JPWO2015029641A1 - 医療用具およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
医療用具およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JPWO2015029641A1 JPWO2015029641A1 JP2015534082A JP2015534082A JPWO2015029641A1 JP WO2015029641 A1 JPWO2015029641 A1 JP WO2015029641A1 JP 2015534082 A JP2015534082 A JP 2015534082A JP 2015534082 A JP2015534082 A JP 2015534082A JP WO2015029641 A1 JPWO2015029641 A1 JP WO2015029641A1
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- medical device
- coating layer
- base material
- maleic
- polymer material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Abstract
Description
本発明の医療用具は、生体内に挿入される基材(部分)の表面にマレイン酸系高分子物質を含む樹脂被覆層が形成されてなる生体内に挿入される医療用具である。医療用具は、いずれの用途に使用されてもよいが、体液や血液との接触による潤滑性付与効果を考慮すると、体液や血液と接触して用いられることが好ましい。具体的には、留置針、IVHカテーテル、サーモダイリューションカテーテル、血管造影用カテーテル、血管拡張用カテーテル(例えば、PCTAカテーテル)、ダイレーターあるいはイントロデューサーなどの血管内に挿入ないし留置されるカテーテル類、あるいは、これらのカテーテル用のガイドワイヤ、スタイレット;胃管カテーテル、栄養カテーテル、経管栄養用(ED)チューブなどの経口もしくは経鼻的に消化器官内に挿入ないし留置されるカテーテル類;酸素カテーテル、酸素カヌラ、気管内チューブのチューブやカフ、気管切開チューブのチューブやカフ、気管内吸引カテーテルなどの経口または経鼻的に気道ないし気管内に挿入ないし留置されるカテーテル類;尿道カテーテル、導尿カテーテル、尿道バルーンカテーテルのカテーテルやバルーンなどの尿道ないし尿管内に挿入ないし留置されるカテーテル類;吸引カテーテル、排液カテーテル、直腸カテーテルなどの各種体腔、臓器、組織内に挿入ないし留置されるカテーテル類;人工気管、人工気管支;体外循環治療用の医療用具(人工肺、人工心臓、人工腎臓など)やその回路類;各種器管内挿入用内視鏡の外表面など生体内挿入時、摺動時または留置時等に低い摩擦抵抗を要求される医療用具などが挙げられる。これらのうち、体液や血液との接触による潤滑性付与効果に対する要求が高いという面では、血管や尿管等の生体管腔内で使用されるカテーテル、ガイドワイヤ、留置針の体液/血液接触面に本発明に係る被覆層を設けることが好ましい。
本発明に係る樹脂被覆層(被覆層)は、体液や血液や生理食塩水などの水系液体中で表面潤滑性を発揮して、カテーテルやガイドワイヤ等の医療用具を容易に生体管腔内に挿入できるなど、操作性を向上できる。また、本発明に係る樹脂被覆層(被覆層)は、上記操作中による組織粘膜の損傷を低減できる。
上記マレイン酸系高分子物質は、少なくとも基材表面に存在する反応性官能基と共有結合させることにより、被覆層を基材上に形成させる。この被覆層は、体液や血液などの水系液体中に溶解することなく、持続的な潤滑性を発揮できる。反応性官能基は、少なくとも基材表面に存在すればよい。これにより、被覆層中のマレイン酸系高分子物質と容易に結合できる。このため、反応性官能基は、基材表面に加えて基材の内部に存在していてもよい。
本実施形態で用いられる基材は、いずれの材料から構成されてもよく、その材料は特に制限されず、表面に被覆層を設ける医療用具の種類によって適宜選択できる。具体的には、基材を構成(形成)する材料としては、金属材料、高分子材料、ガラス、およびセラミックス等が挙げられる。ここで、基材は、基材全体(全部)が上記いずれかの材料で構成(形成)されても、または、上記いずれかの材料で構成(形成)された基材コア部の表面に他の上記いずれかの材料を適当な方法で被覆(コーティング)して、基材表面層を構成(形成)した構造を有していてもよい。後者の場合の例としては、樹脂材料等で形成された基材コア部の表面に金属材料が適当な方法(メッキ、金属蒸着、スパッタ等従来公知の方法)で被覆(コーティング)されて、基材表面層を形成してなるもの;金属材料やセラミックス材料等の硬い補強材料で形成された基材コア部の表面に、金属材料等の補強材料に比して柔軟な高分子材料が適当な方法(浸漬(ディッピング)、噴霧(スプレー)、塗布・印刷等の従来公知の方法)で被覆(コーティング)あるいは基材コア部の補強材料と基材表面層の高分子材料とが複合化(適当な反応処理)されて、基材表面層を形成してなるものなどが挙げられる。よって、基材コア部が、異なる材料を多層に積層してなる多層構造体、あるいは医療用具の部分ごとに異なる材料で形成された部材を繋ぎ合わせた構造(複合体)などであってもよい。また、基材コア部と基材表面層との間に、さらに別のミドル層が形成されていてもよい。この際、基材表面層に上記反応性官能基を有する化合物を含ませてもよい。さらに、基材表面層に関しても異なる材料を多層に積層してなる多層構造体、あるいは医療用具の部分ごとに異なる材料で形成された部材を繋ぎ合わせた構造(複合体)などであってもよい。
本発明の医療用具は、基材表面に潤滑性を付与するための被覆層が設けられていればよく、その製造方法は特に制限されない。具体的には、本発明の医療用具は、基材表面に反応性官能基を導入した後、マレイン酸系高分子物質で処理して、反応性官能基とマレイン酸系高分子物質とを共有結合させて、被覆層を形成した後、マレイン酸系高分子物質中のカルボン酸塩の割合をピーク高さ比が1.2〜1.7になるように調節することによって、製造することが好ましい。ここで、上述したように、反応性官能基は、基材上に反応性官能基を有する別の層(下地層)を形成することによって、基材表面に導入されることが好ましく、反応性官能基を有する化合物を含む溶液で医療用具を構成する基材を処理して、該基材の少なくとも表面に反応性官能基が存在する下地層を形成することによって、基材表面に導入されることがより好ましい。また、マレイン酸系高分子物質を含む被覆層は、上記下地層を有する基材をマレイン酸系高分子物質で処理して、反応性官能基とマレイン酸系高分子物質とを共有結合させて、下地層上に形成することが好ましい。さらに、マレイン酸系高分子物質中のカルボン酸塩の割合(ピーク高さ比)は、上記したようにして形成された被覆層をアルカリ処理することによって、調節されることが好ましい。ここで、アルカリ処理条件は、マレイン酸系高分子物質中のピーク高さ比(カルボン酸塩の割合)が1.2〜1.7になるような条件であれば特に制限されない。具体的には、下地層及び樹脂被覆層が形成された基材を、pHが9.5以上のアルカリ溶液中に25〜70℃で0.1〜20時間浸漬することが好ましい。
前記下地層が形成された基材をマレイン酸系高分子物質で処理して、前記反応性官能基と前記マレイン酸系高分子物質とを共有結合させて、前記下地層上にマレイン酸系高分子物質を含む樹脂被覆層を形成した[工程(2)]後;
前記下地層及び樹脂被覆層が形成された基材をアルカリ処理する[工程(3)]ことによって、製造され、
前記アルカリ処理は、前記下地層及び樹脂被覆層が形成された基材を、pHが9.5以上のアルカリ溶液中に25〜70℃で0.1〜20時間浸漬することによって行われることが好ましい。以下、上記本発明の医療用具の好ましい製造方法について、詳述する。なお、本発明は、下記形態に限定されない。
本工程では、反応性官能基を有する化合物を含む溶液(塗布溶液)で医療用具を構成する基材を処理して、該基材の少なくとも表面に反応性官能基が存在する下地層を形成する。
本工程では、上記工程(1)で得られた下地層を有する基材(基材/下地層)を、マレイン酸系高分子物質で処理して、反応性官能基とマレイン酸系高分子物質とを共有結合させて、下地層上にマレイン酸系高分子物質を含む樹脂被覆層を形成する。
本工程では、上記工程(2)で得られた下地層及び樹脂被覆層を有する基材をアルカリ処理する。ここで、アルカリ処理は、前記下地層及び樹脂被覆層を有する基材を、pHが9.5以上のアルカリ溶液中に25〜70℃で0.1〜20時間浸漬することによって行われることが好ましい。このようなアルカリ処理によって、下記反応により、被覆層中のマレイン酸系高分子物質中のカルボキシル基(−COOH)及びエステル部分(−COOR)がカルボン酸塩(−COOX)に変換して、カルボン酸塩の割合(ピーク高さ)が1.2〜1.7に調節される。なお、下記反応式において、置換基「R」および「R’」は、それぞれ、上記式(a)における置換基「R」および上記式(b)における置換基「R’」と同様の定義である。また、下記反応式において、置換基「X」は、アルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属を表す。ここで、アルカリ金属としては、例えば、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、ルビジウム、セシウムがある。また、アルカリ土類金属としては、例えば、マグネシウム、カルシウム、ストロンチウム、バリウムがある。好ましくは、Xは、ナトリウム、カリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウムであり、ナトリウム、カルシウムであることがより好ましく、ナトリウムであることが特に好ましい。Xがナトリウムである場合、マレイン酸系高分子物質が体液や血液と接触した際に、マレイン酸系高分子物質中のカルボキシル基のナトリウム塩が体液や血液により容易に膨潤してゲル化して、特に優れた潤滑性を発揮できる。
外径0.25mmのNi−Ti合金製ワイヤに、熱可塑性ポリウレタン樹脂をコートし、外径0.3mmとした。次に、このポリウレタン樹脂をコートしたワイヤをポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)及び4,4’−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)のテトラヒドロフラン(THF)溶液(各濃度=5重量%)に室温(25℃)で1秒間浸漬し、室温(25℃)で30分間乾燥させた。
実施例1と同様にして、ガイドワイヤ未処理品を得た。
実施例1と同様にして、ガイドワイヤ未処理品を得た。
実施例1と同様にして、ガイドワイヤ未処理品を得た。
実施例1と同様にして、ガイドワイヤ未処理品を得た。
実施例1と同様にして、ガイドワイヤ未処理品を得た。
実施例1と同様にして、ガイドワイヤ未処理品を得た。
実施例1と同様にして、ガイドワイヤ未処理品を得た。
実施例1と同様にして、ガイドワイヤ未処理品を得た。
実施例1と同様にして、ガイドワイヤ未処理品を得た。
実施例1と同様にして、ガイドワイヤ未処理品を得た。
実施例1と同様にして、ガイドワイヤ未処理品を得た。
実施例1と同様にして、ガイドワイヤ未処理品を得た。
各医療用具を蒸留水中に、25℃で1分間浸漬し、十分膨潤させた後、顕微鏡にて膜厚(μm)を測定する。測定された膜厚によって、下記のとおりに分類する。なお、この膜厚が20μm以上(下記表2、3中の「○」)であれば、その医療用具は十分な潤滑性を発揮できると判定される。また、この膜厚が10μm以上(下記表2、3中の「○」及び「△」)であれば、その医療用具は潤滑性の点で許容できると判定される。
各医療用具について、下記表1に示される条件で温湿度サイクル試験を行った。温湿度サイクル試験後の各医療用具を蒸留水中に、25℃で1分間浸漬し、十分膨潤させた後、顕微鏡にて膜厚(μm)を測定する。測定された膜厚によって、上記(通常の環境下での膨潤性の評価)と同様にして分類する。なお、この膜厚が20μm以上(下記表2、3中の「○」)であれば、その医療用具は十分な潤滑性を発揮できると判定される。また、この膜厚が10μm以上(下記表2、3中の「○」及び「△」)であれば、その医療用具は潤滑性の点で許容できると判定される。
温湿度サイクル試験を行った各医療用具(以下、単に「サンプル」とも略記する)について、下記方法にしたがって、図1に示される摩擦測定機(トリニティーラボ社製、ハンディートライボマスターTL201)10を用いて、表面潤滑層の潤滑性を評価した。
Claims (6)
- 基材の表面にマレイン酸系高分子物質を含む樹脂被覆層を設けてなる生体内に挿入される医療用具であって、
前記樹脂被覆層は、前記マレイン酸系高分子物質を、前記医療用具を構成する基材の少なくとも表面に存在する反応性官能基と共有結合させることにより形成され、
前記マレイン酸系高分子物質は、赤外分光法(IR法)で測定した際の、カルボン酸エステルおよびカルボン酸の合計ピーク高さに対するカルボン酸塩のピーク高さの比が1.2〜1.7である、医療用具。 - 前記反応性官能基は、イソシアネート基、アミノ基、アルデヒド基またはエポキシ基である、請求項1に記載の医療用具。
- 前記マレイン酸系高分子物質は、アルキルビニルエーテル−マレイン酸エステル共重合体である、請求項1または2に記載の医療用具。
- 反応性官能基を有する化合物を含む溶液で医療用具を構成する基材を処理して、該基材の少なくとも表面に反応性官能基が存在する下地層を形成し;
前記下地層が形成された基材をマレイン酸系高分子物質で処理して、前記反応性官能基と前記マレイン酸系高分子物質とを共有結合させて、前記下地層上にマレイン酸系高分子物質を含む樹脂被覆層を形成した後;
前記下地層及び樹脂被覆層が形成された基材をアルカリ処理する、ことを有し、
前記アルカリ処理は、前記下地層及び樹脂被覆層が形成された基材を、pHが9.5以上のアルカリ溶液中に25〜70℃で0.1〜20時間浸漬することによって行われる、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の医療用具の製造方法。 - 前記アルカリ処理後の基材を、カルシウム濃度(Ca換算)が20mg/L未満の洗浄液で洗浄することをさらに有する、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記pHが9.5以上のアルカリ溶液は、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液である、請求項4または5に記載の方法。
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