JPWO2007129594A1 - 充電装置 - Google Patents
充電装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2007129594A1 JPWO2007129594A1 JP2008514442A JP2008514442A JPWO2007129594A1 JP WO2007129594 A1 JPWO2007129594 A1 JP WO2007129594A1 JP 2008514442 A JP2008514442 A JP 2008514442A JP 2008514442 A JP2008514442 A JP 2008514442A JP WO2007129594 A1 JPWO2007129594 A1 JP WO2007129594A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04552—Voltage of the individual fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04619—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04865—Voltage
- H01M8/0488—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04895—Current
- H01M8/0491—Current of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
即ち、本発明の充電装置は、燃料を供給する燃料供給手段と、その燃料供給手段から供給された燃料により発電して出力する燃料電池と、その燃料電池の出力電圧を所定の電圧に変換して出力する直流電圧変換回路と、充電のための電力を出力すべく、前記直流電圧変換回路の出力が電気的に接続された出力部と、前記出力部又は前記燃料電池からの出力電流が設定電流値を超えないように制御する電流制御手段と、前記燃料電池への燃料の供給量の変動パターンに、燃料の消費量の変動パターンが近づくように、前記電流制御手段の前記設定電流値を変化させる設定電流変更手段と、を備えることを特徴とする。
2 カソード側電極板
3 アノード側電極板
4 カソード側金属板
5 アノード側金属板
10 燃料供給手段
11 水素発生剤
20 直流電圧変換回路
30 出力部
40 電流制御回路
41 電流制御素子
60 設定電流変更手段
61 第1電圧検知部
62 第2電圧検知部
64 第1電圧変動検出部
65 第2電圧変動検出部
66 設定値決定部
67 関数設定部
70 電流検出部
71 電流検出素子
80 出力電流制御手段
FC 燃料電池
S1,S2,S3,S4 単位セル
耐食性を有するSUS(50mm×26mm×0.3mm厚)に溝(幅0.8mm、深さ0.2mm、間隔1.6mm、本数21本)、及び周辺カシメ部、ガス導入、排出孔を塩化第二鉄水溶液によるエッチングにより設け、これをアノード側金属板とした。同様に、耐食性を有するSUS(50mm×26mm×0.3mm厚)に貫通孔(0.6mmφ、ピッチ1.5mm、個数357個、接触領域の開口率13%)、及び周辺カシメ部、ガス導入、排出孔を塩化第二鉄水溶液によるエッチングにより設け、これをカソード側金属板とした。そして絶縁シート(50mm×26mm×2mm幅、厚み80μm)をSUSに張り合わせた。
実施例1において、設定電流変更手段を設けずに、電流制御回路により出力部の出力電流を一定(0.16A)に制御したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして燃料電池の発電による充電を行った。その結果、図6に示すように、50%以下の利用率しか得られなかった。
実施例1において、電流制御回路(設定電流変更手段もなし)を介さずに抵抗を用いて同じ出力電力となるように、DC/DCコンバータの出力によって充電を行ったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして燃料電池の発電による充電を行った。その結果、充電の初期に燃料電池の出力電流が4Aまで上昇して、燃料電池が過負荷状態となったため、充電を直ちに中止した。
次に、設定電流変更手段60の別実施形態について図7の模式図により説明する。ここで説明する制御は、前述のフィードバック制御の一例である。この実施形態では、燃料電池FCは4つの同じ単位セルS1〜S4により構成されている。4つの単位セルS1〜S4は、電気的に直列に接続されており、個々の単位セルS1〜S4の出力電圧がV1〜V4で表わされており、燃料電池FCとしての出力電圧はVt=V1+V2+V3+V4となる。この出力電圧Vtが直流電圧変換回路20への入力電圧となる。なお、燃料電池FCを構成する単位セルの個数については特に制限はなく、4つでなくてもよい。
前述した実施形態では、電流制御手段が直流電圧変換回路20の出力の他方と出力部30との間に介在する電流制御回路40で構成されている例を示したが、本発明における電流制御手段は、直流電圧変換回路20に対して電流制御を行うものでもよい。
(1)前述の実施形態では、水素供給型の燃料電池を用いる例を示したが、本発明に用いられる燃料電池FCとしては、燃料により発電可能な燃料電池FCであれば何れでもよく、例えばメタノール改質型、ダイレクトメタノール型、炭化水素供給型などが挙げられる。その他の燃料を用いる燃料電池も各種知られており、それらを何れも採用できる。
Claims (9)
- 燃料を供給する燃料供給手段と、
その燃料供給手段から供給された燃料により発電して出力する燃料電池と、
その燃料電池の出力電圧を所定の電圧に変換して出力する直流電圧変換回路と、
充電のための電力を出力すべく、前記直流電圧変換回路の出力が電気的に接続された出力部と、
前記出力部又は前記燃料電池からの出力電流が設定電流値を超えないように制御する電流制御手段と、
前記燃料電池への燃料の供給量の変動パターンに、燃料の消費量の変動パターンが近づくように、前記電流制御手段の前記設定電流値を変化させる設定電流変更手段と、
を備える充電装置。 - 燃料を供給する燃料供給手段と、
その燃料供給手段から供給された燃料により発電して出力する燃料電池と、
その燃料電池の出力電圧を所定の電圧に変換して出力する直流電圧変換回路と、
充電のための電力を出力すべく、前記直流電圧変換回路の出力の一方が電気的に接続された出力部と、
前記直流電圧変換回路の出力の他方と前記出力部との間に介在し、前記出力部からの出力電流が設定電流値を超えないように制御する電流制御回路と、
前記燃料電池への燃料の供給量の変動パターンに、燃料の消費量の変動パターンが近づくように、前記電流制御回路の前記設定電流値を変化させる設定電流変更手段と、
を備える充電装置。 - 前記設定電流変更手段は、予め決定された、時間と共に変化する電流値の変動パターンに基づいて、前記電流制御回路の設定電流値を変化させるものである請求項1又は2記載の充電装置。
- 前記燃料電池は、複数の単位セルが電気的に直列接続されると共に、燃料供給手段から供給される燃料の通路も直列接続されており、
前記設定電流変更手段は、
燃料通路の最下流に位置する最終段単位セルの第1電圧を検出する第1電圧検出部と、
最終段単位セル以外の残りの単位セルの第2電圧を検出する第2電圧検出部と、
第1電圧の時間的変動を検出する第1電圧変動検出部と、
第2電圧の時間的変動を検出する第2電圧変動検出部と、
第1電圧と第2電圧の時間的変動の度合いに基づいて前記電流制御手段又は前記電流制御回路の設定電流値を決定する設定値決定部と、を備える請求項1又は2に記載の充電装置。 - 第1電圧、第2電圧、及びこれらの時間的変動は、所定のサンプリング周期により検出を行なうように構成され、
第1・第2電圧変動検出部は、現在の電圧値と過去の複数のサンプリング点における電圧値とから、電圧値の減少傾向の度合い、増加傾向の度合いを検出し、
設定値決定部は、この度合いの程度に応じて現在の設定電流値に対する調整値を決定するものである請求項4に記載の充電装置。 - 前記調整値を決定するための関数を設定する関数設定部が設けられており、
この関数は、現在の設定電流値を入力変数として調整値を決定するものである請求項5に記載の充電装置。 - 前記電流制御回路は、前記直流電圧変換回路の出力の他方と前記出力部との間に直列に接続された電流制御素子を備え、その電流制御素子に流れる電流に応じて変化する検出電圧と基準となる基準電圧とを比較して、電圧差に応じた入力信号により前記電流制御素子に流れる電流を設定電流値以下に制御する請求項2〜6のいずれかに記載の充電装置。
- 前記電流制御手段は、前記直流電圧変換回路の入力側又は出力側の電流を検出して、前記直流電圧変換回路の電圧調節用のフィードバック入力に対して入力することで、前記出力部からの出力電流が設定電流値を超えないように制御するものである請求項1記載の充電装置。
- 前記燃料供給手段は水素ガスを燃料として供給するものであり、前記燃料電池は、水素ガスにより発電を行うと共に、出力電流が低下すると水素ガスの消費量を低下させるものである請求項1〜8いずれかに記載の充電装置。
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JP4852158B2 (ja) * | 2010-02-19 | 2012-01-11 | 株式会社東芝 | 電子機器、および収納ケース |
US9312706B2 (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2016-04-12 | Goal Zero Llc | Reconfigurable energy storage and power supply device |
CN103580086B (zh) * | 2012-10-10 | 2015-12-09 | 苏州华启智能科技有限公司 | 一种电池充电控制电路 |
US9923393B2 (en) | 2014-07-09 | 2018-03-20 | Goal Zero Llc | Energy storage and power supply system |
CN107231013B (zh) * | 2016-05-24 | 2019-01-15 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种充电的方法、终端、充电器和系统 |
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