MXPA03004997A - Aparato y metodo para calentamiento de catalizador para inicio de operacion de procesador de combustible compacto. - Google Patents

Aparato y metodo para calentamiento de catalizador para inicio de operacion de procesador de combustible compacto.

Info

Publication number
MXPA03004997A
MXPA03004997A MXPA03004997A MXPA03004997A MXPA03004997A MX PA03004997 A MXPA03004997 A MX PA03004997A MX PA03004997 A MXPA03004997 A MX PA03004997A MX PA03004997 A MXPA03004997 A MX PA03004997A MX PA03004997 A MXPA03004997 A MX PA03004997A
Authority
MX
Mexico
Prior art keywords
fuel processor
compact fuel
heating catalyst
catalyst
cooling coil
Prior art date
Application number
MXPA03004997A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jennifer L Phan
Original Assignee
Texaco Development Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Texaco Development Corp filed Critical Texaco Development Corp
Publication of MXPA03004997A publication Critical patent/MXPA03004997A/es

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0446Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical
    • B01J8/0476Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more otherwise shaped beds
    • B01J8/0488Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more otherwise shaped beds the beds being placed in separate reactors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J19/0013Controlling the temperature of the process
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J19/2475Membrane reactors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J19/248Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
    • B01J19/2485Monolithic reactors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/008Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction
    • B01J8/009Membranes, e.g. feeding or removing reactants or products to or from the catalyst bed through a membrane
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0278Feeding reactive fluids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0285Heating or cooling the reactor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0403Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal
    • B01J8/0423Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more otherwise shaped beds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0446Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical
    • B01J8/0449Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more cylindrical beds
    • B01J8/0453Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more cylindrical beds the beds being superimposed one above the other
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0446Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical
    • B01J8/0476Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more otherwise shaped beds
    • B01J8/048Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more otherwise shaped beds the beds being superimposed one above the other
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0492Feeding reactive fluids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0496Heating or cooling the reactor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/06Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
    • B01J8/067Heating or cooling the reactor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/06Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
    • C01B3/12Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
    • C01B3/16Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C01B3/382Multi-step processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C01B3/384Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C01B3/386Catalytic partial combustion
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/48Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/50Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
    • C01B3/56Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids
    • C01B3/58Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids including a catalytic reaction
    • C01B3/583Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids including a catalytic reaction the reaction being the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04037Electrical heating
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0625Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
    • H01M8/0631Reactor construction specially adapted for combination reactor/fuel cell
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • H01M8/0668Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00115Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements inside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00141Coils
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00176Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles outside the reactor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00194Tubes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00203Coils
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00389Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements
    • B01J2208/00407Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements outside the reactor bed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00389Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements
    • B01J2208/00415Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements electric resistance heaters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00716Means for reactor start-up
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00796Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
    • B01J2208/00805Details of the particulate material
    • B01J2208/00814Details of the particulate material the particulate material being provides in prefilled containers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/02Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor with stationary particles
    • B01J2208/023Details
    • B01J2208/024Particulate material
    • B01J2208/025Two or more types of catalyst
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00002Chemical plants
    • B01J2219/00018Construction aspects
    • B01J2219/0002Plants assembled from modules joined together
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00076Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements inside the reactor
    • B01J2219/00083Coils
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00132Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements
    • B01J2219/00135Electric resistance heaters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/18Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor
    • B01J2219/182Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor horizontal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/18Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor
    • B01J2219/185Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor vertical
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/19Details relating to the geometry of the reactor
    • B01J2219/194Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round
    • B01J2219/1941Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round circular or disk-shaped
    • B01J2219/1944Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round circular or disk-shaped spiral
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0227Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
    • C01B2203/0244Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being an autothermal reforming step, e.g. secondary reforming processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0283Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0283Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
    • C01B2203/0288Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step containing two CO-shift steps
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0435Catalytic purification
    • C01B2203/044Selective oxidation of carbon monoxide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0455Purification by non-catalytic desulfurisation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0465Composition of the impurity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0465Composition of the impurity
    • C01B2203/047Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon monoxide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0465Composition of the impurity
    • C01B2203/0485Composition of the impurity the impurity being a sulfur compound
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0465Composition of the impurity
    • C01B2203/0495Composition of the impurity the impurity being water
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/06Integration with other chemical processes
    • C01B2203/066Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0838Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by heat exchange with exothermic reactions, other than by combustion of fuel
    • C01B2203/0844Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by heat exchange with exothermic reactions, other than by combustion of fuel the non-combustive exothermic reaction being another reforming reaction as defined in groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/0294
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/085Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by electric heating
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0866Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combination of different heating methods
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0872Methods of cooling
    • C01B2203/0877Methods of cooling by direct injection of fluid
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0872Methods of cooling
    • C01B2203/0883Methods of cooling by indirect heat exchange
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0872Methods of cooling
    • C01B2203/0888Methods of cooling by evaporation of a fluid
    • C01B2203/0894Generation of steam
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1005Arrangement or shape of catalyst
    • C01B2203/1011Packed bed of catalytic structures, e.g. particles, packing elements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1005Arrangement or shape of catalyst
    • C01B2203/1011Packed bed of catalytic structures, e.g. particles, packing elements
    • C01B2203/1017Packed bed of catalytic structures, e.g. particles, packing elements characterised by the form of the structure
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1005Arrangement or shape of catalyst
    • C01B2203/1023Catalysts in the form of a monolith or honeycomb
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1005Arrangement or shape of catalyst
    • C01B2203/1035Catalyst coated on equipment surfaces, e.g. reactor walls
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1041Composition of the catalyst
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1041Composition of the catalyst
    • C01B2203/1082Composition of support materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/12Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1205Composition of the feed
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/12Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1205Composition of the feed
    • C01B2203/1211Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1235Hydrocarbons
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/12Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1276Mixing of different feed components
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/14Details of the flowsheet
    • C01B2203/142At least two reforming, decomposition or partial oxidation steps in series
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/14Details of the flowsheet
    • C01B2203/146At least two purification steps in series
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/14Details of the flowsheet
    • C01B2203/146At least two purification steps in series
    • C01B2203/147Three or more purification steps in series
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/16Controlling the process
    • C01B2203/1604Starting up the process
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/80Aspect of integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas not covered by groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/1695
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/80Aspect of integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas not covered by groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/1695
    • C01B2203/82Several process steps of C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/08 integrated into a single apparatus
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H01M8/04022Heating by combustion
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04059Evaporative processes for the cooling of a fuel cell
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
MXPA03004997A 2000-12-05 2001-12-05 Aparato y metodo para calentamiento de catalizador para inicio de operacion de procesador de combustible compacto. MXPA03004997A (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US25122600P 2000-12-05 2000-12-05
PCT/US2001/047375 WO2002046676A1 (en) 2000-12-05 2001-12-05 Apparatus and method for heating catalyst for start-up of a compact fuel processor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
MXPA03004997A true MXPA03004997A (es) 2003-09-05

Family

ID=22951014

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
MXPA03004997A MXPA03004997A (es) 2000-12-05 2001-12-05 Aparato y metodo para calentamiento de catalizador para inicio de operacion de procesador de combustible compacto.
MXPA03004998A MXPA03004998A (es) 2000-12-05 2001-12-05 Procesador de combustible compacto para producir gas rico en hidrogeno.

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
MXPA03004998A MXPA03004998A (es) 2000-12-05 2001-12-05 Procesador de combustible compacto para producir gas rico en hidrogeno.

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (7) US7135154B2 (es)
EP (4) EP1346183A4 (es)
JP (3) JP4318917B2 (es)
KR (2) KR100929886B1 (es)
CN (2) CN100368753C (es)
AT (1) ATE455591T1 (es)
AU (8) AU3658402A (es)
BR (2) BR0115947A (es)
CA (3) CA2436997C (es)
DE (1) DE60141163D1 (es)
DK (1) DK1347826T3 (es)
ES (1) ES2340760T3 (es)
HK (2) HK1061886A1 (es)
MX (2) MXPA03004997A (es)
NO (2) NO332183B1 (es)
WO (5) WO2002045838A1 (es)

Families Citing this family (116)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4318917B2 (ja) * 2000-12-05 2009-08-26 テキサコ ディベラップメント コーポレイション 水素リッチのガスを生成させるためのコンパクトな燃料処理装置
US6824577B2 (en) * 2000-12-12 2004-11-30 Texaco Inc. Nested compact fuel processor for producing hydrogen rich gas
JP4285992B2 (ja) * 2000-12-13 2009-06-24 テキサコ ディベラップメント コーポレイション 単一チャンバーのコンパクトな燃料処理装置
US7160340B2 (en) * 2001-04-26 2007-01-09 Texaco Inc. Single chamber compact fuel processor
JP4648566B2 (ja) * 2001-05-11 2011-03-09 Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 オートサーマルリフォーミング触媒および燃料電池用燃料ガスの製造方法
JP4648567B2 (ja) * 2001-05-11 2011-03-09 Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 オートサーマルリフォーミング触媒および燃料電池用燃料ガスの製造方法
JP4588320B2 (ja) * 2001-08-11 2010-12-01 テキサコ ディベラップメント コーポレイション ヒート・パイプ冷却を用いる燃料プロセッサ
DE60225321T2 (de) 2001-12-03 2009-02-26 Eaton Corp., Cleveland System und verfahren zur verbesserten emissionskontrolle von brennkraftmaschinen
US7082753B2 (en) * 2001-12-03 2006-08-01 Catalytica Energy Systems, Inc. System and methods for improved emission control of internal combustion engines using pulsed fuel flow
US7052636B2 (en) * 2002-01-15 2006-05-30 3M Innovative Properties Company Heat treated profile extruded hook
US6693057B1 (en) * 2002-03-22 2004-02-17 Sud-Chemie Inc. Water gas shift catalyst
US7195742B2 (en) * 2002-07-26 2007-03-27 Utc Fuel Cells, Llc Preferential oxidation reactor and process
AU2003277384A1 (en) * 2002-10-25 2004-05-25 Nuvera Fuel Cells Autothermal reforming catalyst
US7069981B2 (en) * 2002-11-08 2006-07-04 Modine Manufacturing Company Heat exchanger
WO2004046514A1 (en) 2002-11-15 2004-06-03 Catalytica Energy Systems, Inc. Devices and methods for reduction of nox emissions from lean burn engines
EP1419812B1 (en) * 2002-11-15 2015-09-16 Haldor Topsoe A/S High temperature fixed bed reactor and its use
US7105148B2 (en) * 2002-11-26 2006-09-12 General Motors Corporation Methods for producing hydrogen from a fuel
US7459224B1 (en) 2002-11-26 2008-12-02 General Motors Corporation Methods, apparatus, and systems for producing hydrogen from a fuel
US7156887B1 (en) 2002-11-26 2007-01-02 General Motors Corporation Methods, apparatus, and systems for producing hydrogen from a fuel
US7488359B1 (en) 2002-12-19 2009-02-10 Hyradix, Inc. Compact reformer and water gas shift reactor for producing varying amounts of hydrogen
FR2850372B1 (fr) * 2003-01-23 2006-06-09 Inst Francais Du Petrole Nouveau reacteur d'oxydation partielle
JP3663422B2 (ja) * 2003-03-14 2005-06-22 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 メタノールを原料とする水素製造方法及びこの方法を用いた水素製造装置
US7722832B2 (en) 2003-03-25 2010-05-25 Crystaphase International, Inc. Separation method and assembly for process streams in component separation units
US6979503B2 (en) * 2003-04-04 2005-12-27 Texaco Inc. Method and apparatus for burst disk identification
US7081144B2 (en) * 2003-04-04 2006-07-25 Texaco Inc. Autothermal reforming in a fuel processor utilizing non-pyrophoric shift catalyst
US7410710B2 (en) * 2003-04-04 2008-08-12 Texaco Inc. Firstout shutdown tracing for fuel processor control system
US20040197239A1 (en) * 2003-04-04 2004-10-07 Mirkovic Vesna R. Temperature control in combustion process
US7318970B2 (en) * 2003-04-04 2008-01-15 Texaco Inc. Architectural hierarchy of control for a fuel processor
US7101175B2 (en) * 2003-04-04 2006-09-05 Texaco Inc. Anode tailgas oxidizer
US6759156B1 (en) 2003-04-04 2004-07-06 Texaco Inc. Operating states for fuel processor subsystems
US7829227B2 (en) * 2003-04-04 2010-11-09 Texaco Inc. Integrated fuel processor apparatus and enclosure and methods of using same
US20040197622A1 (en) * 2003-04-04 2004-10-07 Texaco Inc. Method and apparatus for separating liquid from a gas stream
US6796332B1 (en) 2003-04-04 2004-09-28 Texaco Inc Fluid balance control system for use in a fuel processor
US20040197619A1 (en) * 2003-04-04 2004-10-07 Deshpande Vijay A. Coolant system for fuel processor
US7235217B2 (en) * 2003-04-04 2007-06-26 Texaco Inc. Method and apparatus for rapid heating of fuel reforming reactants
US7153334B2 (en) * 2003-05-21 2006-12-26 General Motors Corporation Fuel reforming system and method of operation
WO2005053831A2 (en) * 2003-11-26 2005-06-16 Cabot Corporation Fuel reformer catalyst and absorbent materials
US7267811B2 (en) 2003-11-26 2007-09-11 Cabot Corporation Fuel reformer catalyst and absorbent materials
DE10355494B4 (de) * 2003-11-27 2009-12-03 Enerday Gmbh System und Verfahren zum Umsetzen von Brennstoff und Oxidationsmittel zu Reformat
US7629289B2 (en) * 2004-06-23 2009-12-08 Uop Llc Selective naphtha desulfurization process and catalyst
DE102004059014B4 (de) * 2004-12-08 2009-02-05 Lurgi Gmbh Reaktionsbehälter zur Herstellung von H2 und CO enthaltendem Synthesegas
US7354463B2 (en) * 2004-12-17 2008-04-08 Texaco Inc. Apparatus and methods for producing hydrogen
US7892304B2 (en) * 2004-12-17 2011-02-22 Texaco Inc. Apparatus and method for controlling compressor motor speed in a hydrogen generator
US7354464B2 (en) * 2004-12-17 2008-04-08 Texaco Inc. Apparatus and method for producing hydrogen
US7645307B2 (en) * 2004-12-17 2010-01-12 Texaco Inc. Combinational control strategy for fuel processor reactor shift temperature control
US7402287B2 (en) * 2004-12-17 2008-07-22 Texaco Inc. Apparatus and methods for producing hydrogen
US7438079B2 (en) * 2005-02-04 2008-10-21 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. In-line gas purity monitoring and control system
US7749376B2 (en) * 2005-08-15 2010-07-06 Sud-Chemie Inc. Process for sulfur adsorption using copper-containing catalyst
US20070072949A1 (en) * 2005-09-28 2007-03-29 General Electric Company Methods and apparatus for hydrogen gas production
US8444951B2 (en) * 2005-11-04 2013-05-21 Precision Combustion, Inc. Catalytic process and system for converting liquid fuels into syngas
US20070151154A1 (en) * 2005-11-04 2007-07-05 Maxim Lyubovsky Catalytic system for converting liquid fuels into syngas
US8557189B2 (en) 2005-11-04 2013-10-15 Precision Combustion, Inc. Catalytic system for converting liquid fuels into syngas
US8679545B2 (en) * 2005-11-12 2014-03-25 The Regents Of The University Of California Topical corticosteroids for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract
US9605522B2 (en) * 2006-03-29 2017-03-28 Pioneer Energy, Inc. Apparatus and method for extracting petroleum from underground sites using reformed gases
US7506685B2 (en) * 2006-03-29 2009-03-24 Pioneer Energy, Inc. Apparatus and method for extracting petroleum from underground sites using reformed gases
JP2007269615A (ja) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-18 Miura Co Ltd 水素生成機およびこれを用いた燃料電池システム
US20080069765A1 (en) * 2006-09-19 2008-03-20 Weibin Jiang Catalyst configuration and methods for syngas production
GB0619835D0 (en) * 2006-10-06 2006-11-15 Univ Bath Apparatus and process for use in three-phase catalytic reactions
BRPI0719670A2 (pt) * 2006-11-30 2013-12-17 Shell Int Research Processo e sistema para produzir hidrogênio e dióxido de carbono a partir de um gás contendo hidrocarboneto.
US7578669B2 (en) * 2006-12-14 2009-08-25 Texaco Inc. Hybrid combustor for fuel processing applications
US20080141584A1 (en) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 Texaco Inc. Methods for Using a Catalyst Preburner in Fuel Processing Applications
US7832364B2 (en) 2006-12-14 2010-11-16 Texaco Inc. Heat transfer unit for steam generation and gas preheating
DE102007001396A1 (de) * 2007-01-09 2008-07-10 Pierburg Gmbh Thermolysereaktor
US8616294B2 (en) * 2007-05-20 2013-12-31 Pioneer Energy, Inc. Systems and methods for generating in-situ carbon dioxide driver gas for use in enhanced oil recovery
US7918906B2 (en) * 2007-05-20 2011-04-05 Pioneer Energy Inc. Compact natural gas steam reformer with linear countercurrent heat exchanger
ITVR20070114A1 (it) * 2007-08-07 2009-02-08 I C I Caldaie S P A Struttura di reattore chimico
JP5396749B2 (ja) * 2008-06-11 2014-01-22 株式会社Ihi グリセリン改質装置および改質方法
DE102008031092A1 (de) * 2008-07-01 2010-01-07 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Wasserstoff
US8450536B2 (en) 2008-07-17 2013-05-28 Pioneer Energy, Inc. Methods of higher alcohol synthesis
KR100991263B1 (ko) * 2008-08-01 2010-11-01 현대중공업 주식회사 천연가스를 수증기와 이산화탄소로 동시에 개질하는 혼합개질 반응용 니켈계 촉매
US8940660B2 (en) * 2008-12-04 2015-01-27 Uop Llc Simultaneous warm gas desulfurization and complete CO-shift for improved syngas cleanup
WO2010087791A1 (en) * 2009-01-27 2010-08-05 Utc Power Corporation Distributively cooled, integrated water-gas shift reactor and vaporizer
US8632922B2 (en) * 2009-06-16 2014-01-21 Shell Oil Company Systems and processes for operating fuel cell systems
US8795912B2 (en) * 2009-06-16 2014-08-05 Shell Oil Company Systems and processes for operating fuel cell systems
US7937948B2 (en) * 2009-09-23 2011-05-10 Pioneer Energy, Inc. Systems and methods for generating electricity from carbonaceous material with substantially no carbon dioxide emissions
FR2953150B1 (fr) * 2009-12-01 2013-08-09 Air Liquide Reacteur catalytique comprenant une structure alveolaire catalytique et au moins un element structural
CA2689004A1 (en) 2009-12-22 2011-06-22 Hristo Sapoundjiev Method and apparatus for a hybrid flow reversal catalytic reactor
FR2956040B1 (fr) * 2010-02-05 2013-09-27 Inst Francais Du Petrole Reacteur de laboratoire contenant differents dispositifs internes pour ameliorer la distribution des fluides
US9126831B2 (en) 2010-03-31 2015-09-08 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Hydrogen/syngas generator with sampling ports
EP2455334A1 (en) 2010-11-18 2012-05-23 Tecnicas Reunidas, S.A. Ethanol processing system
DE102011014217A1 (de) * 2011-03-17 2012-09-20 Thyssenkrupp Uhde Gmbh Verfahren zur Inbetriebnahme autothermer Reformierungsreaktoren
WO2013135656A1 (de) * 2012-03-13 2013-09-19 Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh Verfahren zur reduktion von kohlendioxid bei hohen temperaturen an mischmetalloxid-katalysatoren in form von hexaaluminaten
WO2013135665A1 (de) * 2012-03-13 2013-09-19 Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh Verfahren zur reduktion von kohlendioxid bei hohen temperaturen an mischmetalloxid-katalysatoren in form von partiell substituierten hexaaluminaten
WO2013135664A1 (de) * 2012-03-13 2013-09-19 Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh Verfahren zur reduktion von kohlendioxid bei hohen temperaturen an mischmetalloxid-katalysatoren auf oxidischen mit aluminium, cer und/oder zirkonium dotierten trägern
WO2013135673A1 (de) * 2012-03-13 2013-09-19 Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh Verfahren zur reduktion von kohlendioxid bei hohen temperaturen an katalysatoren auf insbesondere carbidischen trägern
WO2013135659A1 (de) * 2012-03-13 2013-09-19 Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh Verfahren zur reduktion von kohlendioxid bei hohen temperaturen an oxidischen katalysatoren umfassend nickel und ruthenium
WO2013135660A1 (de) * 2012-03-13 2013-09-19 Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh Axialer strömungsreaktor mit heiz- und zwischenebenen
WO2013135662A1 (de) * 2012-03-13 2013-09-19 Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh Verfahren zur reduktion von kohlendioxid bei hohen temperaturen an mischmetalloxidkatalysatoren
WO2013135663A1 (de) * 2012-03-13 2013-09-19 Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh Verfahren zur reduktion von kohlendioxid bei hohen temperaturen an mischmetalloxid-katalysatoren umfassend edelmetalle
WO2013135710A2 (de) * 2012-03-13 2013-09-19 Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh Verfahren zur durchführung der rwgs-reaktion in einem rohrbündelreaktor
WO2013135668A1 (de) * 2012-03-13 2013-09-19 Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh Chemisches reaktorsystem, umfassend einen axialen strömungsreaktor mit heiz- und zwischenebenen
KR101179539B1 (ko) 2012-05-09 2012-09-04 국방과학연구소 연료전지 시스템용 개질장치
US9238781B2 (en) 2012-09-05 2016-01-19 University Of South Carolina Systems and methods for liquid fuel desulfurization
US20140335625A1 (en) * 2013-05-10 2014-11-13 Cdti Temperature Control Method in a Laboratory Scale Reactor
DE102013113101B4 (de) * 2013-07-02 2015-11-12 Windmöller & Hölscher Kg Extrusionswerkzeug für einen Folienblaskopf sowie Blaskopf
US9499403B2 (en) 2013-07-10 2016-11-22 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Catalyst and process for thermo-neutral reforming of liquid hydrocarbons
WO2015069319A1 (en) * 2013-11-11 2015-05-14 Aerojet Rocketdyne, Inc. Reactor system for producing synthesis gas
US9595726B2 (en) 2014-01-07 2017-03-14 Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc. Fuel reforming system and process
WO2015198186A1 (en) 2014-06-23 2015-12-30 Tubitak An autothermal reformer reactor and a feeding system thereof
US10744426B2 (en) 2015-12-31 2020-08-18 Crystaphase Products, Inc. Structured elements and methods of use
US9732774B1 (en) * 2016-02-12 2017-08-15 Crystaphase Products, Inc. Use of treating elements to facilitate flow in vessels
US10054140B2 (en) 2016-02-12 2018-08-21 Crystaphase Products, Inc. Use of treating elements to facilitate flow in vessels
US10557391B1 (en) 2017-05-18 2020-02-11 Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc. Incineration system and process
EP3574991A1 (en) 2018-05-31 2019-12-04 Haldor Topsøe A/S Steam reforming heated by resistance heating
EA202092761A1 (ru) * 2018-05-31 2021-04-23 Хальдор Топсёэ А/С Эндотермические реакции с нагревом сопротивлением
US10746075B2 (en) * 2018-07-12 2020-08-18 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Thermoelectric module for use in a vehicle system
AT522323B1 (de) * 2019-05-21 2020-10-15 Lec Gmbh Membranreaktor
KR20220105677A (ko) 2019-12-20 2022-07-27 크라이스타페이즈 프로덕츠, 인크. 액체 공급 스트림으로의 가스 재포화
US11322766B2 (en) * 2020-05-28 2022-05-03 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Direct hydrocarbon metal supported solid oxide fuel cell
KR20230070206A (ko) 2020-09-09 2023-05-22 크라이스타페이즈 프로덕츠, 인크. 공정 용기 진입 구역
TWI769612B (zh) * 2020-11-02 2022-07-01 國立成功大學 渦捲式加熱裝置
US20240173691A1 (en) * 2021-04-15 2024-05-30 Shell Usa, Inc. Modular reactor configuration for production of chemicals with electrical heating for carrying out reactions
CN117480009A (zh) * 2021-05-28 2024-01-30 托普索公司 具有催化活性的电加热器
DE102021210249A1 (de) 2021-09-16 2023-03-16 Thyssenkrupp Ag Ammoniak-Synthese-Vorrichtung
BE1029758B1 (de) 2021-09-16 2023-04-11 Thyssenkrupp Ind Solutions Ag Ammoniak-Synthese-Vorrichtung
WO2023041619A1 (de) 2021-09-16 2023-03-23 Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions Ag Ammoniak-synthese-vorrichtung

Family Cites Families (95)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1986348A (en) * 1931-06-13 1935-01-01 Du Pont Apparatus for effecting gas reactions
US2443423A (en) * 1946-04-29 1948-06-15 Phillips Petroleum Co Apparatus for conducting endothermic catalytic conversions
US3023803A (en) * 1959-01-12 1962-03-06 Honeywell Regulator Co Control apparatus
US3572046A (en) * 1965-10-22 1971-03-23 Braun & Co C F Apparatus for purification of raw ammonia synthesis gas
DE1927850A1 (de) * 1968-06-03 1969-12-04 Kralovopolska Strojirna Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrung von exothermen katalytischen Gasreaktionen
US3572048A (en) 1968-10-14 1971-03-23 Wiremold Co Ominpositional cryogenic underwater breathind apparatus
US3720602A (en) * 1971-02-26 1973-03-13 Exxon Research Engineering Co Water injection in a hydrodesulfurization process
US3729936A (en) 1971-05-24 1973-05-01 Universal Oil Prod Co Method and means for catalytically treating engine exhaust gases
US3838994A (en) 1972-02-14 1974-10-01 Exxon Research Engineering Co Conversion of heavy hydrocarbons to a methane rich gas product
US3909299A (en) * 1973-10-01 1975-09-30 United Technologies Corp Fuel cell system including reform reactor
US3976507A (en) * 1975-02-12 1976-08-24 United Technologies Corporation Pressurized fuel cell power plant with single reactant gas stream
US3996016A (en) 1975-12-29 1976-12-07 Uop Inc. Variable capacity catalytic converter
US4033133A (en) * 1976-03-22 1977-07-05 California Institute Of Technology Start up system for hydrogen generator used with an internal combustion engine
US4046956A (en) * 1976-05-27 1977-09-06 United Technologies Corporation Process for controlling the output of a selective oxidizer
US4190641A (en) * 1978-12-06 1980-02-26 United Technologies Corporation Method for producing hydrogen
US4363654A (en) * 1980-04-08 1982-12-14 Geoffrey Frederick Production of reducing gas for furnace injection
IT1141102B (it) * 1980-11-28 1986-10-01 Ammonia Casale Sa Reattore assiale-radiale per sintesi eterogenee
US4522894A (en) * 1982-09-30 1985-06-11 Engelhard Corporation Fuel cell electric power production
US4927857A (en) * 1982-09-30 1990-05-22 Engelhard Corporation Method of methanol production
US4483691A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-11-20 Engelhard Corporation Production of synthetic natural gas from coal gasification liquid by-products
US4863707A (en) * 1982-09-30 1989-09-05 Engelhard Corporation Method of ammonia production
US4876409A (en) * 1987-03-30 1989-10-24 Atlantic Richfield Company Thin bed cofeed reactors for methane conversion
JPH0642940B2 (ja) * 1987-03-31 1994-06-08 東洋エンジニアリング株式会社 気体吸熱反応用装置
US5132007A (en) 1987-06-08 1992-07-21 Carbon Fuels Corporation Co-generation system for co-producing clean, coal-based fuels and electricity
JP2791130B2 (ja) * 1989-09-18 1998-08-27 株式会社東芝 燃料電池発電プラント
US4976747A (en) 1989-10-10 1990-12-11 International Fuel Cells Corporation Fuel treatment apparatus for fuel cells
JPH03237002A (ja) * 1990-02-14 1991-10-22 Kobe Steel Ltd 燃料電池用反応装置
JP2931362B2 (ja) * 1990-04-12 1999-08-09 日本碍子株式会社 抵抗調節型ヒーター及び触媒コンバーター
JPH0474701A (ja) * 1990-07-12 1992-03-10 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 一酸化炭素転化反応器
US5141432A (en) * 1990-07-18 1992-08-25 Radian Corporation Apparatus and method for combustion within porous matrix elements
JPH04196061A (ja) * 1990-11-28 1992-07-15 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd 一酸化炭素変成器
JPH04298228A (ja) * 1991-03-27 1992-10-22 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd 脱硫反応器
US5209906A (en) * 1991-05-10 1993-05-11 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Modular isothermal reactor
DE4132439A1 (de) * 1991-09-28 1993-04-01 Behr Gmbh & Co Abgaskatalysator
US5248566A (en) * 1991-11-25 1993-09-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Fuel cell system for transportation applications
JP2659504B2 (ja) * 1991-12-26 1997-09-30 大阪瓦斯株式会社 触媒燃焼装置
US6010675A (en) 1992-03-19 2000-01-04 International Fuel Cells Corp. Method of and apparatus for removing carbon monoxide from gaseous media
WO1994006539A1 (en) 1992-09-16 1994-03-31 Rotron Incorporated Biofilter with modular trays
GB9225188D0 (en) * 1992-12-02 1993-01-20 Rolls Royce & Ass Combined reformer and shift reactor
US5582805A (en) * 1992-12-21 1996-12-10 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Electrically heated catalytic apparatus
US5326537A (en) * 1993-01-29 1994-07-05 Cleary James M Counterflow catalytic device
DE4303850C1 (de) * 1993-02-10 1994-10-13 Alfred Buck Vorrichtung zur katalytischen Reinigung von strömenden Gasen, insbesondere von Abgasen von Verbrennungsmotoren
JPH06240268A (ja) * 1993-02-19 1994-08-30 Ube Ind Ltd 流動床改質装置
US5840270A (en) * 1993-04-23 1998-11-24 H Power Corporation Catalytic method of generating hydrogen
US5360679A (en) * 1993-08-20 1994-11-01 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Hydrocarbon fueled solid polymer fuel cell electric power generation system
US5385712A (en) * 1993-12-07 1995-01-31 Sprunk; Darren K. Modular chemical reactor
JP3403494B2 (ja) * 1994-05-23 2003-05-06 日本碍子株式会社 改質反応器
US5811062A (en) * 1994-07-29 1998-09-22 Battelle Memorial Institute Microcomponent chemical process sheet architecture
US5512251A (en) * 1994-07-29 1996-04-30 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Combined electrically heatable converter body
JP3711577B2 (ja) * 1994-10-28 2005-11-02 株式会社エクォス・リサーチ 燃料改質装置
JPH08217405A (ja) * 1995-02-10 1996-08-27 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 燃料電池発電プラント用の燃料改質系反応器
US5725756A (en) * 1995-04-18 1998-03-10 Center For Research, Inc. In situ mitigation of coke buildup in porous catalysts with supercritical reaction media
US5669960A (en) * 1995-11-02 1997-09-23 Praxair Technology, Inc. Hydrogen generation process
DE19544895C1 (de) * 1995-12-01 1997-02-27 Daimler Benz Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur selektiven katalytischen Oxidation von Kohlenmonoxid
US6126908A (en) * 1996-08-26 2000-10-03 Arthur D. Little, Inc. Method and apparatus for converting hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide
US6024774A (en) * 1996-09-26 2000-02-15 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Chemical reaction apparatus and method of collecting main product gas
US5997594A (en) * 1996-10-30 1999-12-07 Northwest Power Systems, Llc Steam reformer with internal hydrogen purification
US6221117B1 (en) * 1996-10-30 2001-04-24 Idatech, Llc Hydrogen producing fuel processing system
US6033793A (en) 1996-11-01 2000-03-07 Hydrogen Burner Technology, Inc. Integrated power module
JP3129670B2 (ja) * 1997-02-28 2001-01-31 三菱電機株式会社 燃料改質装置
JP3743119B2 (ja) * 1997-06-03 2006-02-08 ダイキン工業株式会社 燃料電池発電システム
JPH111302A (ja) * 1997-06-10 1999-01-06 Toyota Motor Corp 燃料改質方法と燃料改質装置ならびに該燃料改質装置を備えた燃料電池装置
EP0993335B1 (en) * 1997-07-03 2002-04-24 E.I. Dupont De Nemours And Company Inductively heated catalytic reactor
JP4001931B2 (ja) * 1997-07-03 2007-10-31 インヴィスタ テクノロジー エスアエルエル 化学反応を誘導的に点火する方法
JPH1143303A (ja) * 1997-07-25 1999-02-16 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 改質装置
US5977421A (en) * 1997-09-03 1999-11-02 Hanson; Curtiss D. Pyrolysis method for increasing limonene production and novel oven to facilitate such method
DE19746251C2 (de) * 1997-10-20 1999-09-09 Dbb Fuel Cell Engines Gmbh Anlage zur Wasserdampfreformierung eines Kohlenwasserstoffs und Betriebsverfahren hierfür
JPH11130405A (ja) * 1997-10-28 1999-05-18 Ngk Insulators Ltd 改質反応装置、触媒装置、それらに用いる発熱・触媒体、及び改質反応装置の運転方法
US5938800A (en) * 1997-11-13 1999-08-17 Mcdermott Technology, Inc. Compact multi-fuel steam reformer
JP3490877B2 (ja) * 1997-11-17 2004-01-26 三洋電機株式会社 燃料電池用改質装置の起動方法
US6077620A (en) * 1997-11-26 2000-06-20 General Motors Corporation Fuel cell system with combustor-heated reformer
DE19754013C2 (de) * 1997-12-05 2000-10-26 Dbb Fuel Cell Engines Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Wasserdampfreformierung eines Kohlenwasserstoffs
US6063515A (en) * 1997-12-22 2000-05-16 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Integrated fuel cell electric power generation system for submarine applications
WO1999044736A1 (de) 1998-03-04 1999-09-10 INSTITUT FüR MIKROTECHNIK MAINZ GMBH Verfahren zur durchführung chemischer umsetzungen in einem mikroreaktor und solch ein mikroreaktor
JP4161147B2 (ja) * 1998-03-27 2008-10-08 大阪瓦斯株式会社 水素製造装置
US6576203B2 (en) * 1998-06-29 2003-06-10 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Reformer
JP2000007301A (ja) * 1998-06-29 2000-01-11 Ngk Insulators Ltd 改質反応装置
US6238815B1 (en) * 1998-07-29 2001-05-29 General Motors Corporation Thermally integrated staged methanol reformer and method
US6132007A (en) * 1998-08-13 2000-10-17 Harmsen; Wayne A. Wheel weight system
US6180846B1 (en) * 1998-09-08 2001-01-30 Uop Llc Process and apparatus using plate arrangement for combustive reactant heating
EP1138096B1 (en) * 1998-10-14 2010-10-06 IdaTech, LLC Fuel processing system
KR100286572B1 (ko) * 1998-11-19 2001-04-16 남창우 금속박막을 이용한 연료전지 자동차용 소형연료개질기 및 그시스템
DE19903168C2 (de) * 1999-01-27 2002-06-20 Xcellsis Gmbh Spiralwärmetauscher
WO2000048261A1 (fr) * 1999-02-10 2000-08-17 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Convertisseur de co et systeme de production pour pile a combustible
US6140266A (en) * 1999-02-18 2000-10-31 International Fuel Cells, Co., Llc Compact and light weight catalyst bed for use in a fuel cell power plant and method for forming the same
CA2372547A1 (en) * 1999-05-03 2000-11-09 Nuvera Fuel Cells Autothermal reforming system with integrated shift beds, preferential oxidation reactor, auxiliary reactor, and system controls
US6641625B1 (en) * 1999-05-03 2003-11-04 Nuvera Fuel Cells, Inc. Integrated hydrocarbon reforming system and controls
JP2001295707A (ja) * 1999-06-03 2001-10-26 Toyota Motor Corp 車両搭載用の燃料改質装置
US6299994B1 (en) * 1999-06-18 2001-10-09 Uop Llc Process for providing a pure hydrogen stream for use with fuel cells
US6316134B1 (en) * 1999-09-13 2001-11-13 Ballard Generation Systems, Inc. Fuel cell electric power generation system
JP3813391B2 (ja) * 1999-09-27 2006-08-23 株式会社東芝 固体高分子型燃料電池発電装置及びその運転方法
WO2001047802A1 (fr) * 1999-12-28 2001-07-05 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Dispositif de formation d'hydrogene
JP4318917B2 (ja) * 2000-12-05 2009-08-26 テキサコ ディベラップメント コーポレイション 水素リッチのガスを生成させるためのコンパクトな燃料処理装置
US6824577B2 (en) 2000-12-12 2004-11-30 Texaco Inc. Nested compact fuel processor for producing hydrogen rich gas
JP4285992B2 (ja) 2000-12-13 2009-06-24 テキサコ ディベラップメント コーポレイション 単一チャンバーのコンパクトな燃料処理装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN100368753C (zh) 2008-02-13
MXPA03004998A (es) 2003-09-05
WO2002045839A1 (en) 2002-06-13
JP2007326777A (ja) 2007-12-20
AU3658402A (en) 2002-06-18
JP2004525484A (ja) 2004-08-19
WO2002047186A3 (en) 2003-01-30
KR20040010571A (ko) 2004-01-31
AU2002226039B2 (en) 2007-09-13
JP4596735B2 (ja) 2010-12-15
JP4318917B2 (ja) 2009-08-26
AU2729102A (en) 2002-06-18
CN1323748C (zh) 2007-07-04
AU2002226038A1 (en) 2002-06-18
ES2340760T3 (es) 2010-06-09
NO20032522D0 (no) 2003-06-04
JP5015690B2 (ja) 2012-08-29
NO20032522L (no) 2003-06-04
ATE455591T1 (de) 2010-02-15
CA2436997A1 (en) 2002-06-13
EP1345679B1 (en) 2013-03-13
US7455817B2 (en) 2008-11-25
EP1346183A4 (en) 2006-11-08
US20060254141A1 (en) 2006-11-16
EP1345679A2 (en) 2003-09-24
CA2436868A1 (en) 2002-06-13
HK1077247A1 (en) 2006-02-10
US20020083646A1 (en) 2002-07-04
US20020098129A1 (en) 2002-07-25
EP1347826B1 (en) 2010-01-20
EP1346183A1 (en) 2003-09-24
EP1347826A1 (en) 2003-10-01
HK1061886A1 (en) 2004-10-08
EP2278247A1 (en) 2011-01-26
KR100929886B1 (ko) 2009-12-04
WO2002046676A1 (en) 2002-06-13
CN1627986A (zh) 2005-06-15
AU2002227307A1 (en) 2002-06-18
CA2436884A1 (en) 2002-06-13
CN1483133A (zh) 2004-03-17
DE60141163D1 (de) 2010-03-11
EP1347826A4 (en) 2006-05-03
AU2603902A (en) 2002-06-18
EP1345679A4 (en) 2006-05-03
CA2436868C (en) 2011-02-15
US20020090326A1 (en) 2002-07-11
NO329361B1 (no) 2010-10-04
AU2002227291B2 (en) 2007-08-30
JP2004515432A (ja) 2004-05-27
KR100798134B1 (ko) 2008-01-28
CA2436884C (en) 2010-06-22
KR20040010569A (ko) 2004-01-31
US20020090334A1 (en) 2002-07-11
WO2002047186A2 (en) 2002-06-13
WO2002045836A1 (en) 2002-06-13
BR0115948A (pt) 2004-02-25
DK1347826T3 (da) 2010-05-17
US7135154B2 (en) 2006-11-14
AU2002236584B2 (en) 2007-03-15
NO20032521D0 (no) 2003-06-04
US20070186475A1 (en) 2007-08-16
NO332183B1 (no) 2012-07-23
US7226490B2 (en) 2007-06-05
US7544346B2 (en) 2009-06-09
WO2002045838A1 (en) 2002-06-13
BR0115947A (pt) 2003-11-04
CA2436997C (en) 2010-07-20
BR0115948B1 (pt) 2010-05-18
NO20032521L (no) 2003-07-24
US20020094310A1 (en) 2002-07-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
HK1061886A1 (en) Apparatus and method for heating catalyst for start-up of a compact fuel processor
EP1198020A3 (en) Fuel cell drive system
MY135822A (en) Induction-heated reactors for gas phase catalyzed reactions
ZA985941B (en) Process for heat integration of an autothermal reformer and cogeneration power plant.
MXPA05010579A (es) Metodo y aparato para el calentamiento rapido de reactivos de reformacion de combustible.
EP1291741A4 (en) CONTROL, TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER AND WARM TREATMENT DEVICE
WO2003007677A3 (en) Thermal cycling system and method of use
WO2003041188A3 (en) Chemical hydride hydrogen generation system and fuel cell stack incorporating a common heat transfer circuit
NO20022348L (no) Anordning og fremgangsmåte for kjöling av krafttransformatorer
KR950016842A (ko) 보충 에너지의 공급에 의해 고정상 촉매의 가열속도를 가속시키는 방법
ZA987695B (en) Process for improved heat integration of an oxidant-supplemented autothermal reformer and cogeneration power plant.
BR0315333A (pt) Método para realizar reações de oxidação fortemente exotérmicas em condições pseudo-isotérmicas
DK0966507T3 (da) Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af destillatbrændstofprodukter under anvendelse af en katalytisk flerleje-reaktor
ATE326824T1 (de) Initiale heizungssteuerung für säuglingsstrahlungswärmer
JP2001210349A (ja) 燃料電池発電システム及びその起動方法
CA2249581A1 (en) Apparatus for treating air containing hydrogen gas
JPH1040942A (ja) 燃料電池発電装置の起動方法
UA50845C2 (uk) Спосіб покращення твердого матеріалу і пристрій для його здійснення
Jeong et al. A Study on Reductive Furnace for Copper Annealing Using Catalytic Combustion
HK1051437A1 (en) Electric device and the method for forming the same
WO2002022506A8 (en) Water treatment process and apparatus
GB2325180A (en) Exothermic catalytic chemical process
JPS5475845A (en) Device for cooling and hot water supply
JPS5480272A (en) Treating apparatus for exhaust gas

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FG Grant or registration