JP4588320B2 - ヒート・パイプ冷却を用いる燃料プロセッサ - Google Patents
ヒート・パイプ冷却を用いる燃料プロセッサ Download PDFInfo
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- JP4588320B2 JP4588320B2 JP2003520856A JP2003520856A JP4588320B2 JP 4588320 B2 JP4588320 B2 JP 4588320B2 JP 2003520856 A JP2003520856 A JP 2003520856A JP 2003520856 A JP2003520856 A JP 2003520856A JP 4588320 B2 JP4588320 B2 JP 4588320B2
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- Prior art keywords
- heat pipe
- hydrogen
- heat
- reactor
- gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
- C01B3/24—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
- C01B3/26—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/14—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by endowing the walls of conduits with zones of different degrees of conduction of heat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01B—BOILING; BOILING APPARATUS ; EVAPORATION; EVAPORATION APPARATUS
- B01B1/00—Boiling; Boiling apparatus for physical or chemical purposes ; Evaporation in general
- B01B1/005—Evaporation for physical or chemical purposes; Evaporation apparatus therefor, e.g. evaporation of liquids for gas phase reactions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J12/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- B01J12/007—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor in the presence of catalytically active bodies, e.g. porous plates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J15/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with non-particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- B01J15/005—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with non-particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor in the presence of catalytically active bodies, e.g. porous plates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
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- B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
- B01J19/2485—Monolithic reactors
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- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
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- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
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- C01B3/48—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
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- C01B3/56—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids
- C01B3/58—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids including a catalytic reaction
- C01B3/583—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids including a catalytic reaction the reaction being the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/0233—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes the conduits having a particular shape, e.g. non-circular cross-section, annular
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/06—Control arrangements therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
- H01M8/0631—Reactor construction specially adapted for combination reactor/fuel cell
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Description
本発明は、一般に、炭化水素燃料を水素富化ガスに転化させるための装置であって、種々な反応段階の温度がヒート・パイプの使用によって調節される該装置に関する。好ましい態様では、本明細書に記載する装置及び方法は、燃料電池に用いるための炭化水素燃料から水素富化ガス流を得るための該コンパクト・プロセッサであって、反応温度及び熱統合(heat integration)がヒート・パイプの使用によって達成される該コンパクト・プロセッサに関する。しかし、本明細書に記載する装置及び方法のために、水素富化流が望ましい任意の使用を含めて、他の可能な使用が考えられる。したがって、本明細書では、本発明を、燃料電池に関連して用いられるものとして記載するが、本発明の範囲は、このような使用に限定されない。
Claims (8)
- 炭化水素燃料を燃料電池用水素富化ガスに転化させるための装置であって、
燃料混合物をリホーミング条件下で反応させて、水素含有ガス混合物を得るための触媒を含む炭化水素リホーミング反応器;
該水素含有ガス混合物を水性ガスシフト反応条件下で反応させて、減少した一酸化炭素内容物と共に中間水素含有ガス混合物を得るための触媒を含む水性ガスシフト反応器;及び
該中間水素含有ガス混合物を選択的酸化反応条件下で反応させて、水素富化ガスを得るための触媒を含む選択的酸化反応器
を含み、
炭化水素リホーミング反応器床、水性ガスシフト反応器床、及び選択的酸化反応器床の各温度がヒート・パイプの使用によって制御され、
選択的酸化反応器内で発生した熱を伝達して、炭化水素燃料を予熱し、高温炭化水素燃料にするためのヒート・パイプをさらに含み、該高温炭化水素燃料が炭化水素リホーミング反応器への炭化水素燃料フィードになり、
該リホーミング反応が水蒸気リホーミングであり、該リホーミング反応がヒート・パイプのためのヒート・シンクとして役立ち、
ヒート・パイプが、銅/水ヒート・パイプであるか又はステンレス鋼/ナトリウムヒート・パイプであり、
該水素含有ガス混合物を脱硫条件下で反応させて、脱硫された水素含有ガス混合物を得るための触媒を含む脱硫反応器をさらに含み、該脱硫された水素含有ガス混合物が該水性ガスシフト反応器への水素含有ガス混合物フィードになる、
上記装置。 - ヒート・パイプが、単純なヒート・パイプ、可変伝導性ヒート・パイプ又は自己調節性可変伝導性ヒート・パイプから選択される、請求項1記載の装置。
- ヒート・パイプが、自己調節性可変伝導性ヒート・パイプである、請求項1記載の装置。
- 炭化水素燃料が、天然ガス、メタン、エタン、プロパン、ブタン、液化石油ガス、ナフサ、ガソリン、ケロセン、ディーゼル、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール及びそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される、請求項1記載の装置。
- 水素富化ガスが、50ppm未満の一酸化炭素を含有する、請求項1記載の装置。
- 燃料電池からの未転化水素を酸化条件下で反応させて、高温アノード排ガス酸化装置流出物を生成するための触媒を含むアノード排ガス酸化装置をさらに含む、請求項1記載の装置。
- 高温アノード排ガス酸化装置流出物を、ヒート・パイプを用いて、炭化水素リホーミング反応器と熱統合させる、請求項6記載の装置。
- ヒート・パイプが、炭化水素リホーミング反応器、水性ガスシフト反応器、及び選択的酸化反応器の少なくとも1つの内部の恒温の床温度を維持する、請求項1記載の装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US31145901P | 2001-08-11 | 2001-08-11 | |
PCT/US2002/025195 WO2003015908A1 (en) | 2001-08-10 | 2002-08-12 | Fuel processors utilizing heat pipe cooling |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2004538232A JP2004538232A (ja) | 2004-12-24 |
JP4588320B2 true JP4588320B2 (ja) | 2010-12-01 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2003520856A Expired - Fee Related JP4588320B2 (ja) | 2001-08-11 | 2002-08-12 | ヒート・パイプ冷却を用いる燃料プロセッサ |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030103880A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1453599A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4588320B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100929887B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1261200C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2002326570B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR0211820A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2456763A1 (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1072570A1 (ja) |
MX (1) | MXPA04001280A (ja) |
NO (1) | NO20041000L (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003015908A1 (ja) |
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JP2008509873A (ja) * | 2004-08-11 | 2008-04-03 | ヌヴェラ・フュエル・セルズ・インコーポレーテッド | 触媒で被覆された熱交換器 |
WO2006045746A1 (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-05-04 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Process to prepare a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen |
DE102004063151A1 (de) * | 2004-12-22 | 2006-07-06 | Webasto Ag | Reformer für eine Brennstoffzelle |
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US20070000172A1 (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2007-01-04 | Michael Boe | Compact reforming reactor |
US20070000173A1 (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2007-01-04 | Michael Boe | Compact reforming reactor |
JP5143560B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-05 | 2013-02-13 | 花王株式会社 | 反応デバイス |
US7832364B2 (en) | 2006-12-14 | 2010-11-16 | Texaco Inc. | Heat transfer unit for steam generation and gas preheating |
US8073096B2 (en) * | 2007-05-14 | 2011-12-06 | Stc.Unm | Methods and apparatuses for removal and transport of thermal energy |
CN101687658B (zh) * | 2007-05-14 | 2013-07-24 | 因温斯特技术公司 | 高效反应器和方法 |
US8940660B2 (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2015-01-27 | Uop Llc | Simultaneous warm gas desulfurization and complete CO-shift for improved syngas cleanup |
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DE102010001848B4 (de) * | 2010-02-11 | 2015-03-05 | Highterm Research Gmbh | Wärmerohr und Wirbelschicht-Reaktor mit einem solchen Wärmerohr |
DE102010011207A1 (de) | 2010-03-09 | 2011-09-15 | B. Braun Melsungen Ag | Vorrichtung zum Schneiden von im Verbund vorliegenden miteinander verbundenen Kunststofferzeugnissen für den medizinischen Bereich |
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-
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- 2002-08-12 AU AU2002326570A patent/AU2002326570B2/en not_active Ceased
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HK1072570A1 (en) | 2005-09-02 |
BR0211820A (pt) | 2004-08-31 |
JP2004538232A (ja) | 2004-12-24 |
CA2456763A1 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
KR20040036906A (ko) | 2004-05-03 |
CN1558791A (zh) | 2004-12-29 |
US20030103880A1 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
CN1261200C (zh) | 2006-06-28 |
EP1453599A4 (en) | 2006-05-17 |
NO20041000L (no) | 2004-03-10 |
MXPA04001280A (es) | 2004-05-27 |
WO2003015908A1 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
EP1453599A1 (en) | 2004-09-08 |
KR100929887B1 (ko) | 2009-12-04 |
AU2002326570B2 (en) | 2008-09-11 |
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