JPWO2011065571A1 - 光電変換モジュールおよびその製造方法ならびに発電装置 - Google Patents
光電変換モジュールおよびその製造方法ならびに発電装置 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/068—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/20—Optical components
- H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
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- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
まず、本発明の一形態に係る光電変換モジュールの基本形態について説明する。なお、光電変換モジュールにおいて、少なくとも光電変換部分を備えた光電変換素子として、結晶系光電変換素子を利用する場合と薄膜系光電変換素子を利用する場合とに分けて説明する。
次に、優れた光閉じ込め効果を発揮する原理およびTIRAFS条件の実現方法について、より具体的に説明する。
n0・sin(φ0)=n1・sin(φ1)、
n1・sin(φ1)=n2・sin(φ2)、
n2・sin(φ2)=n3・sin(φ3)、
n3・sin(φ3)=n4・sin(φ4)、
n4・sin(φ4)=n5・sin(φ5)、
n5・sin(φ5)=n6・sin(φ6)
となり、
結局、n0・sin(φ0)=n6・sin(φ6)
となるからである。ただし、n1は透光性基板61の屈折率、n2は表透明電極62の屈折率、n3は半導体63の屈折率、n4は半導体64の屈折率、n5は裏透明電極65の屈折率である。また、φ6は透光性基板61に垂直に入射した入射光が反射材67で反射した反射光と前記した入射光と平行な光線(以下、平行光線)とのなす角度、φ5は平行光線と裏透明電極65における屈折光とのなす角度、φ4は平行光線と半導体64における屈折光とのなす角度、φ3は平行光線と半導体63における屈折光とのなす角度、φ2は平行光線と表透明電極62における屈折光とのなす角度、φ1は平行光線と透光性基板61における屈折光とのなす角度である。図1中の矢印68はφ0が平行光線と透光性基板61の第1面61aとのなす角度が90°になった瞬間の仮想上の光の進行方向を示す。
<形態1>
次に、具体的な形態例について説明する。なお、以下の例では、使用する光電変換素子が単結晶シリコンまたは多結晶シリコンの結晶系半導体基板を用いる。
まず鋳造法で作製した多結晶シリコンからなる半導体基板を準備した。この半導体基板は、p型不純物であるボロン(B)を1×1016atoms/cm3以上1018atoms/cm3以下程度含有し、比抵抗0.2Ω・cm以上2.0Ω・cm以下程度のもので、その大きさは約150mm角、厚さは約0.2mm程度のものである。
次に、光電変換モジュールの光電変換素子として、a―Si膜またはμc−Si膜あるいはそれらを組み合わせて作製されたもの等を備えた薄膜系光電変換素子の形態例について説明する。
次に形態2をより具体化した実施例について説明する。
2)凹凸の斜面がフラットで、その角度が20°以上35°以下の範囲に入り(平均30°程度)、凹凸の平均ピッチが1mm程度のもの(実施例モジュール2)
3)実施例モジュール2の素子が中間層を有しているもの(実施例モジュール3)
ここで前記した中間層はSiH4ガス/CO2ガス/H2ガスを原材料ガスとしてプラズマCVD法で形成したSiOx膜とし、厚さは50nm程度とした。
2)凹凸斜面がフラットで、その角度が10°以上20°以下の範囲に入り、凹凸の平均ピッチが1mm程度のもの(比較モジュールB1)
3)凹凸斜面がフラットで、その角度が35°以上45°以下の範囲に入り、凹凸の平均ピッチが1mm程度のもの(比較モジュールB2)
4)凹凸斜面がフラットで、その角度が55°程度、凹凸の平均ピッチが10μm以上20μm以下程度のもの(比較モジュールB3)
なお、前記した角度55°のフラット斜面凹凸構造を形成するための型としては、ミラー指数で(100)配向の単結晶Si基板をKOH液などのアルカリ液でエッチング処理した際に生じるピラミッドテクスチャーを用いた。
次に、結晶系光電変換素子を用いた光電変換モジュールの他の実施形態について説明する。図27に光電変換モジュール40の部分断面図を示す。図27に示すように、透光性基板22は、既述したようにガラスまたは透光性の樹脂などからなるものである。また、透光材25はアクリル樹脂またはポリカーボネート樹脂などからなる透明な板状体であり、その裏面側には所定の傾斜面を有する凹凸構造を備えている。
次に、本発明の一形態に係る発電装置について説明する。例えば図28に示すように、発電装置100は、前記した光電変換モジュールの1以上を電気的に接続した光電変換モジュール群(例えば、太陽電池アレイ)110と、光電変換モジュール群の直流電力が入力される電力変換装置115とを備えたものである。
2:半導体基板
3:受光面側バスバー電極
4:受光面側フィンガー電極
5:反射防止膜
6:パッシベーション膜
7:裏面側バスバー電極
8:裏面側フィンガー電極
10:BSF層
11:透明導電膜
20,30:光電変換モジュール
22,61:透光性基板
22a,61a:第1面
22b,61b:第2面
62:表透明電極
65:裏透明電極
66:透光材
67:反射材
67a:光反射面
100:発電装置
110:光電変換モジュール群
115:電力変換装置
Claims (8)
- 光が入射する第1面および該第1面の反対側に位置する第2面を有する透光性の基板と、前記第2面の上に位置する光電変換素子と、該光電変換素子の上に位置する透光材と、該透光材の上に位置して該透光材を透過した光を反射させる反射材とを備えている光電変換モジュールであって、
前記反射材は、該反射材から反射した光が前記基板の前記第1面で全反射するように、前記第1面に対して所定角度傾斜した山型面を複数有する凹凸形状を有する光反射面を備えていることを特徴とする光電変換モジュール。 - 前記透光材の屈折率がnである場合に、前記反射材の前記光反射面と前記基板の前記第1面とのなす角度θが下記式を満足していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光電変換モジュール。
43.7−14.9×n≦θ≦22.8+7.4×n - 光が入射する第1面および該第1面の反対側に位置する第2面を有する透光性の基板と、前記第2面の上に位置する光電変換素子と、該光電変換素子の上に位置する透光材と、該透光材の上に位置して該透光材を透過した光を反射させる反射材とを備えている光電変換モジュールであって、
前記反射材は、該反射材から反射した光が前記基板の前記第1面で全反射するように、曲面状凹面または曲面状凸面を複数有する凹凸形状を有する光反射面を備えていることを特徴とする光電変換モジュール。 - 前記曲面状凹面または前記曲面状凸面の平均曲率半径がrであり、前記繰り返し凹凸形状の互いに隣り合う凸部間または隣り合う凹部間の平均距離がPである場合に、下記式を満足していることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の光電変換モジュール。
0.7≦P/r≦2.0 - 前記光電変換素子は、アモルファスシリコン層を含んでいることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の光電変換モジュール。
- 請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の光電変換モジュールの製造方法であって、前記光反射面を前記反射材への型を用いた転写により形成することを特徴とする光電変換モジュールの製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の光電変換モジュールの1以上を発電手段として備えていることを特徴とする発電装置。
- 請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の光電変換モジュールの1以上を有する発電手段と、該発電手段からの直流電力を交流電力に変換する電力変換手段とを備えたことを特徴とする発電装置。
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