JPWO2012169076A1 - 接合材およびそれを用いて作成された接合体 - Google Patents
接合材およびそれを用いて作成された接合体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JPWO2012169076A1 JPWO2012169076A1 JP2013519339A JP2013519339A JPWO2012169076A1 JP WO2012169076 A1 JPWO2012169076 A1 JP WO2012169076A1 JP 2013519339 A JP2013519339 A JP 2013519339A JP 2013519339 A JP2013519339 A JP 2013519339A JP WO2012169076 A1 JPWO2012169076 A1 JP WO2012169076A1
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- viscosity
- acid
- silver
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- Prior art date
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- Granted
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/365—Selection of non-metallic compositions of coating materials either alone or conjoint with selection of soldering or welding materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/102—Metallic powder coated with organic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
- C09J11/06—Non-macromolecular additives organic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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Abstract
Description
本発明に係る接合材を構成する銀ナノ粒子は、平均一次粒子径が200nm以下、好ましくは1〜150nm、一層好ましくは10〜100nmのものである。当該粒子径を有する銀ナノ粒子を使用すれば、強い接合力を有した接合体を形成することができる。
一方、ミクロンオーダーの銀粒子(以後「サブミクロン銀粒子」と呼ぶ)を併用する場合には平均粒径が0.5μm以上10μm以下の銀粒子を使用することが好ましい。本明細書における平均粒径の算出は、以下の手順によりレーザー回折法に基づいて行った。まず、銀粒子の試料0.3gをイソプロピルアルコール50mLに入れ、出力50Wの超音波洗浄機で5分間分散させた後、マイクロトラック粒度分布測定装置(ハネウエル−日機装製の9320−X100)によってレーザー回折法で測定した際のD50(累積50質量%粒径)の値をサブミクロン銀粒子の平均一次粒径とした。
また、有機化合物で被覆された銀ナノ粒子の金属成分と、サブミクロン銀粒子の質量比による混合割合(銀ナノ粒子/サブミクロン銀粒子)は、0.1〜10.0がよく、好ましくは0.15〜9.0、一層好ましくは0.2〜5.0である。有機化合物で被覆された銀ナノ粒子の金属成分とサブミクロン銀粒子の質量比をこの割合にすることで、より空隙部に銀ナノ粒子が存在するようになり、焼結が促進されるため好ましい。なお、銀ナノ粒子とサブミクロン銀粒子の添加量としては全ペースト質量に対して、銀の合計として5〜98質量%、好ましくは10〜95質量%とするとよい。
銀ナノ粒子の粒子径は、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)もしくは走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)写真から算出される。詳細には、TEM像を確認し一次粒子径が50nm以下と認められる場合には、TEM像から算出し、それ以上と認められる場合にはSEM像から算出した。
上述のような方法で得られた銀ナノ粒子へ、溶媒、エーテル結合を2つ以上持つような有機物からなる粘度調整剤を添加し、接合材を作製する。
接合材の粘度、チクソ性を下げるために、有機物からなる粘度調整剤としてエーテル結合を2つ以上持つような物質を添加することを特徴とする。具体的には、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル酢酸、2−ブトキシエトキシ酢酸、2−メトキシエトキシ酢酸などが挙げられる。このような物質を添加することにより、接合材の粘度、チクソが下がり、後述する印刷に適した接合材となる。エーテル結合を2つ以上持つような物質の添加量としては、全接合材質量に対して0を超え2.0%、好ましくは0.2〜2.0%、一層好ましくは0.5〜2.0%である。
本発明の接合材料は、有機物からなるフラックス成分(焼結促進成分)を添加してもよい。ここでフラックス成分とは、具体的に述べれば、2以上のカルボキシル基を有する有機物質である。より好ましくは、さらにエーテル結合を有するジカルボン酸である。当該フラックス成分である2以上のカルボキシル基を有する有機物質の好ましい例として、ジカルボン酸構造を有する有機物質であるグリコール酸、さらにエーテル結合を有するジカルボン酸であるオキシジ酢酸(ジグリコール酸)を挙げることができる。このとき、フラックス成分の添加量は全接合材質量に対して0.01〜1.0%、好ましくは0.02〜0.7%、一層好ましくは0.05〜0.5%である。
次に、本発明の接合材の評価、及び接合体の評価方法について記載する。接合材の評価としては、粘度、チクソ比、及び熱分解性の評価を実施している。接合体の評価としては、本発明の接合材を金属基板にスクリーン印刷により印刷した後、加圧焼成後の金属基板とシリコンチップの接合強度、及び表面粗さの評価を実施している。
作製したペーストの粘度、及びチクソ比は、レオメーター(HAAKE製のRheoStress 600)、及びφ35mm、角度2°のコーンを用いて評価を実施した。測定時のギャップは0.105mm、温度は25℃の条件で、せん断速度を1.6、3.1、6.3、15.7、31.3、62.7、156.7[1/s]と変化させながら各せん断速度で20秒後の値の粘度を測定している。このうち、せん断速度が15.7[1/s]の時の値を粘度としている。また、チクソ比は、せん断速度が3.1の時の粘度を15.7の時の粘度で除した値をとっている。
作製したペーストの熱分解性は、示差熱・熱重量同時測定装置(SII株式会社製TG/DTA6300)を用い、窒素雰囲気中で昇温速度10℃/分にて、40℃から700℃まで昇温することで確認した。このときに分解する温度は低温である方が加熱時に焼結しやすいことを示し、低温で接合体を形成するには好ましい。また、分解性があまりにも低い温度で発生してしまうと保管時でも金属化してしまう可能性があるので好ましくない。
なお、接合材に含まれる有機成分はGC−MSにかけることによって確認することができる。本明細書においては、Agilent technologies社製のGC−MS装置7890A GC Systemおよび5975C inert XL EI/CI MSDを用い、ヘリウムガス雰囲気下、350℃に粒子を加熱し、捕集されるガスの成分を評価した。
次に接合体の評価を行うために、接合部が形成される第1の被接合部材である金属基板表面へ作製した接合材をスクリーン印刷機(マイクロ・テック株式会社製の印刷機:MT−320T、及びマイクロスキージ:B70)にて印刷した。スクリーンマスクには、□13mmのパターン(株式会社ソノコム製の325メッシュ、線径28μm、乳剤厚20μm)を用い、印刷速度は120mm/秒、印刷圧力100kPa、クリアランス1.0mmの条件で印刷を実施し、塗布後、低温による熱処理(以降、予備焼成という)を経た後、第2の被接合部材である被接合物を貼付し、高温による熱処理工程(以降は、本焼成という。)により接合材を金属化する。尚、無加圧接合の場合においては、予備焼成は必ずしも必要ではない。つまり、後述する予備乾燥工程、加圧工程を経ずに印刷後に本焼成の工程のみで接合体を作製することもできる。
塗布後及び予備焼成後の膜厚および表面粗度は、接触式の表面粗度計(東京精密株式会社製SURFCOM 1500DX−12)では、膜に接触してしまうことで正確な値を計測することが困難なため、レーザー顕微鏡(株式会社キーエンス製 VK−9700)を用いて測定した。また、Siチップ等の第2の被接合部材である被接合物を接合してしまうと、表面粗度は分からなくなるため、加圧及び焼成後の表面粗度は接合体を想定し、第2の被接合部材としてガラスを用い、接合手順を行った後、接触式の表面粗度計にて測定し、焼成膜のプロファイルを得た。第2の被接合部材であるガラスは、接合材では接合できないので、加圧・焼成による手順によってどのような焼成膜になるかを後から見ることができる。
得られた接合体の接合力の測定を行った。具体的には、銅基板の両端をメガネレンチで挟み込み、約90°基板を曲げた。その後、基板を曲げ前の状態に戻し、その後の基板上の剥離されなかったSiチップ面積を計測した。具体的には、画像解析ソフトウエアを用いて、Siチップの面積を2値化することでSiチップの残量面積比率を計算する。残量面積比率が高いほど接合力が高いと判断した。
<銀ナノ粒子の合成>
500mLビーカーを用い、硝酸銀(東洋化学株式会社製)13.4gを純水72.1gへ溶解させて原料液を調製した。
得られたソルビン酸が被覆された銀ナノ粒子凝集体乾燥粉(平均一次粒子径:100nm)88.0gを銀ナノ粒子粉とし、粘度、チクソ比低下のために2−メトキシエトキシ酢酸(MEA)(シグマアルドリッチ社製)を1.000gと、フラックスとしてオキシジ酢酸(DGA)(和光純薬工業株式会社製:ジグリコール酸)0.098gと、分散媒としてオクタンジオール(ODO)(協和発酵ケミカル社製:2−エチル−1,3−ヘキサンジオール)を10.902gとを混合し、混合物とした。
得られたペーストを用い、銀めっきされた銅基板へスクリーン印刷を実施し、レーザー顕微鏡にて膜厚および表面粗度を測定したところ、膜厚は33.8μmであり、表面粗度(Ra)は9.0μmであった。当該結果を表3に示した。また、塗布膜の画像を図2に示す。
実施例1のソルビン酸が被覆された銀ナノ粒子凝集体乾燥粉(平均一次粒子径:100nm)87.0gを銀ナノ粒子粉とし、粘度、チクソ比低下のために2−メトキシエトキシ酢酸(MEA)を1.000gと、フラックスとしてのオキシジ酢酸(DGA)を0.097gと、分散媒としてのオクタンジオール(ODO)を11.903gとした以外は、同様の操作を行なって、実施例2に係る接合材料を作製し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。評価結果を表1〜3に示す。
実施例1のソルビン酸が被覆された銀ナノ粒子凝集体乾燥粉(平均一次粒子径:100nm)85.0gを銀ナノ粒子粉とし、粘度、チクソ比低下のための2−メトキシエトキシ酢酸(MEA)を1.000gと、フラックスとしてのオキシジ酢酸(DGA)を0.094gと、分散媒としてのオクタンジオールを13.906gとした以外は、同様の操作を行なって、実施例3に係る接合材料を作製し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。評価結果を表1〜3に示す。
ソルビン酸が被覆された銀ナノ粒子凝集体乾燥粉(平均一次粒子径:100nm)45.0g(全銀中の割合は50.00質量%)を銀ナノ粒子粉とし、球状銀粒子の粉末(DOWAエレクトロニクス株式会社製 2−1C球状銀粉末:平均一次粒子径(D50)1.0μm)45.0g(全銀中の割合は50.00質量%)と、粘度、チクソ比低下のための2−メトキシエトキシ酢酸(MEA)を1.0gとフラックスとしてのオキシジ酢酸(DGA)を0.050gと、分散媒としてのオクタンジオール(ODO)を8.950gとした以外は、同様の操作を行なって、実施例4に係る接合材料を作製し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。評価結果を表1〜3に示す。
実施例4のフラックスとしてのオキシジ酢酸(DGA)を除き(添加しない)、分散媒としてのオクタンジオール(ODO)を9.000gとした以外は、同様の操作を行なって、実施例5に係る接合材料を作製し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。したがって、粘度、チクソ比低下のための2−メトキシエトキシ酢酸(MEA)が1.0g含まれる。評価結果を表1〜3に示す。
実施例4のフラックスとしてのオキシジ酢酸を0.025gに変更し、粘度、チクソ比低下のために添加した2−メトキシエトキシ酢酸(MEA)を2−ブトキシエトキシ酢酸(BEA)(シグマアルドリッチ社製)に変更し(1.000g)、分散媒としてのオクタンジオール(ODO)を8.975gとした以外は、同様の操作を行なって、実施例6に係る接合材料を作製し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。評価結果を表1〜3に示す。
[実施例7]
実施例6のフラックスとしてのオキシジ酢酸(DGA)を除き(添加せず)、分散媒としてのオクタンジオール(ODO)を9.000gとした以外は、実施例6と同様の操作を行なって、実施例7に係る接合材料を作製し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。粘度、チクソ比低下のために2−ブトキシエトキシ酢酸(BEA)1.000gが含まれる。評価結果を表1〜3に示す。
実施例1の分散媒としてのオクタンジオール(ODO)11.902gとし、粘度、チクソ比低下のための2−メトキシエトキシ酢酸(MEA)を除き、フラックスとしてのオキシジ酢酸(DGA)を0.098gとした以外は、同様の操作を行なって、比較例1に係る接合材料を作製し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。評価結果を表1〜3に示す。
比較例1の粘度、ソルビン酸が被覆された銀ナノ粒子凝集体乾燥粉(平均一次粒子径:100nm)80.0gを銀ナノ粒子粉とし、フラックスとしてのオキシジ酢酸(DGA)を0.089gと、分散媒としてのオクタンジオールを19.911gとした以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行なって、比較例2に係る接合材料を作製し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。評価結果を表1〜3に示す。
実施例4のフラックスとしての粘度、チクソ比低下のために2−メトキシエトキシ酢酸(MEA)を除き(添加せず)、分散媒としてオクタンジオール(DGA)を9.950gとした以外は、同様の操作を行なって、比較例4に係る接合材料を作製し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。評価結果を表1〜3に示す。
実施例4のフラックスとしての粘度、チクソ比低下のために2−メトキシエトキシ酢酸(MEA)を除き(添加せず)、分散媒としてオクタンジオール(ODO)を9.950gとした以外は、同様の操作を行なって、比較例4に係る接合材料を作製し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。評価結果を表1〜3に示す。
Claims (9)
- 平均一次粒子径が1nm以上200nm以下であって、炭素数8以下の有機物質で被覆されている銀ナノ粒子と分散媒に、有機物からなる粘度調整剤を含み、せん断速度15.7[1/s]で測定時の粘度が100Pa・s以下、かつチクソ比(せん断速度3.1[1/s]で測定時の粘度/せん断速度15.7[1/s]で測定時の粘度)が4以下である接合材。
- 平均粒子径が0.5〜10.0μmの銀粒子をさらに含む請求項1の接合材。
- 前記粘度調整剤が、構造中にエーテル結合を有するものである、請求項1または2に記載の接合材。
- 前記粘度調整剤が、構造中に2ないし3のエーテル結合を有するものである、請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の接合材。
- 前記粘度調整剤がカルボキシル基をさらに有する、請求項3または4に記載の接合材。
- 前記粘度調整剤が2−メトキシエトキシ酢酸、もしくは2−ブトキシエトキシ酢酸である、請求項1ないし5に記載の接合材。
- 窒素雰囲気下で行うTG測定において、10℃/分で40℃から昇温した際の、250℃から350℃までの重量減少率が0.1%以下である請求項1ないし6に記載の接合材。
- 請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載の接合材を用い、スクリーン印刷した直後にレーザー顕微鏡で測定したときの表面粗度(Ra)が10μm以下である銀塗布膜。
- 請求項1ないし7のいずれかに記載の接合材を使用して形成された接合体。
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TW201249943A (en) | 2012-12-16 |
US20140113109A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
CN103608140A (zh) | 2014-02-26 |
WO2012169076A1 (ja) | 2012-12-13 |
KR20140035996A (ko) | 2014-03-24 |
KR101725181B1 (ko) | 2017-04-10 |
EP2719486A4 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
JP5860876B2 (ja) | 2016-02-16 |
HUE039175T2 (hu) | 2018-12-28 |
EP2719486A1 (en) | 2014-04-16 |
CN103608140B (zh) | 2016-03-30 |
EP2719486B1 (en) | 2018-07-25 |
US9273235B2 (en) | 2016-03-01 |
TWI490292B (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
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