KR100734689B1 - 알킬방향족 화합물의 제조방법 - Google Patents
알킬방향족 화합물의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR100734689B1 KR100734689B1 KR1020027003598A KR20027003598A KR100734689B1 KR 100734689 B1 KR100734689 B1 KR 100734689B1 KR 1020027003598 A KR1020027003598 A KR 1020027003598A KR 20027003598 A KR20027003598 A KR 20027003598A KR 100734689 B1 KR100734689 B1 KR 100734689B1
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- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- molecular sieve
- mcm
- catalyst
- aromatic compound
- crystalline molecular
- Prior art date
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- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesitylene Substances CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNMVRZFUUCLYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl chloride Chemical compound CCCCl SNMVRZFUUCLYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIXVMPBOGDCSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 LIXVMPBOGDCSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEZDDPMMPIDMGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1C BEZDDPMMPIDMGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Polymers [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZJMWRROPUADPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylbenzene Chemical compound CCC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZJMWRROPUADPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C6/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions
- C07C6/08—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond
- C07C6/12—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond of exclusively hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C15/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts
- C07C15/02—Monocyclic hydrocarbons
- C07C15/085—Isopropylbenzene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C6/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions
- C07C6/08—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond
- C07C6/12—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond of exclusively hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C6/126—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond of exclusively hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring of more than one hydrocarbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/18—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the mordenite type
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups C07C2529/08 - C07C2529/65
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/80—Mixtures of different zeolites
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
중량% | 몰% | |
에탄 | 3.3 | 5.1 |
에틸렌 | 0.7 | 1.2 |
프로판 | 4.5 | 15.3 |
프로필렌 | 42.5 | 46.8 |
이소부탄 | 12.9 | 10.3 |
n-부탄 | 3.3 | 2.6 |
부텐 | 22.1 | 18.32 |
펜탄 | 0.7 | 0.4 |
유용 범위 | 바람직한 범위 | |
R/R+Na+ | >0.4 | 0.45 내지 0.7 |
OH-/SiO2 | <0.22 | 0.05 내지 0.2 |
Si/Al2 | >30 내지 90 | 35 내지 50 |
H2O/OH | 50 내지 70 | 50 내지 60 |
경질물 | 0.011 |
벤젠 | 65.628 |
톨루엔 | 0.010 |
쿠멘 | 0.078 |
m-디이소프로필벤젠 | 8.520 |
o-디이소프로필벤젠 | 1.327 |
p-디이소프로필벤젠 | 3.298 |
다른 C12 방향족 화합물 | 0.789 |
C15 방향족 화합물 | 0.338 |
계(중량%) | 100.000 |
실리카 | 39.7 |
Na2O | 7.3 |
SO4 = | 2.9 |
TEA | 12.3 |
물 | 370 |
실시예 2 | 실시예 3 | 실시예 4 | 실시예 5 | 실시예 6 | 실시예 7 | |
촉매 | 베타 | MCM-22 | TEA-모데나이트 | 1:1의 MCM-22 및 TEA-모데나이트 물리적 혼합물 | 1:1의 MCM-22 및 TEA-모데나이트 공압출물 | 1:1의 MCM-22 및 베타의 물리적 혼합물 |
WHSV | 2.4 | 1.1 | 6.3 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 1.3 |
스트림상의 체류 일자 | 9.9 | 8.9 | 5.9 | 4.9 | 10.9 | 5.9 |
DIPB 전환율(%) | 49.5 | 50.3 | 52.2 | 51.3 | 53.2 | 52.4 |
TIPB 전환율(%) | 10.6 | 26.8 | -1.4 | 9.5 | 27.9 | 27.8 |
m-DIPB 전환율(%) | 41.1 | 37.6 | 47.8 | 43.3 | 45.7 | 44.2 |
o-DIPB 전환율(%) | 69.9 | 93.4 | 2.5 | 75.6 | 64.2 | 93.5 |
p-DIPB 전환율(%) | 59.1 | 63.7 | 63.3 | 60.2 | 62.8 | 62.2 |
쿠멘 선택도(%) | 98.2 | 98.5 | 99.2 | 99.0 | 99.3 | 98.6 |
n-C3-벤젠/쿠멘(ppm) | 766 | 1056 | 870 | 777 | 722 | 644 |
에틸벤젠/쿠멘(ppm) | 96 | 384 | 124 | 173 | 120 | 176 |
선택도 (중량%) | ||||||
경질물 | 0.708 | 0.859 | 0.286 | 0.325 | 0.199 | 0.606 |
톨루엔 | 0.004 | 0.009 | 0.008 | 0.012 | 0.004 | 0.006 |
에틸벤젠 | 0.009 | 0.038 | 0.012 | 0.017 | 0.012 | 0.017 |
쿠멘 | 98.184 | 98.451 | 99.233 | 99.043 | 99.339 | 98.603 |
n-C3-벤젠 | 0.075 | 0.104 | 0.086 | 0.077 | 0.072 | 0.064 |
2,2-DiPh-C3 | 0.648 | 0.203 | 0.238 | 0.218 | 0.136 | 0.370 |
쿠멘 이량체 | 0.277 | 0.279 | 0.078 | 0.210 | 0.159 | 0.323 |
기타 | 0.094 | 0.057 | 0.057 | 0.098 | 0.080 | 0.011 |
합계 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Claims (24)
- 적어도 부분적인 액상 조건하에 트랜스알킬화 촉매의 존재하에서 폴리알킬화 방향족 화합물을 알킬성 방향족 화합물과 접촉시켜 모노알킬화 방향족 화합물을 제조하는 단계를 포함하는 모노알킬화 방향족 화합물의 제조방법으로서,상기 트랜스알킬화 촉매가 적어도 하기 (i) 및 (ii)의 혼합물을 포함하는 제조방법:(i) 12.4 ±0.25, 6.9 ±0.15, 3.57 ±0.07 및 3.42 ±0.07 옹스트롬에서 d-이격 최대값을 갖는 X-선 회절 패턴을 갖는 제 1 결정 분자체; 및(ii) 상기 제 1 결정 분자체와 상이하며, 제올라이트 베타 및 모데나이트로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 제 2 결정 분자체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,제 1 결정 분자체가 MCM-22, MCM-36, MCM-49 및 MCM-56으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,제 2 결정 분자체가 0.5마이크론 미만의 평균 결정 크기를 갖는 TEA-모데나이트를 포함하는 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,트랜스알킬화 촉매가 촉매내 분자체 물질의 총 중량을 기준으로 약 15 내지 약 50중량%의 제 1 결정 분자체를 포함하는 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,트랜스알킬화 촉매가 두 개 이상의 상이한 결정 분자체의 혼합물을 공압출시킴으로써 제조되는 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,폴리알킬화 방향족 화합물의 알킬 기가 1 내지 5개의 탄소원자를 갖는 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,폴리알킬화 방향족 화합물이 폴리이소프로필벤젠이고, 알킬성 방향족 화합물이 벤젠인 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,접촉 단계가 100 내지 260℃의 온도, 10 내지 50barg(1100 내지 5100kPa)의 압력, 총 공급물에 대한 1 내지 10의 중량 시간당 공간 속도 및 1:1 내지 6:1의 폴리알킬화 방향족 화합물에 대한 알킬성 방향족 화합물의 중량비에서 실시되는 제조방법.
- (a) 알킬화 촉매의 존재하에서 알킬성 방향족 화합물을 알킬화제와 접촉시켜 모노알킬화 방향족 화합물 및 폴리알킬화 방향족 화합물을 포함하는 생성물을 제조하는 단계; 및(b) 적어도 부분적인 액상 조건하에 트랜스알킬화 촉매의 존재하에서 상기 (a) 단계로부터의 폴리알킬화 방향족 화합물을 상기 알킬성 방향족 화합물과 접촉시켜 모노알킬화 방향족 화합물을 제조하는 단계를 포함하는 모노알킬화 방향족 화합물의 제조방법으로서,상기 트랜스알킬화 촉매가 적어도 하기 (i) 및 (ii)의 혼합물을 포함하는 제조방법:(i) 12.4 ±0.25, 6.9 ±0.15, 3.57 ±0.07 및 3.42 ±0.07 옹스트롬에서 d-이격 최대값을 갖는 X-선 회절 패턴을 갖는 제 1 결정 분자체; 및(ii) 상기 제 1 결정 분자체와 상이하며, 제올라이트 베타 및 모데나이트로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 제 2 결정 분자체.
- 제 9 항에 있어서,알킬화 단계(a)가 적어도 부분적인 액상 조건하에 실시되는 제조방법.
- 제 9 항에 있어서,알킬화제가 1 내지 5개의 탄소원자를 갖는 알킬화 지방족 기를 포함하는 제조방법.
- 제 9 항에 있어서,알킬화제가 프로필렌이고, 알킬성 방향족 화합물이 벤젠인 제조방법.
- 제 9 항에 있어서,(a) 단계의 알킬화 촉매가 MCM-22, MCM-49, MCM-56 및 제올라이트 베타로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 제조방법.
- 제 9 항에 있어서,(b) 단계의 트랜스알킬화 촉매의 제 1 결정 분자체가 MCM-22, MCM-36, MCM-49 및 MCM-56으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 제조방법.
- 제 9 항에 있어서,(b) 단계의 트랜스알킬화 촉매의 제 2 결정 분자체가 0.5마이크론 미만의 평균 결정 크기를 갖는 TEA-모데나이트를 포함하는 제조방법.
- 제 9 항에 있어서,(b) 단계의 트랜스알킬화 촉매가 촉매내 분자체 물질의 총 중량을 기준으로 약 15 내지 약 50중량%의 제 1 결정 분자체를 포함하는 제조방법.
- (a) 적어도 부분적인 액상 조건하에 알킬화 촉매의 존재하에서 벤젠을 프로필렌과 접촉시켜 쿠멘 및 폴리이소프로필벤젠을 포함하는 생성물을 제조하는 단계; 및(b) 적어도 부분적인 액상 조건하에 트랜스알킬화 촉매의 존재하에서 상기 (a) 단계로부터의 폴리이소프로필벤젠을 벤젠과 접촉시켜 또 다른 쿠멘을 제조하는 단계를 포함하는 쿠멘의 제조방법으로서,상기 트랜스알킬화 촉매가 적어도 하기 (i) 및 (ii)의 혼합물을 포함하는 제조방법:(i) 12.4 ±0.25, 6.9 ±0.15, 3.57 ±0.07, 및 3.42 ±0.07 옹스트롬에서 d-이격 최대값을 갖는 X-선 회절 패턴을 갖는 제 1 결정 분자체; 및(ii) 상기 제 1 결정 분자체와 상이하며, 제올라이트 베타 및 모데나이트로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 제 2 결정 분자체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,제 1 결정 분자체가 MCM-22인 제조방법.
- 제 18 항에 있어서,제 2 결정 분자체가 TEA-모데나이트인 제조방법.
- 제 9 항에 있어서,제 1 결정 분자체가 MCM-22이고, 제 2 결정 분자체가 TEA-모데나이트인 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,트랜스알킬화 촉매가 촉매내 분자체 물질의 총 중량을 기준으로 약 15 내지 약 50중량%의 제 2 결정 분자체를 포함하는 제조방법.
- 제 9 항에 있어서,트랜스알킬화 촉매가 촉매내 분자체 물질의 총 중량을 기준으로 약 15 내지 약 50중량%의 제 2 결정 분자체를 포함하는 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,트랜스알킬화 촉매가 촉매내 분자체 물질의 총 중량을 기준으로 약 30 내지 약 50중량%의 제 1 결정 분자체를 포함하는 제조방법.
- 제 9 항에 있어서,트랜스알킬화 촉매가 촉매내 분자체 물질의 총 중량을 기준으로 약 30 내지 약 50중량%의 제 1 결정 분자체를 포함하는 제조방법.
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US09/619,560 | 2000-07-19 | ||
US09/619,560 US6936744B1 (en) | 2000-07-19 | 2000-07-19 | Alkylaromatics production |
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US (1) | US6936744B1 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP1218324B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP4726387B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100734689B1 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN1211324C (ko) |
AR (1) | AR029294A1 (ko) |
AT (1) | ATE264284T1 (ko) |
AU (1) | AU7159101A (ko) |
BR (1) | BR0106981A (ko) |
CA (1) | CA2385243A1 (ko) |
CZ (1) | CZ2002958A3 (ko) |
DE (1) | DE60102784T2 (ko) |
ES (1) | ES2217166T3 (ko) |
FI (1) | FI20020503A (ko) |
MX (1) | MXPA02002766A (ko) |
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-
2000
- 2000-07-19 US US09/619,560 patent/US6936744B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2001
- 2001-06-26 EP EP01950620A patent/EP1218324B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-26 MX MXPA02002766A patent/MXPA02002766A/es unknown
- 2001-06-26 DE DE60102784T patent/DE60102784T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-26 WO PCT/US2001/020643 patent/WO2002008159A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-06-26 AT AT01950620T patent/ATE264284T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-26 CZ CZ2002958A patent/CZ2002958A3/cs unknown
- 2001-06-26 ES ES01950620T patent/ES2217166T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-26 JP JP2002514069A patent/JP4726387B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-26 CN CNB018020984A patent/CN1211324C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-26 KR KR1020027003598A patent/KR100734689B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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- 2001-06-26 BR BR0106981-0A patent/BR0106981A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-06-28 AR ARP010103087A patent/AR029294A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-07-19 TW TW090117673A patent/TWI243815B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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ES2217166T3 (es) | 2004-11-01 |
FI20020503A (fi) | 2002-05-17 |
US6936744B1 (en) | 2005-08-30 |
AR029294A1 (es) | 2003-06-18 |
EP1218324A1 (en) | 2002-07-03 |
CZ2002958A3 (cs) | 2003-12-17 |
EP1218324B1 (en) | 2004-04-14 |
CN1211324C (zh) | 2005-07-20 |
JP4726387B2 (ja) | 2011-07-20 |
BR0106981A (pt) | 2002-05-14 |
JP2004504368A (ja) | 2004-02-12 |
WO2002008159A1 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
ATE264284T1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
KR20020039347A (ko) | 2002-05-25 |
CN1386113A (zh) | 2002-12-18 |
DE60102784T2 (de) | 2005-03-31 |
AU7159101A (en) | 2002-02-05 |
DE60102784D1 (de) | 2004-05-19 |
MXPA02002766A (es) | 2002-08-30 |
TWI243815B (en) | 2005-11-21 |
CA2385243A1 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
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