JPWO2017043039A1 - 非水電解質二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法、非水電解質二次電池の製造方法、非水電解質二次電池用負極の製造方法、及び非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法、非水電解質二次電池の製造方法、非水電解質二次電池用負極の製造方法、及び非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
まず、ケイ素化合物(SiOx:0.5≦x≦1.6)を作製する(図1の工程1)。このような、一般式SiOx(但し、0.5≦x≦1.6)で表されるケイ素化合物は、例えば、以下のような手法により作製できる。まず、酸化珪素ガスを発生する原料を不活性ガスの存在下もしくは減圧下900℃〜1600℃の温度範囲で加熱し、酸化ケイ素ガスを発生させる。この場合、原料は金属珪素粉末と二酸化珪素粉末との混合物を用いることができ、金属珪素粉末の表面酸素及び反応炉中の微量酸素の存在を考慮すると、混合モル比が、0.8<金属珪素粉末/二酸化珪素粉末<1.3の範囲であることが望ましい。原料から発生したガスは吸着板に堆積される。続いて、反応炉内温度を100℃以下に下げた状態で堆積物を取出し、ボールミル、ジェットミルなどを用いて粉砕、粉末化を行う。なお、ケイ素化合物のSi結晶子のサイズ等の結晶性は、仕込み範囲(混合モル比)や原料の加熱温度を調整することによって制御することができる。また、結晶性はケイ素化合物の生成後、熱処理することで制御することもできる。
[負極の構成]
図2に示すように、負極20は、負極集電体21の上に負極活物質層22を有する構成になっている。この負極活物質層22は負極集電体21の両面、又は、片面だけに設けられていても良い。
負極集電体は、優れた導電性材料であり、かつ、機械的な強度に長けた物で構成される。負極集電体21に用いることができる導電性材料として、例えば銅(Cu)やニッケル(Ni)があげられる。この導電性材料は、リチウム(Li)と金属間化合物を形成しない材料であることが好ましい。
本発明の負極活物質の製造方法で製造されたケイ素系活物質は、負極活物質層22を構成する材料となる。負極活物質層22は、ケイ素系活物質を含んでおり、電池設計上、さらに負極結着剤や負極導電助剤など、他の材料を含んでいても良い。負極活物質として、ケイ素系活物質の他に、炭素系活物質なども含んでいても良い。
次に、本発明の非水電解質二次電池の製造方法を説明する。本発明の非水電解質二次電池の製造方法は、上記本発明の負極活物質の製造方法で負極活物質を製造し、該負極活物質を含む電極を用いて非水電解質二次電池を製造する。以下、ラミネートフィルム型のリチウムイオン二次電池(以下、ラミネートフィルム型二次電池と呼称することも有る)を製造する場合を例に、本発明の非水電解質二次電池の製造方法をより具体的に説明する。
図3に示すラミネートフィルム型二次電池30は、主にシート状の外装部材35の内部に巻回電極体31が収納されたものである。この巻回電極体31は正極、負極間にセパレータを有し、巻回されたものである。また正極、負極間にセパレータを有し積層体を収納した場合も存在する。どちらの電極体においても、正極に正極リード32が取り付けられ、負極に負極リード33が取り付けられている。電極体の最外周部は保護テープにより保護されている。
正極は、例えば、図2の負極20と同様に、正極集電体の両面又は片面に正極活物質層を有している。
負極は、上記した図2の負極20と同様の構成を有し、例えば、負極集電体21の両面に負極活物質層22を有している。この負極は、正極活物質剤から得られる電気容量(電池としての充電容量)に対して、負極充電容量が大きくなることが好ましい。これは、負極上でのリチウム金属の析出を抑制することができるためである。
セパレータは正極と負極を隔離し、両極接触に伴う電流短絡を防止しつつ、リチウムイオンを通過させるものである。このセパレータは、例えば合成樹脂、あるいはセラミックからなる多孔質膜により形成されており、2種以上の多孔質膜が積層された積層構造を有しても良い。合成樹脂として例えば、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリプロピレンあるいはポリエチレンなどが挙げられる。
活物質層の少なくとも一部、又はセパレータには液状の電解質(電解液)が含浸されている。この電解液は、溶媒中に電解質塩が溶解されており、添加剤など他の材料を含んでいても良い。
最初に上記した正極材を用い正極電極を作製する。まず、正極活物質と、必要に応じて結着剤、導電助剤などを混合し正極合剤としたのち、有機溶剤に分散させ正極合剤スラリーとする。続いて、ナイフロールまたはダイヘッドを有するダイコーターなどのコーティング装置で正極集電体に合剤スラリーを塗布し、熱風乾燥させて正極活物質層を得る。最後に、ロールプレス機などで正極活物質層を圧縮成型する。この時、加熱を行っても良い。また、圧縮、加熱を複数回繰り返しても良い。
最初に、ケイ素系活物質を以下のように作製した。
溶液Bに加える芳香族化合物種、溶媒、芳香族化合物の濃度、溶液Bへの浸漬時間、溶液Bの温度を表1に示すように変えたこと以外は、実施例1−1と同様に負極活物質を作製した。そして、実施例1−1と同様に、電池特性を評価した。
比較例1−1では、溶液Bの代わりとして、多環芳香族化合物の代わりにベンゼン(THF溶液、1mol/L)を用い、浸漬時間を10時間としたこと以外は、実施例1−1と同様に負極活物質を作製した。そして、実施例1−1と同様に、電池特性を評価した。
溶液Cの溶媒種、溶質種、溶質の濃度を表2に示すように変えたこと以外は、実施例1−1と同様に負極活物質を作製した。そして、実施例1−1と同様に、電池特性を評価した。
比較例2−1では、溶液Cにケイ素化合物を接触させる工程4を行わなかったこと以外、実施例1−1と同様に負極活物質を作製した。比較例2−2では、溶液Cの代わりに、溶媒としてTHF、溶質として分子中にキノイド構造を持たない化合物であるシアノベンゼンを用いた液体を用いたこと以外、実施例1−1と同様に負極活物質を作製した。比較例2−1、2−2においても、実施例1−1と同様に、電池特性を評価した。
Liを含む溶液Aの芳香族化合物種、溶媒種、芳香族化合物の濃度、溶液Aへの浸漬時間、溶液Aの温度を表3に示すように変えたこと以外は、実施例1−1と同様に負極活物質を作製した。そして、実施例1−1と同様に、電池特性を評価した。
ケイ素化合物にリチウムを挿入する工程を行わなかったこと以外は、実施例1−1と同様に負極活物質を作製した。そして、実施例1−1と同様に、電池特性を評価した。
Claims (12)
- リチウムを含むケイ素化合物(SiOx:0.5≦x≦1.6)を含む非水電解質二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法であって、
ケイ素化合物(SiOx:0.5≦x≦1.6)を作製する工程と、
前記ケイ素化合物にリチウムを挿入する工程と、
前記リチウムが挿入されたケイ素化合物を、多環芳香族化合物若しくはその誘導体又はこれらの両方を含む溶液B(ただし、溶液Bは、溶媒としてエーテル系溶媒、ケトン系溶媒、エステル系溶媒、アルコール系溶媒、及びアミン系溶媒から選ばれる1種以上を含むものである。)に接触させる工程と、
前記溶液Bと接触させたケイ素化合物を溶液C(ただし、溶液Cは、溶媒としてエーテル系材料、ケトン系材料、及びエステル系材料から選ばれる1種以上を含み、溶質として分子中にキノイド構造を持つ化合物を含むものである。)に接触させる工程と、
を有することを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記溶液Bに前記ケイ素化合物を接触させる工程において、前記ケイ素化合物を前記溶液Bに3分以上接触させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記リチウム挿入工程において、リチウムを含む溶液A(但し、溶液Aは、溶媒がエーテル系溶媒のものである。)に、前記ケイ素化合物を3分以上接触させることにより、前記ケイ素化合物にリチウムを挿入することを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記リチウムを含む溶液Aとして、リチウム及び多環芳香族化合物若しくはその誘導体又は直鎖ポリフェニレン化合物若しくはその誘導体を含む溶液A1又はリチウム及びアミン類を含む溶液A2(但し、溶液A1及び溶液A2は、溶媒がエーテル系溶媒のものである。)を用いることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記リチウムを含む溶液Aとして、前記溶液A1を用いることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記リチウムを含む溶液A1として、リチウム及び直鎖ポリフェニレン化合物若しくはその誘導体を含むものを用いることを特徴とする請求項4又は請求項5に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記多環芳香族化合物として、ナフタレン、アントラセン、フェナントレン、ナフタセン、ペンタセン、ピレン、ピセン、トリフェニレン、コロネン、クリセン、及びこれらの誘導体のうち1種以上を用い、直鎖ポリフェニレン化合物としてビフェニル、ターフェニル、及びこれらの誘導体のうち1種以上を用いることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記分子中にキノイド構造を持つ化合物は、ベンゾキノン、キノジメタン、キノジイミン、又はそれらの誘導体であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記リチウム挿入工程の前に、前記ケイ素化合物を含む電極を形成する工程を含み、該電極に含まれるケイ素化合物に対して、前記リチウム挿入工程、前記溶液Bに接触させる工程、及び前記溶液Cに接触させる工程を施すことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 請求項1から請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法で非水電解質二次電池用負極活物質を製造し、該非水電解質二次電池用負極活物質を含む電極を用いて非水電解質二次電池を製造することを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池の製造方法。
- リチウムを含むケイ素化合物(SiOx:0.5≦x≦1.6)を含む負極活物質を含む非水電解質二次電池用負極の製造方法であって、
ケイ素化合物(SiOx:0.5≦x≦1.6)を含む電極を形成する工程と、
前記電極に含まれるケイ素化合物にリチウムを挿入する工程と、
前記リチウムが挿入されたケイ素化合物を含む電極を、多環芳香族化合物若しくはその誘導体又はこれらの両方を含む溶液B(ただし、溶液Bは、溶媒としてエーテル系溶媒、ケトン系溶媒、エステル系溶媒、アルコール系溶媒、及びアミン系溶媒から選ばれる1種以上を含むものである。)に接触させることで、前記ケイ素化合物に前記溶液Bを接触させる工程と、
前記溶液Bと接触させた電極を溶液C(ただし、溶液Cは、溶媒としてエーテル系材料、ケトン系材料、及びエステル系材料から選ばれる1種以上を含み、溶質として分子中にキノイド構造を持つ化合物を含むものである。)に接触させることで、前記ケイ素化合物に前記溶液Cを接触させる工程と、
を有することを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池用負極の製造方法。 - 請求項11に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極の製造方法で製造された非水電解質二次電池用負極を備えることを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池。
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