49008187A patent/JPS5741219B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1974-01-17 CA CA190,351A patent/CA1045892A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-01-17 SE SE7400629A patent/SE394790B/en unknown
- 1974-01-17 NL NL7400607.A patent/NL164090C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-01-17 FR FR7401576A patent/FR2214415B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-01-18 CH CH70674A patent/CH590015A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-01-18 BE BE139998A patent/BE809953A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AT334178B (en) | 1976-01-10 |
FI55756C (en) | 1979-10-10 |
SE394790B (en) | 1977-07-11 |
FR2214415A1 (en) | 1974-08-19 |
GB1455828A (en) | 1976-11-17 |
NL7400607A (en) | 1974-07-22 |
JPS5741219B2 (en) | 1982-09-02 |
ES422397A1 (en) | 1976-07-01 |
CA1045892A (en) | 1979-01-09 |
IT1020528B (en) | 1977-12-30 |
NL164090B (en) | 1980-06-16 |
NL164090C (en) | 1980-11-17 |
NO740132L (en) | 1974-07-19 |
AU474894B2 (en) | 1976-08-05 |
PH11248A (en) | 1977-10-28 |
DE2401945A1 (en) | 1974-08-08 |
IE38740B1 (en) | 1978-05-24 |
ZA74261B (en) | 1975-08-27 |
FI55756B (en) | 1979-06-29 |
ATA33974A (en) | 1976-04-15 |
JPS49105806A (en) | 1974-10-07 |
BE809953A (en) | 1974-07-18 |
DE2401945C2 (en) | 1983-07-07 |
IE38740L (en) | 1974-07-18 |
AU6451874A (en) | 1975-07-17 |
FR2214415B1 (en) | 1976-11-26 |
CH590015A5 (en) | 1977-07-29 |
NO141532C (en) | 1980-04-09 |
BR7400307D0 (en) | 1974-08-22 |
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