NL1027185C2 - Werkwijzen en apparatuur voor beeldproductie door middel van dynamische schroefvormige aftasting. - Google Patents
Werkwijzen en apparatuur voor beeldproductie door middel van dynamische schroefvormige aftasting. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NL1027185C2 NL1027185C2 NL1027185A NL1027185A NL1027185C2 NL 1027185 C2 NL1027185 C2 NL 1027185C2 NL 1027185 A NL1027185 A NL 1027185A NL 1027185 A NL1027185 A NL 1027185A NL 1027185 C2 NL1027185 C2 NL 1027185C2
- Authority
- NL
- Netherlands
- Prior art keywords
- stored
- projection views
- image
- location
- views
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000013170 computed tomography imaging Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001447 compensatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002059 diagnostic imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
- A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/055—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/70—Means for positioning the patient in relation to the detecting, measuring or recording means
- A61B5/704—Tables
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/027—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis characterised by the use of a particular data acquisition trajectory, e.g. helical or spiral
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
- G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/40—Imaging
- G01N2223/419—Imaging computed tomograph
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
- G01N2223/612—Specific applications or type of materials biological material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S378/00—X-ray or gamma ray systems or devices
- Y10S378/901—Computer tomography program or processor
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
- Image Processing (AREA)
- Image Analysis (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/680,688 US6977984B2 (en) | 2003-10-07 | 2003-10-07 | Methods and apparatus for dynamical helical scanned image production |
| US68068803 | 2003-10-07 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NL1027185A1 NL1027185A1 (nl) | 2005-04-08 |
| NL1027185C2 true NL1027185C2 (nl) | 2006-01-31 |
Family
ID=34394391
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL1027185A NL1027185C2 (nl) | 2003-10-07 | 2004-10-06 | Werkwijzen en apparatuur voor beeldproductie door middel van dynamische schroefvormige aftasting. |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6977984B2 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP4576193B2 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN100496400C (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE102004048402A1 (enExample) |
| NL (1) | NL1027185C2 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006141906A (ja) * | 2004-11-25 | 2006-06-08 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Co Llc | 放射線撮影装置 |
| DE102005021065A1 (de) * | 2005-05-06 | 2006-11-16 | Siemens Ag | Medizinische Untersuchungseinrichtung zum Erzeugen von Untersuchungsbildern eines Objekts und zugehöriges Verfahren |
| US8232535B2 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2012-07-31 | Tomotherapy Incorporated | System and method of treating a patient with radiation therapy |
| JP2006320523A (ja) * | 2005-05-19 | 2006-11-30 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Co Llc | シャトルモードヘリカルスキャンのスキャンパラメータ設定方法およびx線ct装置 |
| KR20080039919A (ko) | 2005-07-22 | 2008-05-07 | 토모테라피 인코포레이티드 | 방사선 치료를 받는 환자의 호흡 상태를 검출하는 시스템및 방법 |
| US8442287B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2013-05-14 | Tomotherapy Incorporated | Method and system for evaluating quality assurance criteria in delivery of a treatment plan |
| CN101267767A (zh) * | 2005-07-23 | 2008-09-17 | 断层放疗公司 | 使用机架和治疗床的协同运动的放射疗法成像和实施 |
| US20090041200A1 (en) * | 2005-07-23 | 2009-02-12 | Tomotherapy Incorporated | Radiation therapy imaging and delivery utilizing coordinated motion of jaws, gantry, and couch |
| JP4509903B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-27 | 2010-07-21 | ジーイー・メディカル・システムズ・グローバル・テクノロジー・カンパニー・エルエルシー | X線ct装置 |
| JP4611168B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-07 | 2011-01-12 | ジーイー・メディカル・システムズ・グローバル・テクノロジー・カンパニー・エルエルシー | 画像再構成方法、およびx線ct装置 |
| JP4639143B2 (ja) * | 2005-11-30 | 2011-02-23 | ジーイー・メディカル・システムズ・グローバル・テクノロジー・カンパニー・エルエルシー | X線ct装置およびその制御方法 |
| JP2007151849A (ja) * | 2005-12-06 | 2007-06-21 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Co Llc | X線ct撮影方法およびx線ct装置 |
| JP4611225B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-01 | 2011-01-12 | ジーイー・メディカル・システムズ・グローバル・テクノロジー・カンパニー・エルエルシー | X線ct装置 |
| JP2007236662A (ja) * | 2006-03-09 | 2007-09-20 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Co Llc | X線ct装置およびそのx線ct画像再構成方法、x線ct画像撮影方法。 |
| US7983385B2 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2011-07-19 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Fly-by scanning |
| DE102007021023A1 (de) * | 2007-05-04 | 2008-11-13 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Bilderstellung für die Spiral-CT mit veränderlichem Pitch und CT-Gerät zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| US7724866B2 (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2010-05-25 | Analogic Corporation | Method of and system for variable pitch computed tomography scanning for baggage screening |
| EP2214782A4 (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2018-01-24 | Tomotherapy Incorporated | System and method for motion adaptive optimization for radiation therapy delivery |
| US8467497B2 (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2013-06-18 | Tomotherapy Incorporated | System and method for motion adaptive optimization for radiation therapy delivery |
| US8284892B2 (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2012-10-09 | General Electric Company | System and method for image reconstruction |
| US7933377B2 (en) * | 2009-06-03 | 2011-04-26 | General Electric Company | Method of CT perfusion imaging and apparatus for implementing same |
| JP6257962B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-04 | 2018-01-10 | 東芝メディカルシステムズ株式会社 | X線ct装置 |
| CN105027227B (zh) | 2013-02-26 | 2017-09-08 | 安科锐公司 | 电磁致动的多叶准直器 |
| DE102013215807B4 (de) * | 2013-08-09 | 2025-12-18 | Siemens Healthineers Ag | Verfahren zur Aufnahme von Projektionen während eines Spiralscans, Verfahren zur Bildherstellungund Multischicht-Computertomographiegerät |
| DE102015205004B4 (de) | 2015-03-19 | 2020-07-09 | Siemens Healthcare Gmbh | Einstellen einer Tischposition eines Tomographen |
| DE102016211720A1 (de) * | 2016-06-29 | 2018-01-04 | Siemens Healthcare Gmbh | Verfahren zum Positionieren eines positionierbaren Tisches |
| US10722188B2 (en) | 2017-05-18 | 2020-07-28 | Canon Medical Systems Corporation | X-ray CT apparatus |
| US11039808B2 (en) * | 2019-02-13 | 2021-06-22 | Analogic Corporation | Scanning systems configured to inspect conveyed objects and related systems and methods |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5073911A (en) * | 1989-02-13 | 1991-12-17 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Computerized tomographic apparatus |
| US5262946A (en) * | 1988-10-20 | 1993-11-16 | Picker International, Inc. | Dynamic volume scanning for CT scanners |
| US5377250A (en) * | 1992-08-07 | 1994-12-27 | General Electric Company | Reconstruction method for helical scanning computed tomography apparatus with multi-row detector array |
| US6185271B1 (en) * | 1999-02-16 | 2001-02-06 | Richard Estyn Kinsinger | Helical computed tomography with feedback scan control |
Family Cites Families (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04150840A (ja) * | 1990-10-15 | 1992-05-25 | Hitachi Medical Corp | 螺旋スキャンct装置 |
| US5090037A (en) * | 1990-11-19 | 1992-02-18 | General Electric Company | Helical scanning computed tomography with tracking x-ray source |
| JP2933107B2 (ja) * | 1992-02-14 | 1999-08-09 | 株式会社東芝 | Ct装置 |
| JPH05317300A (ja) * | 1992-05-25 | 1993-12-03 | Toshiba Corp | 寝台位置制御装置 |
| US5224136A (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 1993-06-29 | General Electric Company | Helical scanning computed tomography apparatus with constrained tracking of the x-ray source |
| EP0587334B1 (en) * | 1992-09-09 | 1999-06-30 | Picker International, Inc. | Imaging methods and apparatus |
| JP2824011B2 (ja) * | 1993-11-15 | 1998-11-11 | 株式会社日立メディコ | X線ct装置 |
| US5515409A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1996-05-07 | General Electric Company | Helical interpolative algorithm for image reconstruction in a CT system |
| US5891030A (en) * | 1997-01-24 | 1999-04-06 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | System for two dimensional and three dimensional imaging of tubular structures in the human body |
| US6298112B1 (en) * | 1998-07-01 | 2001-10-02 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Co. Llc | Methods and apparatus for helical multi-frame image reconstruction in a computed tomography fluoro system including data communications over a network |
| US6038278A (en) * | 1998-07-01 | 2000-03-14 | Hsieh; Jiang | Method and apparatus for helical multi-frame image reconstruction in a computed tomography fluoro system |
| US6597803B1 (en) * | 1999-10-29 | 2003-07-22 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc | Hybrid reconstruction for high pitch multi-slice helical cardiac imaging |
| US6332013B1 (en) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-12-18 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for tilted helical reconstruction multislice CT |
| US6385278B1 (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2002-05-07 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc | Method and apparatus for region of interest multislice CT scan |
| US6381297B1 (en) * | 2000-08-15 | 2002-04-30 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc | High pitch reconstruction of multislice CT scans |
| US6463117B1 (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-10-08 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc | Methods and apparatus for tilted helical image reconstruction in CT imaging |
| US6452996B1 (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2002-09-17 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc | Methods and apparatus utilizing generalized helical interpolation algorithm |
| US6421411B1 (en) * | 2001-05-10 | 2002-07-16 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc | Methods and apparatus for helical image artifact reduction |
| US6529576B2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-03-04 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc | Method and apparatus for pitch-adaptive reconstruction in multislice helical computed tomographic systems |
| US6490334B1 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2002-12-03 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc | Methods and apparatus for high pitch helical computed tomography image reconstruction |
| US6404842B1 (en) * | 2001-10-15 | 2002-06-11 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc | Method and apparatus for image reconstruction in twin helical computed tomographic systems |
| US6522714B1 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2003-02-18 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technologies Company Llc | Row-wise full helical view weighting method and apparatus for CT scanners |
| US20030171665A1 (en) * | 2002-03-05 | 2003-09-11 | Jiang Hsieh | Image space correction for multi-slice helical reconstruction |
| US6600802B1 (en) * | 2002-04-01 | 2003-07-29 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc | Image space correction for multi-slice helical reconstruction with z-smoothing |
| JP2006513812A (ja) * | 2003-03-14 | 2006-04-27 | ユニバーシティ・オブ・セントラル・フロリダ・リサーチ・ファウンデーション・インコーポレイテッド | 可変ピッチ・スパイラルct用の効率的な画像復元アルゴリズム |
-
2003
- 2003-10-07 US US10/680,688 patent/US6977984B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-10-01 DE DE102004048402A patent/DE102004048402A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-10-06 NL NL1027185A patent/NL1027185C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-10-06 JP JP2004293833A patent/JP4576193B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-08 CN CNB200410085253XA patent/CN100496400C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5262946A (en) * | 1988-10-20 | 1993-11-16 | Picker International, Inc. | Dynamic volume scanning for CT scanners |
| US5073911A (en) * | 1989-02-13 | 1991-12-17 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Computerized tomographic apparatus |
| US5377250A (en) * | 1992-08-07 | 1994-12-27 | General Electric Company | Reconstruction method for helical scanning computed tomography apparatus with multi-row detector array |
| US6185271B1 (en) * | 1999-02-16 | 2001-02-06 | Richard Estyn Kinsinger | Helical computed tomography with feedback scan control |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102004048402A1 (de) | 2005-05-19 |
| JP4576193B2 (ja) | 2010-11-04 |
| NL1027185A1 (nl) | 2005-04-08 |
| CN100496400C (zh) | 2009-06-10 |
| CN1636513A (zh) | 2005-07-13 |
| US6977984B2 (en) | 2005-12-20 |
| JP2005111269A (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
| US20050074085A1 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| NL1027185C2 (nl) | Werkwijzen en apparatuur voor beeldproductie door middel van dynamische schroefvormige aftasting. | |
| NL1024854C2 (nl) | Werkwijzen en inrichting voor het berekenen van volumetrische perfusie. | |
| US7865006B2 (en) | Methods and apparatus for artifact reduction | |
| NL1024447C2 (nl) | Werkwijzen en inrichtingen voor afknottingscompensatie. | |
| US9959631B2 (en) | Tomography apparatus and method for reconstructing tomography image thereof | |
| US6141398A (en) | Protocol driven image reconstruction, display, and processing in a multislice imaging system | |
| JP4576032B2 (ja) | 2回パス式コーン・ビーム画像再構成の方法及び装置 | |
| CN117500434B (zh) | 利用多个运动脉冲x射线源断层合成成像系统的逐行扫描 | |
| EP2150918B1 (en) | Methods and systems for improving spatial and temporal resolution of computed images of moving objects | |
| JP5142664B2 (ja) | X線コンピュータ断層撮影装置 | |
| US10565744B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for processing a medical image to reduce motion artifacts | |
| JPH11276474A (ja) | 断層画像形成システム | |
| NL1028225C2 (nl) | Werkwijze en inrichting voor artefactreductie in met een kegelbundel werkende CT-beeldreconstructie. | |
| JPH09285460A (ja) | 物体の断層写真画像を発生するシステム | |
| JP4663287B2 (ja) | 灌流検査を実行する方法、装置、及びコンピュータ読み取り可能な媒体 | |
| US7215734B2 (en) | Method and system for three-dimensional reconstruction of images | |
| JP2002330957A (ja) | コンピュータ断層撮影画像のヘリカル行ビュー重み付け | |
| US7154987B2 (en) | Projection gating of x-ray CT scan | |
| US6968032B2 (en) | Systems and methods for filtering images | |
| EP1913553A2 (en) | Cardiac region detection from motion analysis of small scale reconstruction | |
| US7379525B2 (en) | Method and system for efficient helical cone-beam reconstruction | |
| US6597756B1 (en) | Methods and apparatus for multi-slice image reconstruction | |
| JP2008519636A (ja) | 周期運動物体の検査のためのコンピュータ断層撮影方法 | |
| JP4356061B2 (ja) | 投影データに加重する方法及び装置 | |
| JP2008529637A (ja) | 螺旋相対運動及び円錐ビーム束を用いたコンピュータ断層撮影方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AD1A | A request for search or an international type search has been filed | ||
| RD2N | Patents in respect of which a decision has been taken or a report has been made (novelty report) |
Effective date: 20050927 |
|
| PD2B | A search report has been drawn up | ||
| MM | Lapsed because of non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20181101 |