MY146528A - Repairing and restoring strength of etch-damaged low-k dielectric materials - Google Patents

Repairing and restoring strength of etch-damaged low-k dielectric materials

Info

Publication number
MY146528A
MY146528A MYPI20085122A MYPI20085122A MY146528A MY 146528 A MY146528 A MY 146528A MY PI20085122 A MYPI20085122 A MY PI20085122A MY PI20085122 A MYPI20085122 A MY PI20085122A MY 146528 A MY146528 A MY 146528A
Authority
MY
Malaysia
Prior art keywords
bound
catalyst
silanol groups
silane
repairing
Prior art date
Application number
MYPI20085122A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Deyoung James
Original Assignee
Lam Res Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lam Res Corp filed Critical Lam Res Corp
Publication of MY146528A publication Critical patent/MY146528A/en

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/18Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping
    • B05D1/185Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping applying monomolecular layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/18Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
    • H01L21/30Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
    • H01L21/31Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
    • H01L21/3105After-treatment
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/70Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/71Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
    • H01L21/768Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
    • H01L21/76801Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing
    • H01L21/76802Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing by forming openings in dielectrics
    • H01L21/76814Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing by forming openings in dielectrics post-treatment or after-treatment, e.g. cleaning or removal of oxides on underlying conductors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/70Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/71Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
    • H01L21/768Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
    • H01L21/76801Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing
    • H01L21/76822Modification of the material of dielectric layers, e.g. grading, after-treatment to improve the stability of the layers, to increase their density etc.
    • H01L21/76826Modification of the material of dielectric layers, e.g. grading, after-treatment to improve the stability of the layers, to increase their density etc. by contacting the layer with gases, liquids or plasmas
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2401/00Form of the coating product, e.g. solution, water dispersion, powders or the like
    • B05D2401/90Form of the coating product, e.g. solution, water dispersion, powders or the like at least one component of the composition being in supercritical state or close to supercritical state
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/005Repairing damaged coatings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02107Forming insulating materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02109Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
    • H01L21/02112Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
    • H01L21/02123Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon
    • H01L21/02126Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon the material containing Si, O, and at least one of H, N, C, F, or other non-metal elements, e.g. SiOC, SiOC:H or SiONC
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02107Forming insulating materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02109Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
    • H01L21/02203Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being porous

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Formation Of Insulating Films (AREA)
  • Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Drying Of Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Cleaning Or Drying Semiconductors (AREA)
MYPI20085122A 2006-06-27 2007-06-21 Repairing and restoring strength of etch-damaged low-k dielectric materials MY146528A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/475,206 US7807219B2 (en) 2006-06-27 2006-06-27 Repairing and restoring strength of etch-damaged low-k dielectric materials

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
MY146528A true MY146528A (en) 2012-08-15

Family

ID=38845944

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
MYPI20085122A MY146528A (en) 2006-06-27 2007-06-21 Repairing and restoring strength of etch-damaged low-k dielectric materials

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US7807219B2 (enExample)
JP (1) JP2009543339A (enExample)
KR (1) KR101392647B1 (enExample)
CN (1) CN101479830B (enExample)
MY (1) MY146528A (enExample)
SG (1) SG173321A1 (enExample)
TW (1) TWI424497B (enExample)
WO (1) WO2008002443A1 (enExample)

Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4884180B2 (ja) * 2006-11-21 2012-02-29 東京エレクトロン株式会社 基板処理装置および基板処理方法
JP5132244B2 (ja) * 2007-10-18 2013-01-30 大陽日酸株式会社 絶縁膜のダメージ回復方法および回復剤
CN102089861B (zh) * 2007-12-19 2013-03-27 朗姆研究公司 低k电介质材料的汽相修复和孔密封
CN103258729B (zh) 2007-12-21 2016-07-06 朗姆研究公司 硅结构的制造和带有形貌控制的深硅蚀刻
JP5322152B2 (ja) * 2008-03-25 2013-10-23 日本カーリット株式会社 シリコン化合物の製造方法
EP2283713B1 (en) 2008-05-22 2018-03-28 Vladimir Yegorovich Balakin Multi-axis charged particle cancer therapy apparatus
JP2011523169A (ja) 2008-05-22 2011-08-04 エゴロヴィチ バラキン、ウラジミール 荷電粒子癌治療システムと併用する荷電粒子ビーム抽出方法及び装置
US8896239B2 (en) 2008-05-22 2014-11-25 Vladimir Yegorovich Balakin Charged particle beam injection method and apparatus used in conjunction with a charged particle cancer therapy system
WO2009142547A2 (en) 2008-05-22 2009-11-26 Vladimir Yegorovich Balakin Charged particle beam acceleration method and apparatus as part of a charged particle cancer therapy system
US8173547B2 (en) * 2008-10-23 2012-05-08 Lam Research Corporation Silicon etch with passivation using plasma enhanced oxidation
CN102387836B (zh) 2009-03-04 2016-03-16 普罗汤姆封闭式股份公司 多场带电粒子癌症治疗设备
US20110097904A1 (en) * 2009-10-22 2011-04-28 Lam Research Corporation Method for repairing low-k dielectric damage
US7981699B2 (en) * 2009-10-22 2011-07-19 Lam Research Corporation Method for tunably repairing low-k dielectric damage
WO2013012752A2 (en) 2011-07-15 2013-01-24 Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc. Methods and compositions for manipulating translation of protein isoforms from alternative initiation start sites
US9627608B2 (en) * 2014-09-11 2017-04-18 Lam Research Corporation Dielectric repair for emerging memory devices
CN104841405A (zh) * 2015-05-08 2015-08-19 武汉科奥美萃生物科技有限公司 一种高效液相色谱反相键合相的超/亚临界流体封端方法
US9763322B2 (en) 2016-01-19 2017-09-12 Industrial Technology Research Institute Flexible substrate repair structure, manufacturing method thereof, and inspection and repair method of flexible substrate
KR102733881B1 (ko) 2016-09-12 2024-11-27 삼성전자주식회사 배선 구조체를 갖는 반도체 소자
WO2019135901A1 (en) * 2018-01-05 2019-07-11 Fujifilm Electronic Materials U.S.A., Inc. Surface treatment compositions and methods
KR102480348B1 (ko) * 2018-03-15 2022-12-23 삼성전자주식회사 실리콘게르마늄 식각 전의 전처리 조성물 및 이를 이용한 반도체 장치의 제조 방법
KR20240083661A (ko) 2022-12-05 2024-06-12 윤소정 노크식 돌돌이 쓰레받기

Family Cites Families (51)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0722698B2 (ja) * 1990-11-16 1995-03-15 日本電装株式会社 脱臭用活性炭及びその製造方法
EP0675128B1 (en) * 1994-03-31 2001-12-05 Sivento Inc. Method for preparation of stable water-borne silane compositions
JPH08337654A (ja) * 1995-06-14 1996-12-24 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 化学吸着膜の製造方法及びこれに用いる化学吸着液
US5998541A (en) * 1995-06-14 1999-12-07 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Finishing agents and method of using the same
US6200943B1 (en) 1998-05-28 2001-03-13 Micell Technologies, Inc. Combination surfactant systems for use in carbon dioxide-based cleaning formulations
US6037275A (en) * 1998-08-27 2000-03-14 Alliedsignal Inc. Nanoporous silica via combined stream deposition
US6277203B1 (en) 1998-09-29 2001-08-21 Lam Research Corporation Method and apparatus for cleaning low K dielectric and metal wafer surfaces
US6531224B1 (en) 1999-03-19 2003-03-11 Battelle Memorial Institute Self-assembled monolayer and method of making
US6875687B1 (en) 1999-10-18 2005-04-05 Applied Materials, Inc. Capping layer for extreme low dielectric constant films
US6748960B1 (en) 1999-11-02 2004-06-15 Tokyo Electron Limited Apparatus for supercritical processing of multiple workpieces
US6323121B1 (en) 2000-05-12 2001-11-27 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Fully dry post-via-etch cleaning method for a damascene process
CN1279588C (zh) * 2000-06-23 2006-10-11 霍尼韦尔国际公司 恢复电介质膜及电介质材料中疏水性的方法
US6337277B1 (en) 2000-06-28 2002-01-08 Lam Research Corporation Clean chemistry low-k organic polymer etch
US6457477B1 (en) 2000-07-24 2002-10-01 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Method of cleaning a copper/porous low-k dual damascene etch
US6486078B1 (en) 2000-08-22 2002-11-26 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Super critical drying of low k materials
KR20030046506A (ko) 2000-10-13 2003-06-12 미셀 테크놀로지즈, 인코포레이티드 이산화탄소 및 분리형 압력용기를 이용하는 드라이크리닝처리용 기구 및 방법
US6893969B2 (en) 2001-02-12 2005-05-17 Lam Research Corporation Use of ammonia for etching organic low-k dielectrics
US6777344B2 (en) 2001-02-12 2004-08-17 Lam Research Corporation Post-etch photoresist strip with O2 and NH3 for organosilicate glass low-K dielectric etch applications
US6620733B2 (en) 2001-02-12 2003-09-16 Lam Research Corporation Use of hydrocarbon addition for the elimination of micromasking during etching of organic low-k dielectrics
US6841483B2 (en) 2001-02-12 2005-01-11 Lam Research Corporation Unique process chemistry for etching organic low-k materials
US6602351B2 (en) 2001-02-15 2003-08-05 Micell Technologies, Inc. Methods for the control of contaminants following carbon dioxide cleaning of microelectronic structures
US6905555B2 (en) 2001-02-15 2005-06-14 Micell Technologies, Inc. Methods for transferring supercritical fluids in microelectronic and other industrial processes
US6561220B2 (en) 2001-04-23 2003-05-13 International Business Machines, Corp. Apparatus and method for increasing throughput in fluid processing
US6794293B2 (en) 2001-10-05 2004-09-21 Lam Research Corporation Trench etch process for low-k dielectrics
US7049226B2 (en) 2001-09-26 2006-05-23 Applied Materials, Inc. Integration of ALD tantalum nitride for copper metallization
US6949411B1 (en) 2001-12-27 2005-09-27 Lam Research Corporation Method for post-etch and strip residue removal on coral films
US20050227183A1 (en) 2002-01-11 2005-10-13 Mark Wagner Compositions and methods for image development of conventional chemically amplified photoresists
US7387868B2 (en) 2002-03-04 2008-06-17 Tokyo Electron Limited Treatment of a dielectric layer using supercritical CO2
JP4246640B2 (ja) 2002-03-04 2009-04-02 東京エレクトロン株式会社 ウェハ処理において低誘電率材料を不動態化する方法
JP4424998B2 (ja) * 2002-04-12 2010-03-03 東京エレクトロン株式会社 多孔質誘電体膜の洗浄中のダメージを低減する処理方法
US6669785B2 (en) 2002-05-15 2003-12-30 Micell Technologies, Inc. Methods and compositions for etch cleaning microelectronic substrates in carbon dioxide
JP2004158534A (ja) 2002-11-05 2004-06-03 Kobe Steel Ltd 微細構造体の洗浄方法
US7709371B2 (en) * 2003-01-25 2010-05-04 Honeywell International Inc. Repairing damage to low-k dielectric materials using silylating agents
US6989172B2 (en) 2003-01-27 2006-01-24 Micell Technologies, Inc. Method of coating microelectronic substrates
US7392815B2 (en) 2003-03-31 2008-07-01 Lam Research Corporation Chamber for wafer cleaning and method for making the same
US7153388B2 (en) 2003-03-31 2006-12-26 Lam Research Corporation Chamber for high-pressure wafer processing and method for making the same
US7357115B2 (en) 2003-03-31 2008-04-15 Lam Research Corporation Wafer clamping apparatus and method for operating the same
US7256134B2 (en) 2003-08-01 2007-08-14 Applied Materials, Inc. Selective etching of carbon-doped low-k dielectrics
US8475666B2 (en) 2004-09-15 2013-07-02 Honeywell International Inc. Method for making toughening agent materials
US7345000B2 (en) 2003-10-10 2008-03-18 Tokyo Electron Limited Method and system for treating a dielectric film
US7141496B2 (en) 2004-01-22 2006-11-28 Micell Technologies, Inc. Method of treating microelectronic substrates
US20050183740A1 (en) 2004-02-19 2005-08-25 Fulton John L. Process and apparatus for removing residues from semiconductor substrates
JP4312630B2 (ja) 2004-03-02 2009-08-12 東京エレクトロン株式会社 プラズマ処理方法及びプラズマ処理装置
US20050196974A1 (en) * 2004-03-02 2005-09-08 Weigel Scott J. Compositions for preparing low dielectric materials containing solvents
US7037823B2 (en) 2004-04-20 2006-05-02 Texas Instruments Incorporated Method to reduce silanol and improve barrier properties in low k dielectric ic interconnects
US7354623B2 (en) 2004-05-24 2008-04-08 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. Surface modification of a porous organic material through the use of a supercritical fluid
WO2006033836A2 (en) * 2004-09-15 2006-03-30 Honeywell International Inc. Treating agent materials
US7445015B2 (en) 2004-09-30 2008-11-04 Lam Research Corporation Cluster tool process chamber having integrated high pressure and vacuum chambers
JP2006124410A (ja) * 2004-09-30 2006-05-18 Jsr Corp 表面疎水化用組成物、表面疎水化方法、半導体装置およびその製造方法
US20060102895A1 (en) 2004-11-16 2006-05-18 Hendrix Bryan C Precursor compositions for forming tantalum-containing films, and tantalum-containing barrier films and copper-metallized semiconductor device structures
US7678712B2 (en) * 2005-03-22 2010-03-16 Honeywell International, Inc. Vapor phase treatment of dielectric materials

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW200816309A (en) 2008-04-01
CN101479830B (zh) 2012-04-04
SG173321A1 (en) 2011-08-29
KR101392647B1 (ko) 2014-05-19
JP2009543339A (ja) 2009-12-03
TWI424497B (zh) 2014-01-21
WO2008002443A1 (en) 2008-01-03
CN101479830A (zh) 2009-07-08
US7807219B2 (en) 2010-10-05
US20070298163A1 (en) 2007-12-27
KR20090025343A (ko) 2009-03-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
MY146528A (en) Repairing and restoring strength of etch-damaged low-k dielectric materials
TW200943417A (en) Vapor phase repair and pore sealing of low-k dielectric materials
TW200737338A (en) Batch processing system and method for performing chemical oxide removal
JP7429685B2 (ja) 水素の生成のための方法
US9669400B2 (en) Method for purifying silane compound or chlorosilane compound, method for producing polycrystalline silicon, and method for regenerating weakly basic ion-exchange resin
JP2009543339A5 (enExample)
TW200806341A (en) Water-absorbing polymer structure having improved permeability and absorption under pressure
WO2009016149A3 (en) Process for manufacturing glycidol
WO2010081505A3 (de) Solarzelle und verfahren zur herstellung einer solarzelle aus einem siliziumsubstrat
CN107004563A (zh) 使用水蒸气连同氢气或含氢气体的等离子体减量
WO2010051173A3 (en) Fluoride ion cleaning method
WO2011050171A3 (en) Method for tunably repairing low-k dielectric damage
WO2010016401A3 (en) Process for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
DE502006008382D1 (de) Reaktor und verfahren zur herstellung von silizium
TW200711757A (en) Method for removing surface deposits and passivating interior surfaces of the interior of a chemical vapor deposition reactor
WO2010060630A3 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von reinstsilzium
WO2008105464A1 (ja) カルボン酸クロライドの製造方法
TWI262931B (en) Organic silicate polymer and insulation film comprising the same
WO2011047302A3 (en) Chamber cleaning methods using fluorine containing cleaning compounds
TW200636838A (en) Method and system for treating a substrate with a high pressure fluid using fluorosilicic acid
WO2008066841A3 (en) Inductively heated trap
CA2591078A1 (en) Method of removing sulfur from sulfur-containing hydrocarbon streams
KR20130004319A (ko) 헥사클로로디실란 함유 증기의 처리 방법
WO2008014920A3 (en) Catalytic cracking of organic compounds using zeolite itq-33
WO2010021508A3 (ko) 반도체 장비 부품 세정 방법 및 이를 이용한 반도체 장비 부품 세정 장치