KR20070059043A - 메모리 - Google Patents
메모리 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20070059043A KR20070059043A KR1020070052768A KR20070052768A KR20070059043A KR 20070059043 A KR20070059043 A KR 20070059043A KR 1020070052768 A KR1020070052768 A KR 1020070052768A KR 20070052768 A KR20070052768 A KR 20070052768A KR 20070059043 A KR20070059043 A KR 20070059043A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- film
- memory
- ferroelectric
- region
- thickness
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 195
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 531
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 69
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 34
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 16
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 12
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 12
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000005380 borophosphosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004518 low pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910019007 CoSiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910004200 TaSiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005621 ferroelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/14—Preformed blocks or slabs for forming essentially continuous surfaces; Arrangements thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L28/00—Passive two-terminal components without a potential-jump or surface barrier for integrated circuits; Details thereof; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L28/40—Capacitors
- H01L28/60—Electrodes
- H01L28/65—Electrodes comprising a noble metal or a noble metal oxide, e.g. platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), ruthenium dioxide (RuO2), iridium (Ir), iridium dioxide (IrO2)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/20—Culture of aquatic animals of zooplankton, e.g. water fleas or Rotatoria
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/205—Securing of slopes or inclines with modular blocks, e.g. pre-fabricated
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L28/00—Passive two-terminal components without a potential-jump or surface barrier for integrated circuits; Details thereof; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L28/40—Capacitors
- H01L28/55—Capacitors with a dielectric comprising a perovskite structure material
- H01L28/57—Capacitors with a dielectric comprising a perovskite structure material comprising a barrier layer to prevent diffusion of hydrogen or oxygen
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B53/00—Ferroelectric RAM [FeRAM] devices comprising ferroelectric memory capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B53/00—Ferroelectric RAM [FeRAM] devices comprising ferroelectric memory capacitors
- H10B53/30—Ferroelectric RAM [FeRAM] devices comprising ferroelectric memory capacitors characterised by the memory core region
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
- E02D2600/20—Miscellaneous comprising details of connection between elements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Semiconductor Memories (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (6)
- 제1 전극막과,상기 제1 전극막 상에 형성되고, 기억부와, 상기 기억부의 두께보다도 작고, 또한 평균값으로 상기 기억부의 두께의 15% 이상의 두께를 갖는 박막부를 갖는 기억 재료막과,상기 기억 재료막의 기억부 상에 형성된 제2 전극막과,상기 제1 전극막, 상기 기억 재료막 및 상기 제2 전극막을 갖는 단순 매트릭스형의 복수의 메모리 셀을 포함하는 메모리 셀 어레이 영역과,평면적으로 볼 때 상기 메모리 셀 어레이 영역과는 다른 영역에 형성되고, 트랜지스터를 포함하는 주변 회로 영역과,상기 메모리 셀 어레이 영역의 상기 메모리 셀이 형성되는 영역의 실질적으로 전면을 피복하도록 형성됨과 더불어, 상기 트랜지스터를 포함하는 주변 회로 영역에는 형성되지 않은 수소의 확산을 억제하는 절연막을 포함한 메모리.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 박막부는 평균값으로 상기 기억 재료막의 기억부의 95% 이하의 두께를 갖는 메모리.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 메모리 셀 어레이 영역과 상기 주변 회로 영역을 접속하기 위한 접속 배선을 더 포함하고,적어도 상기 메모리 셀 어레이 영역의 상기 제1 전극막의 상면과 상기 접속 배선의 접속 영역 근방에는, 상기 기억 재료막의 박막부가 존재하지 않도록, 상기 기억 재료막이 패터닝되어 있는 메모리.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 전극막은, 제1 하부 전극막과, 상기 제1 하부 전극막 상에 형성된 제2 하부 전극막을 포함하고,상기 제1 하부 전극막은, 산소의 확산을 억제하는 기능을 갖는 메모리.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 기억 재료막은, 상기 제1 전극막의 상면 및 측면을 피복하도록 형성되어 있는 메모리.
- 제1항에 있어서,한 쌍의 소스/드레인 영역을 갖는 트랜지스터와,상기 트랜지스터의 소스/드레인 영역의 한 쪽에 접속된 도전성 플러그를 더 구비하고,상기 제1 전극막은 상기 도전성 플러그에 접촉하도록 형성되어 있는 메모리.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003081671 | 2003-03-25 | ||
JPJP-P-2003-00081671 | 2003-03-25 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020040020024A Division KR100747404B1 (ko) | 2003-03-25 | 2004-03-24 | 메모리의 제조 방법 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR20070059043A true KR20070059043A (ko) | 2007-06-11 |
KR100747403B1 KR100747403B1 (ko) | 2007-08-07 |
Family
ID=32984985
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020040020024A KR100747404B1 (ko) | 2003-03-25 | 2004-03-24 | 메모리의 제조 방법 |
KR1020070052768A KR100747403B1 (ko) | 2003-03-25 | 2007-05-30 | 메모리 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020040020024A KR100747404B1 (ko) | 2003-03-25 | 2004-03-24 | 메모리의 제조 방법 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6977402B2 (ko) |
KR (2) | KR100747404B1 (ko) |
CN (2) | CN100524773C (ko) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004004584A1 (de) * | 2004-01-29 | 2005-08-25 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Halbleiterspeicherzelle sowie zugehöriges Herstellungsverfahren |
JP4880894B2 (ja) * | 2004-11-17 | 2012-02-22 | シャープ株式会社 | 半導体記憶装置の構造及びその製造方法 |
US20070205096A1 (en) * | 2006-03-06 | 2007-09-06 | Makoto Nagashima | Magnetron based wafer processing |
US8395199B2 (en) | 2006-03-25 | 2013-03-12 | 4D-S Pty Ltd. | Systems and methods for fabricating self-aligned memory cell |
US8454810B2 (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2013-06-04 | 4D-S Pty Ltd. | Dual hexagonal shaped plasma source |
US7932548B2 (en) * | 2006-07-14 | 2011-04-26 | 4D-S Pty Ltd. | Systems and methods for fabricating self-aligned memory cell |
WO2008050716A1 (fr) * | 2006-10-24 | 2008-05-02 | Panasonic Corporation | Mémoire non volatile à semi-conducteurs et procédé de fabrication associé |
JP2009135217A (ja) * | 2007-11-29 | 2009-06-18 | Nec Electronics Corp | 半導体装置の製造方法および半導体装置 |
KR101435001B1 (ko) * | 2007-12-20 | 2014-08-29 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 상변화 메모리 및 그 제조 방법 |
KR20090080751A (ko) * | 2008-01-22 | 2009-07-27 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 저항성 메모리 소자 및 그 제조방법 |
KR20090115288A (ko) * | 2008-05-01 | 2009-11-05 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 비휘발성 메모리 소자 및 그 제조 방법 |
EP2139054A3 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2011-08-31 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Memory device and method of manufacturing the same |
CN102365746B (zh) | 2009-08-14 | 2014-10-29 | 4D-S有限公司 | 异质结氧化物非易失性存储器装置 |
WO2011123465A1 (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-10-06 | 4D-S Pty Ltd. | Method and system for utilizing perovskite material for charge storage and as a dielectric |
US9224950B2 (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-12-29 | Intermolecular, Inc. | Methods, systems, and apparatus for improving thin film resistor reliability |
JP7386805B2 (ja) * | 2018-11-07 | 2023-11-27 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 磁気抵抗素子及び半導体装置 |
CN113308668B (zh) * | 2021-05-20 | 2022-07-01 | 长江存储科技有限责任公司 | 掩板及在存储器件上镀膜的方法 |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0513894B1 (en) * | 1991-05-08 | 1996-08-28 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising a capacitor with a ferroelectric dielectric, and semiconductor device comprising such a capacitor |
TW404021B (en) * | 1998-04-09 | 2000-09-01 | Hitachi Ltd | Semiconductor memory device and manufacturing method thereof |
JP3249481B2 (ja) * | 1998-11-13 | 2002-01-21 | 株式会社東芝 | 半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
US6586790B2 (en) * | 1998-07-24 | 2003-07-01 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Semiconductor device and method for manufacturing the same |
US6249014B1 (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2001-06-19 | Ramtron International Corporation | Hydrogen barrier encapsulation techniques for the control of hydrogen induced degradation of ferroelectric capacitors in conjunction with multilevel metal processing for non-volatile integrated circuit memory devices |
JP3331334B2 (ja) | 1999-05-14 | 2002-10-07 | 株式会社東芝 | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
JP2001210795A (ja) | 1999-11-17 | 2001-08-03 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 誘電体素子 |
JP3940883B2 (ja) | 2000-09-18 | 2007-07-04 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 強誘電体メモリ装置の製造方法 |
JP2002094019A (ja) | 2000-09-18 | 2002-03-29 | Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
JP2002299579A (ja) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-10-11 | Seiko Epson Corp | 強誘電体メモリ及びその製造方法 |
JP2002324895A (ja) | 2001-04-26 | 2002-11-08 | Sony Corp | 強誘電体メモリ素子およびその製造方法 |
JP2002353414A (ja) | 2001-05-22 | 2002-12-06 | Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd | 誘電体キャパシタおよびその製造方法 |
JP2002353336A (ja) | 2001-05-28 | 2002-12-06 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 半導体記憶装置及びその製造方法 |
JP3738229B2 (ja) | 2001-05-30 | 2006-01-25 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 半導体記憶装置及びその製造方法 |
US7518182B2 (en) | 2004-07-20 | 2009-04-14 | Micron Technology, Inc. | DRAM layout with vertical FETs and method of formation |
-
2004
- 2004-03-18 US US10/802,786 patent/US6977402B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-24 KR KR1020040020024A patent/KR100747404B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2004-03-25 CN CNB2007101090880A patent/CN100524773C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-25 CN CNB2004100085364A patent/CN100370596C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-10-28 US US11/260,243 patent/US7297559B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-05-30 KR KR1020070052768A patent/KR100747403B1/ko active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101093836A (zh) | 2007-12-26 |
US6977402B2 (en) | 2005-12-20 |
KR100747403B1 (ko) | 2007-08-07 |
CN1536648A (zh) | 2004-10-13 |
KR100747404B1 (ko) | 2007-08-07 |
KR20040084776A (ko) | 2004-10-06 |
US20060063279A1 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
US7297559B2 (en) | 2007-11-20 |
CN100524773C (zh) | 2009-08-05 |
US20040188742A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
CN100370596C (zh) | 2008-02-20 |
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