JPH08506166A - 管継手 - Google Patents
管継手Info
- Publication number
- JPH08506166A JPH08506166A JP6511810A JP51181094A JPH08506166A JP H08506166 A JPH08506166 A JP H08506166A JP 6511810 A JP6511810 A JP 6511810A JP 51181094 A JP51181094 A JP 51181094A JP H08506166 A JPH08506166 A JP H08506166A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- gasket
- joint
- pipe joint
- response
- strain
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 108091027981 Response element Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B31/00—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts
- F16B31/02—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts for indicating the attainment of a particular tensile load or limiting tensile load
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L23/00—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid
- G01L23/08—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid operated electrically
- G01L23/18—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid operated electrically by resistance strain gauges
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B31/00—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts
- F16B31/02—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts for indicating the attainment of a particular tensile load or limiting tensile load
- F16B2031/022—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts for indicating the attainment of a particular tensile load or limiting tensile load using an ultrasonic transducer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S285/00—Pipe joints or couplings
- Y10S285/91—Gaskets
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Pipeline Systems (AREA)
- Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
- Clamps And Clips (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.軸方向の開口を有する第1の継手構成部品と、前記第1の開口と共軸上に配 設された軸方向の開口を有する第2の継手構成部品と、前記構成部品間に挟装さ れるガスケットと、前記第1の継手構成部品を前記第2の継手構成部品に、それ らの間に前記ガスケットをその両面が前記各継手構成部品と接するように挟装し て固定するように設けられる複数のボルトとからなる管継手であって、前記ガス ケットが、その全周に沿って実質的に等間隔で配置され、それぞれその間に応力 又はひずみ応答材料を挟装する一対の電極からなり、それぞれその両面が前記ガ スケットの両面から離隔された複数の応力又はひずみ応答要素と、個々の前記応 答要素にかかる応力又はひずみを直近のボルトに加わるトルクに対応して検出可 能に表示し得るように、前記各応答要素を出力表示手段に接続するための手段と を一体的に有することを特徴とする管継手。 2.前記継手構成部品が管状部材からなり、かつ前記ガスケットが環状をなすこ とを特徴とする第1請求項記載の管継手。 3.前記各応答要素が前記ガスケット内に包み込まれていることを特徴とする第 1乃至第2請求項記載の管継手。 4.少なくとも4個の前記応答要素を有することを特徴とする第1乃至第3請求 項のいずれか記載の管継手。 5.前記ガスケットが、前記第1及び第2の継手構成部品に設けられた前記ボル トの貫通孔に対して相補的に設けられた貫通孔を有することを特徴とする第1乃 至第4請求項のいずれか記載の管継手。 6.前記複数の応答要素の数が前記複数のボルトの数と等しいことを特徴とする 第1乃至第5請求項のいずれか記載の管継手。 7.前記複数の応答要素が前記ガスケットの全周に沿って、前記開口の 軸線から放射方向外向きに各ボルトを通るように引いた線が各応答要素を通過す るように、配設されていることを特徴とする第1乃至第6請求項いずれか記載の 管継手。 8.前記応答要素が圧電素子からなることを特徴とする第1乃至第7請求項のい ずれか記載の管継手。 9.前記応答要素がひずみゲージからなることを特徴とする第1乃至第7請求項 のいずれか記載の管継手。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9223481.4 | 1992-10-11 | ||
GB9223481A GB2272524B (en) | 1992-11-10 | 1992-11-10 | Joints |
PCT/GB1993/002175 WO1994011718A1 (en) | 1992-11-10 | 1993-10-21 | Joints |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH08506166A true JPH08506166A (ja) | 1996-07-02 |
JP3289108B2 JP3289108B2 (ja) | 2002-06-04 |
Family
ID=10724791
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP51181094A Expired - Fee Related JP3289108B2 (ja) | 1992-11-10 | 1993-10-21 | 管継手 |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5529346A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0670037B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3289108B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100296945B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1053961C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE146589T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU672064B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2147463C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69306813T2 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB2272524B (ja) |
IN (1) | IN180486B (ja) |
MY (1) | MY111477A (ja) |
NO (1) | NO311109B1 (ja) |
NZ (1) | NZ257150A (ja) |
TW (1) | TW270167B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1994011718A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007292628A (ja) * | 2006-04-26 | 2007-11-08 | Hitachi Engineering & Services Co Ltd | フランジ締結監視装置 |
JP2009271074A (ja) * | 2008-05-05 | 2009-11-19 | Kistler Holding Ag | 荷重変換器 |
KR20150093624A (ko) * | 2014-02-07 | 2015-08-18 | 반즈 그룹 인크. | 토크 유지 장치 |
JP2016173318A (ja) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-09-29 | 株式会社東芝 | 面圧計測システム |
WO2018216133A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-24 | 2018-11-29 | 株式会社バルカー | シール材の施工モニタリング装置、施工モニタリングプログラム、施工モニタリング方法、施工モニタリングシステムおよび施工実習システム |
Families Citing this family (37)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE9320143U1 (de) * | 1993-12-30 | 1995-04-27 | Nord, Klaus Jürgen, 68199 Mannheim | Vorrichtung zum Steuern einer elektrischen Signaleinrichtung beim Auftreten unzulässiger Bewegungen von abgedichteten Wellen technischer Geräte |
DE19527514C2 (de) * | 1995-07-27 | 1999-04-22 | Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt | Schnittstelle für die Schwingungsreduktion in strukturdynamischen Systemen |
GB2317701A (en) * | 1996-08-22 | 1998-04-01 | Vladimir Brnicevic | Seal with integral pressure sensor |
US5973317A (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 1999-10-26 | Cidra Corporation | Washer having fiber optic Bragg Grating sensors for sensing a shoulder load between components in a drill string |
US5925879A (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 1999-07-20 | Cidra Corporation | Oil and gas well packer having fiber optic Bragg Grating sensors for downhole insitu inflation monitoring |
US5945665A (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 1999-08-31 | Cidra Corporation | Bolt, stud or fastener having an embedded fiber optic Bragg Grating sensor for sensing tensioning strain |
US6175108B1 (en) | 1998-01-30 | 2001-01-16 | Cidra Corporation | Accelerometer featuring fiber optic bragg grating sensor for providing multiplexed multi-axis acceleration sensing |
US6191414B1 (en) | 1998-06-05 | 2001-02-20 | Cidra Corporation | Composite form as a component for a pressure transducer |
DE19826177B4 (de) * | 1998-06-13 | 2005-12-22 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur aktiven Beeinflussung und Dämmung von Schwingungen, die von einem zumindest mittelbar motorisch angetriebenen Fahrzeug ausgehen |
US6233374B1 (en) | 1999-06-04 | 2001-05-15 | Cidra Corporation | Mandrel-wound fiber optic pressure sensor |
US6601671B1 (en) | 2000-07-10 | 2003-08-05 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Method and apparatus for seismically surveying an earth formation in relation to a borehole |
WO2003071119A2 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-28 | Dana Corporation | Apparatus for measuring pressures in engine cylinders |
US7111505B2 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2006-09-26 | Dana Corporation | Multi-layer steel cylinder head gasket with integrated pressure sensor |
US6739183B1 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2004-05-25 | Dana Corporation | Multiple-layer cylinder head gasket with integral pressure sensor apparatus for measuring pressures within engine cylinders |
US6957574B2 (en) * | 2003-05-19 | 2005-10-25 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Well integrity monitoring system |
US6840114B2 (en) * | 2003-05-19 | 2005-01-11 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Housing on the exterior of a well casing for optical fiber sensors |
DE102004025135B4 (de) * | 2004-05-17 | 2006-04-20 | Pt-Poly-Tec Gmbh Vertrieb Und Herstellung Von Dichtsystemen | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Leckagevorwarnung und Bauteilpositionierungsanzeige bei Muffenverbindungen |
US20070193361A1 (en) * | 2006-02-20 | 2007-08-23 | Davie/Coffee Technologies, LLC | Compressive load sensor by capacitive measurement |
US20190271419A1 (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2019-09-05 | Swagelok Company | Conduit connection with sensor |
US20100320755A1 (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2010-12-23 | Swagelok Company | Apparatus and method of zero clearance connection with optional sensing function |
DE202008009317U1 (de) | 2008-07-11 | 2008-09-18 | Kempchen Leuna Gmbh | Dichtungsanordnung für eine Flanschverbindung |
US9587966B2 (en) | 2011-10-12 | 2017-03-07 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Method for determining stress in flexible joints by use of leveling means |
KR101293984B1 (ko) | 2011-12-02 | 2013-08-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 스트레인게이지 타입의 힘-토크 센서 및 그 제조 방법 |
KR101480384B1 (ko) | 2013-04-11 | 2015-01-09 | 한국기계연구원 | 일체형 자가 상태 감지 공기 구동 밸브 |
JP2015141345A (ja) * | 2014-01-29 | 2015-08-03 | 日本バルカー工業株式会社 | フランジ締付け実習システム |
US10578503B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2020-03-03 | Swagelok Company | System and methods for strain detection in a coupling |
CN104747719A (zh) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-07-01 | 苏州宝骅机械技术有限公司 | 一种密封面应力可感知的密封组件 |
CN105466649A (zh) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-04-06 | 苏州宝骅机械技术有限公司 | 一种压紧载荷可检测密封组件及其使用方法 |
CN105605078B (zh) * | 2016-03-11 | 2018-07-13 | 大连理工大学 | 一种用于监测螺栓连接界面的智能垫片装置 |
CN105909892B (zh) * | 2016-05-05 | 2018-06-08 | 武汉工程大学 | 一种基于垫片压缩回弹特性的法兰接头预紧力设计方法 |
CN108469326B (zh) * | 2018-02-28 | 2020-08-25 | 北京电子工程总体研究所 | 一种微力螺旋测量装置及系统 |
RU2702456C1 (ru) * | 2018-09-12 | 2019-10-08 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Силур" | Интеллектуальное уплотнение для контроля состояния разъемных соединений |
RU2738289C2 (ru) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-12-11 | Василий Мотелевич Оснач | Прокладка-уплотнитель, передающая информацию о своем состоянии |
RU188644U1 (ru) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-04-18 | Акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение "СПЛАВ" (АО "НПО "СПЛАВ") | Уплотнительная прокладка для фланцевого соединения |
RU2695179C1 (ru) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-07-22 | Акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение "СПЛАВ" (АО "НПО "СПЛАВ") | Уплотнительная прокладка для фланцевого соединения |
US20210208018A1 (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2021-07-08 | Lgc Us Asset Holdings, Llc | Sensor-embedded gasket for real-time monitoring |
CN111120482A (zh) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-08 | 郑州大学 | 一种新型可监控的补偿式垫圈装置及监控方法 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1569837A (en) * | 1920-03-26 | 1926-01-12 | Spicer Mfg Corp | Means for determining tension on bolts |
US3151258A (en) * | 1960-12-10 | 1964-09-29 | Sonderegger Hans Conrad | Device for measuring the forces between components of an assembly |
US4741231A (en) * | 1986-04-14 | 1988-05-03 | The Warner & Swasey Company | Tool force sensor and method of making same |
JPH02179430A (ja) * | 1988-10-12 | 1990-07-12 | Polysens Spa | 動的力を検出するためのトランスジューサ及び、該トランスジューサを含み、計測及び/又は制御する装置及び方法 |
JPH04231829A (ja) * | 1990-05-31 | 1992-08-20 | Kistler Instr Ag | 平行にされた円板測定要素及び集積増幅器を有する介在式力センサ |
JPH05256709A (ja) * | 1991-06-24 | 1993-10-05 | Fel Pro Inc | 囲まれた荷重センサをもつガスケット |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3358257A (en) * | 1965-12-27 | 1967-12-12 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | Force and moment transducer |
DE3333285A1 (de) * | 1983-09-15 | 1985-04-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Einrichtung zum erfassen von kraeften, spannungen bzw. beschleunigungen an maschinen, geraeten oder dgl. |
US4573351A (en) * | 1984-02-13 | 1986-03-04 | Litton Systems, Inc. | Hub moment sensor for a horizontal rotor aircraft |
WO1991001198A1 (en) * | 1989-07-14 | 1991-02-07 | Richard Paul Warren | Method for monitoring gasket compression during fastener tensioning |
DE4015109A1 (de) * | 1990-05-11 | 1991-11-14 | Lechler Elring Dichtungswerke | Zylinderkopfdichtung |
US20110187651A1 (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2011-08-04 | Honeywell International Inc. | Touch screen having adaptive input parameter |
-
1992
- 1992-11-10 GB GB9223481A patent/GB2272524B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-10-21 AT AT93923595T patent/ATE146589T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-21 KR KR1019950701606A patent/KR100296945B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-21 AU AU53560/94A patent/AU672064B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-10-21 DE DE69306813T patent/DE69306813T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-21 US US08/428,159 patent/US5529346A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-21 CA CA002147463A patent/CA2147463C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-10-21 NZ NZ257150A patent/NZ257150A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-21 JP JP51181094A patent/JP3289108B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-10-21 WO PCT/GB1993/002175 patent/WO1994011718A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-10-21 EP EP93923595A patent/EP0670037B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-22 TW TW082108834A patent/TW270167B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-08 MY MYPI93002340A patent/MY111477A/en unknown
- 1993-11-09 IN IN682CA1993 patent/IN180486B/en unknown
- 1993-11-10 CN CN93114863A patent/CN1053961C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-05-08 NO NO19951786A patent/NO311109B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1569837A (en) * | 1920-03-26 | 1926-01-12 | Spicer Mfg Corp | Means for determining tension on bolts |
US3151258A (en) * | 1960-12-10 | 1964-09-29 | Sonderegger Hans Conrad | Device for measuring the forces between components of an assembly |
US4741231A (en) * | 1986-04-14 | 1988-05-03 | The Warner & Swasey Company | Tool force sensor and method of making same |
JPH02179430A (ja) * | 1988-10-12 | 1990-07-12 | Polysens Spa | 動的力を検出するためのトランスジューサ及び、該トランスジューサを含み、計測及び/又は制御する装置及び方法 |
JPH04231829A (ja) * | 1990-05-31 | 1992-08-20 | Kistler Instr Ag | 平行にされた円板測定要素及び集積増幅器を有する介在式力センサ |
JPH05256709A (ja) * | 1991-06-24 | 1993-10-05 | Fel Pro Inc | 囲まれた荷重センサをもつガスケット |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007292628A (ja) * | 2006-04-26 | 2007-11-08 | Hitachi Engineering & Services Co Ltd | フランジ締結監視装置 |
JP4699935B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-26 | 2011-06-15 | 株式会社日立エンジニアリング・アンド・サービス | フランジ締結監視装置 |
JP2009271074A (ja) * | 2008-05-05 | 2009-11-19 | Kistler Holding Ag | 荷重変換器 |
KR20150093624A (ko) * | 2014-02-07 | 2015-08-18 | 반즈 그룹 인크. | 토크 유지 장치 |
JP2015155751A (ja) * | 2014-02-07 | 2015-08-27 | バーンズ グループ インコーポレーテッド | トルク保持配置 |
JP2016173318A (ja) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-09-29 | 株式会社東芝 | 面圧計測システム |
WO2018216133A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-24 | 2018-11-29 | 株式会社バルカー | シール材の施工モニタリング装置、施工モニタリングプログラム、施工モニタリング方法、施工モニタリングシステムおよび施工実習システム |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO951786L (no) | 1995-05-08 |
AU672064B2 (en) | 1996-09-19 |
WO1994011718A1 (en) | 1994-05-26 |
GB2272524B (en) | 1994-11-09 |
DE69306813T2 (de) | 1997-06-12 |
CA2147463C (en) | 2004-04-20 |
KR950704674A (ko) | 1995-11-20 |
CN1053961C (zh) | 2000-06-28 |
NO951786D0 (no) | 1995-05-08 |
MY111477A (en) | 2000-06-30 |
ATE146589T1 (de) | 1997-01-15 |
IN180486B (ja) | 1998-02-07 |
JP3289108B2 (ja) | 2002-06-04 |
US5529346A (en) | 1996-06-25 |
KR100296945B1 (ko) | 2002-05-13 |
GB9223481D0 (en) | 1992-12-23 |
CN1089724A (zh) | 1994-07-20 |
GB2272524A (en) | 1994-05-18 |
EP0670037A1 (en) | 1995-09-06 |
NO311109B1 (no) | 2001-10-08 |
TW270167B (ja) | 1996-02-11 |
AU5356094A (en) | 1994-06-08 |
EP0670037B1 (en) | 1996-12-18 |
CA2147463A1 (en) | 1994-05-26 |
NZ257150A (en) | 1995-12-21 |
DE69306813D1 (de) | 1997-01-30 |
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