JPS6115849A - エタンのエチレンへのオキシ脱水素法 - Google Patents

エタンのエチレンへのオキシ脱水素法

Info

Publication number
JPS6115849A
JPS6115849A JP60139258A JP13925885A JPS6115849A JP S6115849 A JPS6115849 A JP S6115849A JP 60139258 A JP60139258 A JP 60139258A JP 13925885 A JP13925885 A JP 13925885A JP S6115849 A JPS6115849 A JP S6115849A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
catalyst
ethane
ethylene
solution
nitrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP60139258A
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0354927B2 (enExample
Inventor
ジエイムス、ハーンドン、マツケイン
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Union Carbide Corp
Original Assignee
Union Carbide Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Union Carbide Corp filed Critical Union Carbide Corp
Publication of JPS6115849A publication Critical patent/JPS6115849A/ja
Publication of JPH0354927B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0354927B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C11/00Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons
    • C07C11/02Alkenes
    • C07C11/04Ethylene
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/02Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • B01J27/057Selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • B01J27/0576Tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/16Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/24Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/28Molybdenum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/16Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/24Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/30Tungsten
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/85Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/88Molybdenum
    • B01J23/887Molybdenum containing in addition other metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/8877Vanadium, tantalum, niobium or polonium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C5/00Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
    • C07C5/42Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor
    • C07C5/48Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
JP60139258A 1984-06-28 1985-06-27 エタンのエチレンへのオキシ脱水素法 Granted JPS6115849A (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/625,777 US4524236A (en) 1984-06-28 1984-06-28 Process for oxydehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene
US625777 2000-07-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6115849A true JPS6115849A (ja) 1986-01-23
JPH0354927B2 JPH0354927B2 (enExample) 1991-08-21

Family

ID=24507547

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP60139258A Granted JPS6115849A (ja) 1984-06-28 1985-06-27 エタンのエチレンへのオキシ脱水素法

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US4524236A (enExample)
EP (1) EP0167109B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JPS6115849A (enExample)
KR (1) KR860000233A (enExample)
AU (1) AU587981B2 (enExample)
BR (1) BR8503080A (enExample)
CA (1) CA1229351A (enExample)
DE (1) DE3562225D1 (enExample)
MX (1) MX167427B (enExample)
NO (1) NO160435C (enExample)
YU (1) YU108185A (enExample)
ZA (1) ZA854882B (enExample)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5414160A (en) * 1992-10-16 1995-05-09 Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation Method for dimerizing butenes, dimeric composition of butenes and method for producing alcohols by means thereof
US5446213A (en) * 1992-06-10 1995-08-29 Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation Dimerization method of lower olefins and alcohol production with dimerized products
JPH1142434A (ja) * 1997-05-28 1999-02-16 Mitsubishi Chem Corp 炭化水素の気相接触酸化反応触媒の製造方法、及びこれを使用する炭化水素の気相接触酸化反応方法
JP2009526051A (ja) * 2006-02-07 2009-07-16 セラニーズ・インターナショナル・コーポレーション 排出制御とエチレン精製のためのブタン吸収システム
JP2015533341A (ja) * 2012-10-19 2015-11-24 インスティテュート メキシカーノ デル ペテロレオ エチレンへのエタンの酸化脱水素及びこのようなプロセスのための触媒としての多金属混合酸化物の調製

Families Citing this family (85)

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US4524236A (en) * 1984-06-28 1985-06-18 Union Carbide Corporation Process for oxydehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene
US4568790A (en) * 1984-06-28 1986-02-04 Union Carbide Corporation Process for oxydehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene
US4746641A (en) * 1984-08-22 1988-05-24 Standard Oil Company Ammoxidation of paraffins and catalysts therefor
US4899003A (en) * 1985-07-11 1990-02-06 Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Company Inc. Process for oxydehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene
US4657886A (en) * 1985-07-25 1987-04-14 Phillips Petroleum Company Catalyst for conversion of C3 and C4 hydrocarbons
DE3681034D1 (de) * 1986-09-24 1991-09-26 Union Carbide Corp Verfahren zur oxydehydrierung von ethan.
US5591315A (en) * 1987-03-13 1997-01-07 The Standard Oil Company Solid-component membranes electrochemical reactor components electrochemical reactors use of membranes reactor components and reactor for oxidation reactions
US5723035A (en) * 1987-03-13 1998-03-03 The Standard Oil Company Coated membranes
US6488739B1 (en) 1987-03-13 2002-12-03 Bp Corporation North America Inc. Oxygen production process
US5162578A (en) * 1987-06-12 1992-11-10 Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation Acetic acid from ethane, ethylene and oxygen
US4777319A (en) * 1987-07-01 1988-10-11 Northwestern University Oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes to unsaturated hydrocarbons
US5210293A (en) * 1989-07-05 1993-05-11 Bp Chemicals Limited Process and catalyst for the production of ethylene and acetic acid
US5260250A (en) * 1989-07-05 1993-11-09 Bp Chemicals Limited Catalyst for the production of ethylene and acetic acid
EP0438902B2 (en) 1989-12-27 2003-06-18 The Standard Oil Company Electrochemical reactors and multicomponent membranes useful for oxidation reactions
GB9027826D0 (en) * 1990-12-21 1991-02-13 Bp Chem Int Ltd Chemical process
IT1252093B (it) * 1991-11-26 1995-06-01 Eniricerche Spa Catalizzatore e procedimento per la deidrogenazione ossidativa di etano ad etilene
DE69422716T2 (de) * 1993-08-26 2000-05-18 Bp America Inc., Cleveland Methode zur verbesserung der oxydation und ammoxydationskatalysatoren
CN1052431C (zh) * 1994-09-12 2000-05-17 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯的催化剂和应用
DE19502747C1 (de) * 1995-01-18 1997-04-24 Mannesmann Ag Katalysator zum oxidativen Dehydrieren oder Cracken von paraffinischen Kohlenwasserstoffen
US6013597A (en) * 1997-09-17 2000-01-11 Saudi Basic Industries Corporation Catalysts for the oxidation of ethane to acetic acid processes of making same and, processes of using same
US6030920A (en) 1997-12-24 2000-02-29 Saudi Basic Industries Corporation Catalysts for producing acetic acid from ethane oxidation, processes of making same and method of using same
GB9807142D0 (en) * 1998-04-02 1998-06-03 Bp Chem Int Ltd Catalyst and process utilising the catalyst
ID22582A (id) 1998-05-18 1999-11-18 Nippon Catalytic Chem Ind Katalis dehidrogenasi oksidasi alkana rendah dan proses untuk memproduksi olefin
US6087297A (en) * 1998-06-29 2000-07-11 Saudi Basic Industries Corporation Catalysts for gas phase production of acetic acid from ethane, processes of making the same and methods of using same
US6028221A (en) 1998-06-29 2000-02-22 Saudi Basic Industries Corporation Catalyst systems for the one step gas phase production of acetic acid from ethylene and methods of making and using the same
AU5445599A (en) * 1998-08-28 2000-03-21 Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha Method for producing oxide catalyst for use in producing acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile from propane or isobutane
DE19841872A1 (de) * 1998-09-14 2000-03-16 Creavis Tech & Innovation Gmbh Elektrokatalytische Selektiv-Oxidation von Kohlenwasserstoffen
US6060421A (en) * 1998-12-23 2000-05-09 Saudi Basic Industries Corporation Catalysts for the oxidation of ethane to acetic acid, methods of making and using the same
US6017846A (en) * 1999-01-11 2000-01-25 Saudi Basic Industries Corporation Highly active and selective catalysts for the production of unsaturated nitriles, methods of making and using the same
US6037304A (en) * 1999-01-11 2000-03-14 Saudi Basic Industries Corporation Highly active and selective catalysts for the production of unsaturated nitriles, methods of making and using the same
US6355854B1 (en) * 1999-02-22 2002-03-12 Symyx Technologies, Inc. Processes for oxidative dehydrogenation
CA2363035C (en) * 1999-02-22 2007-09-04 Symyx Technologies, Inc. Compositions comprising nickel and their use as catalyst in oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes
US6436871B1 (en) 1999-02-22 2002-08-20 Symyx Technologies, Inc. Catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation
JP4247565B2 (ja) 1999-03-10 2009-04-02 東亞合成株式会社 アクリル酸製造用の触媒およびそれを用いたアクリル酸の製造方法
GB9907704D0 (en) * 1999-04-01 1999-05-26 Bp Chem Int Ltd Catalyst and process utilising the catalyst
US6171571B1 (en) * 1999-05-10 2001-01-09 Uop Llc Crystalline multinary metal oxide compositions, process for preparing and processes for using the composition
US6428765B1 (en) 1999-05-10 2002-08-06 Uop Llc Crystalline tantalum containing multinary metal oxide compositions, processes for using the composition
US6235678B1 (en) 1999-06-11 2001-05-22 Saudi Basic Industries Corporation Catalyst system for oxidative dehydrogenation of paraffins
TWI268806B (en) 1999-09-15 2006-12-21 Rohm & Haas A catalyst useful for oxidation of alkanes
US6258992B1 (en) 1999-09-17 2001-07-10 Saudi Basic Industries Corporation Gas phase catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons to carboxylic acids and dehydrogenated products
US6486091B1 (en) 2000-03-14 2002-11-26 Saudi Basic Industries Corporation Process for making highly active and selective catalysts for the production of unsaturated nitriles
US6531631B1 (en) 2000-04-28 2003-03-11 Saudi Basic Industries Corporation Oxidation of ethane to acetic acid and ethylene using molybdenum and vanadium based catalysts
US6444845B1 (en) * 2000-04-28 2002-09-03 Saudia Basic Industries Corporation Process for the oxidation of unsaturated aldehydes to produce carboxylic acids using Mo-V based catalysts
DE10051419A1 (de) * 2000-10-17 2002-04-18 Basf Ag Katalysator bestehend aus einem Trägerkörper und einer auf der Oberfläche des Trägerkörpers aufgebrachten katalytisch aktiven Oxidmasse
EP1349651A4 (en) * 2000-12-22 2006-07-19 Uop Llc CRYSTALLINE MULTI-METAL OXIDE COMPOSITIONS, METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME AND METHOD OF USE OF THE COMPOSITION
US6677497B2 (en) * 2001-03-22 2004-01-13 Symyx Technologies, Inc. Ni catalysts and methods for alkane dehydrogenation
US20040102858A1 (en) * 2001-09-04 2004-05-27 Boris Kesil Soft-touch gripping mechanism for flat objects
ES2192983B1 (es) * 2002-01-31 2004-09-16 Universidad Politecnica De Valencia. Un catalizador para la deshidrogenacion oxidativa de etano a eteno.
US7402719B2 (en) * 2002-06-13 2008-07-22 Velocys Catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation, and microchannel reactors for catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation
US20040024071A1 (en) * 2002-08-01 2004-02-05 Meier Paul F. Perovskite compositions and method of making and process of using such compositions
US7294734B2 (en) * 2003-05-02 2007-11-13 Velocys, Inc. Process for converting a hydrocarbon to an oxygenate or a nitrile
TWI355292B (en) * 2003-06-10 2012-01-01 Bp Chem Int Ltd Catalyst composition and process for the selective
EP1656200A1 (en) * 2003-08-21 2006-05-17 BP Chemicals Limited Catalyst composition and use thereof in ethane oxidation
US8378163B2 (en) 2004-03-23 2013-02-19 Velocys Corp. Catalysts having catalytic material applied directly to thermally-grown alumina and catalytic methods using same, improved methods of oxidative dehydrogenation
CN101023068B (zh) * 2004-08-12 2013-02-13 万罗赛斯公司 使用微通道工艺技术将乙烯转化成环氧乙烷的方法
US7999144B2 (en) 2006-09-01 2011-08-16 Velocys Microchannel apparatus and methods of conducting catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenation
US20080132723A1 (en) * 2006-12-04 2008-06-05 Celanese International Corporation Process for the production of ethylene, acetic acid and carbon monoxide from ethane
DE102007006647A1 (de) 2007-02-06 2008-08-07 Basf Se Verfahren zur Regenerierung eines im Rahmen einer heterogen katalysierten partiellen Dehydrierung eines Kohlenwasserstoffs deaktivierten Katalysatorbetts
BRPI0915854A2 (pt) * 2008-07-14 2015-08-04 Basf Se Processo para preparar óxido de etileno
CA2655841C (en) 2009-02-26 2016-06-21 Nova Chemicals Corporation Supported oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst
US8105972B2 (en) * 2009-04-02 2012-01-31 Lummus Technology Inc. Catalysts for the conversion of paraffins to olefins and use thereof
US8105971B2 (en) * 2009-04-02 2012-01-31 Lummus Technology Inc. Process for making catalysts useful for the conversion of paraffins to olefins
US8519210B2 (en) * 2009-04-02 2013-08-27 Lummus Technology Inc. Process for producing ethylene via oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane
US8524927B2 (en) * 2009-07-13 2013-09-03 Velocys, Inc. Process for making ethylene oxide using microchannel process technology
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EP2716621A1 (de) 2012-10-05 2014-04-09 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Reaktoreinrichtung und Verfahren zur oxidativen Dehydrierung von Alkanen
EP2716622A1 (de) * 2012-10-05 2014-04-09 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Reaktoreinrichtung und Verfahren zur oxidativen Dehydrierung von Alkanen
US9908101B2 (en) 2012-11-07 2018-03-06 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Catalyst for selective dehydrogenation / oxidative dehydrogenation reactions and process for the preparation thereof
US9545610B2 (en) 2013-03-04 2017-01-17 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Complex comprising oxidative dehydrogenation unit
US20140275619A1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Celanese International Corporation Process for Producing Acetic Acid and/or Ethanol By Methane Oxidation
CA2833822C (en) 2013-11-21 2020-08-04 Nova Chemicals Corporation Inherently safe odh operation
CA2867731C (en) 2014-10-15 2022-08-30 Nova Chemicals Corporation High conversion and selectivity odh process
WO2017046315A1 (en) 2015-09-18 2017-03-23 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Alkane oxidative dehydrogenation
US10815169B2 (en) 2016-02-04 2020-10-27 Shell Oil Company Conversion of mixed methane/ethane streams
US10526269B2 (en) 2016-05-19 2020-01-07 Shell Oil Company Process of alkane oxidative dehydrogenation and/or alkene oxidation
CA2933484C (en) 2016-06-20 2023-09-19 Nova Chemicals Corporation Improved catalyst for ethane odh
CA2965062A1 (en) 2017-04-25 2018-10-25 Nova Chemicals Corporation Complex comprising odh unit with integrated oxygen separation module
CA2975140C (en) 2017-08-03 2024-06-18 Nova Chemicals Corporation Agglomerated odh catalyst
CA2975144C (en) 2017-08-03 2025-07-08 Nova Chemicals Corp AGGLOMERATED OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION CATALYST
MY204136A (en) 2018-11-02 2024-08-09 Shell Int Research Separation of ethane oxidative dehydrogenation effluent
WO2021144753A1 (en) * 2020-01-16 2021-07-22 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Selective oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts and method of oxidative dehydrogenation
AR123123A1 (es) 2020-08-03 2022-11-02 Shell Int Research Proceso integrado de producción de etileno
KR20240050384A (ko) * 2021-08-23 2024-04-18 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 알칸을 올레핀으로 탈수소화하기 위한 촉매 및 방법
EP4424415A1 (en) * 2023-02-28 2024-09-04 Dow Global Technologies LLC Catalyst and process for the dehydrogenation of alkanes to olefins

Citations (1)

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JPS5242806A (en) * 1975-10-01 1977-04-04 Union Carbide Corp Process for preparing ethylfne by low temperature oxy dehydrogenation of ethane

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5446213A (en) * 1992-06-10 1995-08-29 Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation Dimerization method of lower olefins and alcohol production with dimerized products
US5414160A (en) * 1992-10-16 1995-05-09 Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation Method for dimerizing butenes, dimeric composition of butenes and method for producing alcohols by means thereof
JPH1142434A (ja) * 1997-05-28 1999-02-16 Mitsubishi Chem Corp 炭化水素の気相接触酸化反応触媒の製造方法、及びこれを使用する炭化水素の気相接触酸化反応方法
JP2009526051A (ja) * 2006-02-07 2009-07-16 セラニーズ・インターナショナル・コーポレーション 排出制御とエチレン精製のためのブタン吸収システム
JP2015533341A (ja) * 2012-10-19 2015-11-24 インスティテュート メキシカーノ デル ペテロレオ エチレンへのエタンの酸化脱水素及びこのようなプロセスのための触媒としての多金属混合酸化物の調製

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0167109B1 (en) 1988-04-20
DE3562225D1 (en) 1988-05-26
YU108185A (en) 1987-10-31
KR860000233A (ko) 1986-01-27
AU4428885A (en) 1986-01-02
AU587981B2 (en) 1989-09-07
ZA854882B (en) 1986-02-26
CA1229351A (en) 1987-11-17
MX167427B (es) 1993-03-22
NO160435C (no) 1989-04-19
BR8503080A (pt) 1986-03-11
EP0167109A3 (en) 1986-04-23
NO852592L (no) 1985-12-30
NO160435B (no) 1989-01-09
EP0167109A2 (en) 1986-01-08
JPH0354927B2 (enExample) 1991-08-21
US4524236A (en) 1985-06-18

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