JPWO2005009612A1 - メタノール水蒸気改質用触媒とその製造方法 - Google Patents
メタノール水蒸気改質用触媒とその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2005009612A1 JPWO2005009612A1 JP2005512071A JP2005512071A JPWO2005009612A1 JP WO2005009612 A1 JPWO2005009612 A1 JP WO2005009612A1 JP 2005512071 A JP2005512071 A JP 2005512071A JP 2005512071 A JP2005512071 A JP 2005512071A JP WO2005009612 A1 JPWO2005009612 A1 JP WO2005009612A1
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- steam reforming
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 238000001651 catalytic steam reforming of methanol Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 10
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- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
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- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 47
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 33
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
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- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 26
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 23
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- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910018182 Al—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910017816 Cu—Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910018507 Al—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RZJQYRCNDBMIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Zn].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn] Chemical class [Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Zn].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn] RZJQYRCNDBMIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
(1)リーチング処理によりAl合金粒子の表面にAlやFeの酸化物の中に平均粒径が約15〜50nmのCu粒子が散在し、極めて高い表面積を有している棉飴状ネットワーク状の酸化物(擬似Al2O3)が生成する。この状態の触媒活性は低い。
実施例1及び比較例1
Al−Cu−Fe準結晶/5wt%Na2CO3リーチング処理
Al:4.29g、Cu:4.01g、Fe:1.69gを秤量し、水冷した銅ハース内に入れ、アルゴン雰囲気下でアーク溶解し、Al63Cu25Fe12のインゴット10gを得た。これをアルミナの鉢にて1mm以下の粉末に粉砕して石英管に真空封入し、800℃で24時間熱処理した。熱処理後石英管から取り出し、さらに、遊星ボールミルで粉砕した。得られた粒子の粒径分布範囲は0.1μm〜100μmであった。
上記の方法で得られた触媒0.6gを秤量し、固定床流通式反応装置で常圧、反応温度240〜400℃に設定し、水/メタノールのモル比1.5の混合液を流通させた。発生ガスをガスクロマトグラフィーにより分析し、水素発生速度により触媒の活性評価をした。なお、得られた複合粒子を、触媒評価前に240℃にて水素雰囲気中で還元を行い、活性が最も高い状態として評価した。
Al−Cu−Co準結晶/5wt%Na2CO3リーチング処理
Al:4.514g、Cu:2.453g、Co:3.033gを秤量し、水冷した銅ハース内に入れ、アルゴン雰囲気下でアーク溶解し、そのまま銅ハース内で冷却してAl65Cu15Co20のインゴット10gを得た。これをアルミナの鉢にて1mm以下の粉末に粉砕して石英管に真空封入し、800℃で24時間熱処理した。熱処理後に石英管から取り出し、さらに、遊星ボールミルで粉砕した。得られた粒子の粒径分布範囲は1μm〜100μmであった。
実施例1及び比較例1で用いた5wt%Na2CO3水溶液を同濃度のNaOH水溶液に代えてリーチング処理溶液とした以外は実施例1及び比較例1と同じ条件で処理した。
Al合金粒子をAl63Cu25Fe12準結晶に代えてAl70Cu20Fe10(ω)相合金粒子とした以外は実施例3及び比較例3と同じ条件で処理した。
実施例1及び比較例1で用いた5wt%Na2CO3水溶液を50℃に加熱してリーチング処理溶液とした以外は実施例1及び比較例1と同じ条件で処理した。図8に、実施例5で得られた複合粒子の触媒活性試験結果の水素生成速度(実施例5;黒三角印)を実施例1(黒四角印)、比較例1(黒丸印)と対比して示す。リーチング処理溶液の温度を50℃に高めることにより、活性が飛躍的に増大することとなった。図8に示すように、360℃において活性が900ml/g分を超えている。特に、低温(240℃)においても、200ml/g分という高い触媒活性を示しており、高温だけでなく、低温においても通常の銅触媒に比べても高い活性を有している。
Claims (12)
- 式Al100−y−zCuyTMz(ただし、yは、10〜30原子%、zは、5〜20原子%であり、TMは、Cu以外の遷移金属の少なくとも1種)で示される準結晶又は関連結晶相のAl合金塊を粉砕することにより得られるAl合金粒子をアルカリ水溶液でリーチング処理する工程において、前記リーチング処理の条件を調整することによって、前記Al合金粒子の表面にAlの酸化物と遷移金属の酸化物とからなり、Cu微粒子を分散して含有している酸化物表面層を形成し、その後、前記リーチング処理したAl合金粒子を酸化性雰囲気中で加熱することによって、前記酸化物表面層中の前記Cu微粒子の一部又は全部を銅酸化物微粒子とした酸化物表面層を有するAl合金粒子によってなることを特徴とするメタノール水蒸気改質用触媒。
- 前記リーチング処理後に酸化性雰囲気中で加熱処理することによって得られる表面酸化物層中の銅酸化物がCuO又はCu(TMxAl1−x)2O4(0<x≦1.0)スピネル化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のメタノール水蒸気改質用触媒。
- 前記リーチング処理後に酸化性雰囲気中で加熱処理することによって得られる表面酸化物層の中で前記Al合金粒子の界面近傍にCu及び遷移金属(TM)の酸化物からなる集積層が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2記載のメタノール水蒸気改質用触媒。
- TMがFe,Ru,Os,Co,Rh,Irの群から選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載のメタノール水蒸気改質用触媒。
- TMがMn,Re,Cr,Mo,W,V,Nb,Taの群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載のメタノール水蒸気改質用触媒。
- 請求項2記載のCuO又はCu(TMxAl1−x)2O4(0<x≦1.0)スピネル化合物を還元することによって形成された粒径が10nm以下のナノCu粒子がFe3O4、Al2O3またはこれらの混合物に囲まれた組織からなる表面層を有することを特徴とするメタノール水蒸気改質用触媒。
- 式Al100−y−zCuyTMz(ただし、yは、10〜30原子%、zは、5〜20原子%であり、TMは、Cu以外の遷移金属の少なくとも1種)で示される準結晶又は関連結晶相のAl合金塊を粉砕することにより得られるAl合金粒子をアルカリ水溶液でリーチング処理する工程において、前記リーチング処理の条件を調整することによって、前記Al合金粒子の表面に、Alの酸化物と遷移金属の酸化物とからなり、Cu微粒子を分散して含有している酸化物表面層を形成し、その後、前記リーチング処理したAl合金粒子を酸化性雰囲気中で加熱することによって、前記酸化物表面層中の前記Cu微粒子の一部又は全部を銅酸化物微粒子とした酸化物表面層を有するAl合金粒子とすることを特徴とするメタノール水蒸気改質用触媒の製造方法。
- 前記リーチング処理後に酸化性雰囲気中で加熱処理することによって得られる表面酸化物層中の銅酸化物がCuO又はCu(TMxAl1−x)2O4(0<x≦1.0)スピネル化合物であることを特徴とする請求項7記載のメタノール水蒸気改質用触媒の製造方法。
- アルカリ水溶液が温度範囲40〜90℃であることを特徴とする請求項7記載のメタノール水蒸気改質用触媒の製造方法。
- アルカリ水溶液が濃度範囲2から15重量%の水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)、炭酸ナトリウム(Na2CO3)又は炭酸水素ナトリウム(NaHCO3)水溶液であることを特徴とする請求項7記載のメタノール水蒸気改質用触媒の製造方法。
- アルカリ水溶液リーチング処理によるAl合金粉末からの溶出量が0.5〜40重量%であることを特徴とする請求項7記載のメタノール水蒸気改質用触媒の製造方法。
- 請求項8記載のCuO又はCu(TMxAl1−x)2O4(0<x≦1.0)スピネル化合物を水素雰囲気中で還元処理することによって粒径が10nm以下のナノCu粒子がFe3O4、Al2O3またはこれらの混合物に囲まれた組織からなる表面層を形成することを特徴とするメタノール水蒸気改質用触媒の製造方法。
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