JPH05507793A - ミクロ液体構造およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
ミクロ液体構造およびその製造方法Info
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- JPH05507793A JPH05507793A JP91509783A JP50978391A JPH05507793A JP H05507793 A JPH05507793 A JP H05507793A JP 91509783 A JP91509783 A JP 91509783A JP 50978391 A JP50978391 A JP 50978391A JP H05507793 A JPH05507793 A JP H05507793A
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- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C1/00015—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems
- B81C1/00023—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems without movable or flexible elements
- B81C1/00055—Grooves
- B81C1/00071—Channels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D57/00—Separation, other than separation of solids, not fully covered by a single other group or subclass, e.g. B03C
- B01D57/02—Separation, other than separation of solids, not fully covered by a single other group or subclass, e.g. B03C by electrophoresis
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
- B01L3/502707—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by the manufacture of the container or its components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/42—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the shape of the moulding surface, e.g. ribs or grooves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D24/00—Producing articles with hollow walls
- B29D24/002—Producing articles with hollow walls formed with structures, e.g. cores placed between two plates or sheets, e.g. partially filled
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/447—Systems using electrophoresis
- G01N27/44704—Details; Accessories
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/447—Systems using electrophoresis
- G01N27/44756—Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G01N27/44791—Microapparatus
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/60—Construction of the column
- G01N30/6052—Construction of the column body
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/60—Construction of the column
- G01N30/6095—Micromachined or nanomachined, e.g. micro- or nanosize
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
- B01L2200/02—Adapting objects or devices to another
- B01L2200/025—Align devices or objects to ensure defined positions relative to each other
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
- B01L2200/06—Fluid handling related problems
- B01L2200/0689—Sealing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
- B01L2200/12—Specific details about manufacturing devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0809—Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped
- B01L2300/0816—Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0861—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
- B01L2300/0874—Three dimensional network
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0887—Laminated structure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
- B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
- B01L2400/0415—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces electrical forces, e.g. electrokinetic
- B01L2400/0421—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces electrical forces, e.g. electrokinetic electrophoretic flow
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/24—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped crosslinked or vulcanised
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C2201/00—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems
- B81C2201/01—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C2201/0174—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems in or on a substrate for making multi-layered devices, film deposition or growing
- B81C2201/019—Bonding or gluing multiple substrate layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C2201/00—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems
- B81C2201/03—Processes for manufacturing substrate-free structures
- B81C2201/034—Moulding
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.第1、第2のほぼ平らな形状安定性基層(1、2)と、弾性材料の中間隔離 層(3)とを包含し、前記隔離層(3)にくぼみが形成されていて、前記第1、 第2の基層のうちの少なくとも1つと共にミクロ空所システムまたはチャンネル ・システムを構成していることを特徴とするミクロ液体構造。 2.請求項1記載のミクロ液体構造において、前記隔離層(3)の全厚みを貫い てくぼみが設けてあって、空所システムまたはチャンネル・システム(4)の側 壁を隔離層(3)によって形成し、頂壁および底壁を基層(1、2)によって形 成したことを特徴とするミクロ液体構造。 3.請求項1または2記載のミクロ液体構造において、隔離層および少なくとも 1つの基層が同じ材料で作ってあることを特徴とするミクロ液体構造。 4.請求項3記載のミクロ液体構造において、隔離層が基層(21)の1つと一 体であることを特徴とするミクロ液体構造。 5.請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のミクロ液体構造において、前記基層の うちの少なくとも1つが可撓性であることを特徴とするミクロ液体構造。 6.請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のミクロ液体構造において、前記基層( 1、2)のうちの少なくとも1つが剛性であることを特徴とするミクロ液体構造 。 7.請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のミクロ液体構造において、隔離層構造 (3)が基層間のスペース全体を占めておらず、この構造によって構成されるチ ャンネルまたは空所(4)の壁部材を形成していることを特徴とするミクロ液体 構造。 8.請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のミクロ液体構造において、前記構造が 毛管電気泳動のためのプレートであることを特徴とするミクロ液体構造。 9.請求項8記載のミクロ液体構造において、基層(1、2)のうちの1つに配 置した検出器手段(7)を包含することを特徴とするミクロ液体構造。 10.請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載のミクロ液体構造において、前記構造 が、基層(1、2)によって分離された少なくとも2つの隔離層(3)を包含し 、一方の隔離層のチャンネルまたは空所が、中間の基層に設けた孔によって隣の 層のチャンネルまたは空所に接続していることを特徴とするミクロ液体構造。 11.第1、第2のほぼ平らな形状安定性基層(1、2)と、弾性材料の中間隔 離層(3)とを包含し、前記隔離層(3)にくぼみが形成されていて、前記第1 、第2の基層のうちの少なくとも1つと共にミクロ空所システムまたはチャンネ ル・システムを構成しているミクロ液体構造を製造する方法であって、(i)所 望の隔離層幾何学形状に対応するレリーフ・パターンを有する平らな型面を設け 、隔離層材料をオプションとして第1の基層(2)に取り付けるかあるいはそれ と一体に形成する段階と、(ii)前記型面に対して隔離層(3)を成形する段 階と、(iii)型から取り出した後に第2の基層(1)およびオプションとし て前記第1の基層(2)を隔離層(3)の両側に取り付けてチャンネルまたは空 所システム(4)を完成する段階とを包含することを特徴とする方法。 12.請求項11記載の方法において、a)所望の隔離層幾何学形状に対応する レリーフ・パターンを有する扁平な型を設ける段階と、b)この型に第1基層( 2)を取り付ける段階と、c)型面と基層(2)の間に構成されたキャビティに 架橋性ポリマー液または熱可塑性ポリマー溶融体を注入する段階と、 d)架橋または温度低下によって前記の注入したポリマーを安定化する段階と、 e)型から基層/隔離層組立体(2、3)を取り出す段階と、 f)前記組立体(2、3)の隔離層(3)に第2の基層(1)を取り付ける段階 とを包含することを特徴とする方法。 13.請求項11記載の方法において、a)所望の隔離層幾何学形状に対応する レリーフ・パターンを有する扁平な型を設ける段階と、b)オプションとして第 1基層(2)によって支持されるかあるいはそれと一体となっている架橋性ある いは熱可塑性隔離層材料を型に取り付け、この組立体を、オプションとして加熱 しながら一緒にプレスする段階と、 c)架橋あるいは温度低下によって形成済みの隔離層(3)を安定化する段階と 、 d)型から隔離層構造を取り出す段階と、e)この隔離層(3)に第2基層(1 )およびオプションとして前記第1基層(1)に取り付ける段階とを包含するこ とを特徴とする方法。 14.請求項13記載の方法において、段階b)、c)で一体の基層/隔離層部 材が製造されることを特徴とする方法。 15.請求項12〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法において、前記架橋が光開 始によって行われることを特徴とする方法。 16.請求項11〜15のいずれか1項に記載の方法において、型面の前記レリ ーフ・パターンが蝕刻によって作られることを特徴とする方法。 17.請求の範囲第16項記載の方法において、前記型が単結晶シリコンで作っ てあることを特徴とする方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9001699A SE470347B (sv) | 1990-05-10 | 1990-05-10 | Mikrostruktur för vätskeflödessystem och förfarande för tillverkning av ett sådant system |
SE9001699-9 | 1990-05-10 | ||
PCT/SE1991/000327 WO1991016966A1 (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1991-05-08 | Microfluidic structure and process for its manufacture |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JPH05507793A true JPH05507793A (ja) | 1993-11-04 |
JP2983060B2 JP2983060B2 (ja) | 1999-11-29 |
Family
ID=20379450
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP3509783A Expired - Lifetime JP2983060B2 (ja) | 1990-05-10 | 1991-05-08 | ミクロ液体構造およびその製造方法 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5376252A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0527905B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2983060B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE130528T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69114838T2 (ja) |
SE (1) | SE470347B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1991016966A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000014527A1 (fr) * | 1998-09-02 | 2000-03-16 | Sankyo Company, Limited | Systeme d'electrophorese |
WO2000022426A1 (fr) * | 1998-10-09 | 2000-04-20 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Systeme d'electrophorese capillaire, dispositif d'analyse d'echantillons et cassette d'echantillons liquides pour separation electrophoretique |
JP2001523001A (ja) * | 1997-11-12 | 2001-11-20 | ピーイー コーポレイション (エヌワイ) | 自己修正ベンドをもつ蛇行電気泳動チャネル |
US7189367B2 (en) | 2000-09-13 | 2007-03-13 | Riken | Reactor and process for production thereof |
JP4751554B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-23 | 2011-08-17 | アクララ バイオサイエンシーズ, インコーポレイテッド | プラスチックからなる2つの工作物を、異物を用いずに接合するための方法 |
Families Citing this family (441)
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US6176962B1 (en) | 1990-02-28 | 2001-01-23 | Aclara Biosciences, Inc. | Methods for fabricating enclosed microchannel structures |
US5935401A (en) * | 1996-09-18 | 1999-08-10 | Aclara Biosciences | Surface modified electrophoretic chambers |
US7297313B1 (en) | 1991-08-31 | 2007-11-20 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Microfabricated reactor, process for manufacturing the reactor, and method of amplification |
US5587128A (en) | 1992-05-01 | 1996-12-24 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Mesoscale polynucleotide amplification devices |
US5726026A (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1998-03-10 | Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Mesoscale sample preparation device and systems for determination and processing of analytes |
US5498392A (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1996-03-12 | Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Mesoscale polynucleotide amplification device and method |
US5637469A (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1997-06-10 | Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Methods and apparatus for the detection of an analyte utilizing mesoscale flow systems |
US5296375A (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1994-03-22 | Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Mesoscale sperm handling devices |
US5304487A (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1994-04-19 | Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Fluid handling in mesoscale analytical devices |
US6953676B1 (en) | 1992-05-01 | 2005-10-11 | Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Mesoscale polynucleotide amplification device and method |
CA2134477C (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1999-07-06 | Peter Wilding | Analysis based on flow restriction |
US5486335A (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1996-01-23 | Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Analysis based on flow restriction |
US5639423A (en) * | 1992-08-31 | 1997-06-17 | The Regents Of The University Of Calfornia | Microfabricated reactor |
EP0620432B1 (en) | 1993-04-15 | 2004-08-25 | Zeptosens AG | Method for controlling sample introduction in microcolumn separation techniques and sampling device |
EP0635994B1 (en) * | 1993-07-08 | 1998-09-23 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method and apparatus for separating particles |
US5580523A (en) * | 1994-04-01 | 1996-12-03 | Bard; Allen J. | Integrated chemical synthesizers |
US6001229A (en) * | 1994-08-01 | 1999-12-14 | Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for performing microfluidic manipulations for chemical analysis |
DE4435107C1 (de) * | 1994-09-30 | 1996-04-04 | Biometra Biomedizinische Analy | Miniaturisierter Fluß-Thermocycler |
USRE43097E1 (en) | 1994-10-13 | 2012-01-10 | Illumina, Inc. | Massively parallel signature sequencing by ligation of encoded adaptors |
US5571410A (en) * | 1994-10-19 | 1996-11-05 | Hewlett Packard Company | Fully integrated miniaturized planar liquid sample handling and analysis device |
US5658413A (en) * | 1994-10-19 | 1997-08-19 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Miniaturized planar columns in novel support media for liquid phase analysis |
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- 1991-05-08 DE DE69114838T patent/DE69114838T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-08 AT AT91909829T patent/ATE130528T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-05-08 EP EP91909829A patent/EP0527905B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (6)
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JP2001523001A (ja) * | 1997-11-12 | 2001-11-20 | ピーイー コーポレイション (エヌワイ) | 自己修正ベンドをもつ蛇行電気泳動チャネル |
WO2000014527A1 (fr) * | 1998-09-02 | 2000-03-16 | Sankyo Company, Limited | Systeme d'electrophorese |
WO2000022426A1 (fr) * | 1998-10-09 | 2000-04-20 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Systeme d'electrophorese capillaire, dispositif d'analyse d'echantillons et cassette d'echantillons liquides pour separation electrophoretique |
US6787017B1 (en) | 1998-10-09 | 2004-09-07 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Capillary electrophoretis system, sample analyzer and liquid sample cassette for electrophoretic separation |
JP4751554B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-23 | 2011-08-17 | アクララ バイオサイエンシーズ, インコーポレイテッド | プラスチックからなる2つの工作物を、異物を用いずに接合するための方法 |
US7189367B2 (en) | 2000-09-13 | 2007-03-13 | Riken | Reactor and process for production thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE9001699D0 (sv) | 1990-05-10 |
US5376252A (en) | 1994-12-27 |
ATE130528T1 (de) | 1995-12-15 |
SE470347B (sv) | 1994-01-31 |
WO1991016966A1 (en) | 1991-11-14 |
SE9001699L (sv) | 1991-11-11 |
JP2983060B2 (ja) | 1999-11-29 |
DE69114838T2 (de) | 1996-06-05 |
DE69114838D1 (de) | 1996-01-04 |
EP0527905A1 (en) | 1993-02-24 |
EP0527905B1 (en) | 1995-11-22 |
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