JPH027347A - キセノン‐メタルハライドランプ - Google Patents
キセノン‐メタルハライドランプInfo
- Publication number
- JPH027347A JPH027347A JP1036459A JP3645989A JPH027347A JP H027347 A JPH027347 A JP H027347A JP 1036459 A JP1036459 A JP 1036459A JP 3645989 A JP3645989 A JP 3645989A JP H027347 A JPH027347 A JP H027347A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- light source
- xenon
- iodide
- metal halide
- envelope
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- HUIHCQPFSRNMNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K scandium(3+);triiodide Chemical compound [Sc+3].[I-].[I-].[I-] HUIHCQPFSRNMNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OKIIEJOIXGHUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium iodide Chemical compound [Cd+2].[I-].[I-] OKIIEJOIXGHUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940075417 cadmium iodide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CMJCEVKJYRZMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M thallium(i) iodide Chemical compound [Tl]I CMJCEVKJYRZMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GQKYKPLGNBXERW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-fluoro-1h-indazol-5-amine Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(N)=CC2=C1NN=C2 GQKYKPLGNBXERW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[Cs+] XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- KXCRAPCRWWGWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-K holmium(3+);triiodide Chemical compound I[Ho](I)I KXCRAPCRWWGWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910003452 thorium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- MDMUQRJQFHEVFG-UHFFFAOYSA-J thorium(iv) iodide Chemical compound [I-].[I-].[I-].[I-].[Th+4] MDMUQRJQFHEVFG-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 1
- LZOMHYVAEHYDST-UHFFFAOYSA-K thulium(3+);triiodide Chemical compound I[Tm](I)I LZOMHYVAEHYDST-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- QPBYLOWPSRZOFX-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) iodide Chemical compound I[Sn](I)(I)I QPBYLOWPSRZOFX-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 1
- RMUKCGUDVKEQPL-UHFFFAOYSA-K triiodoindigane Chemical compound I[In](I)I RMUKCGUDVKEQPL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003736 xenon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/84—Lamps with discharge constricted by high pressure
- H01J61/86—Lamps with discharge constricted by high pressure with discharge additionally constricted by close spacing of electrodes, e.g. for optical projection
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
- F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
- F21S41/17—Discharge light sources
- F21S41/173—Fluorescent light sources
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
- Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US15743688A | 1988-02-18 | 1988-02-18 | |
| US157,436 | 1988-02-18 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27413094A Division JP3213181B2 (ja) | 1988-02-18 | 1994-11-09 | 放電照明装置、自動車用ヘッドランプ装置、および光出力を発生する方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH027347A true JPH027347A (ja) | 1990-01-11 |
| JPH0550097B2 JPH0550097B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1993-07-28 |
Family
ID=22563708
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1036459A Granted JPH027347A (ja) | 1988-02-18 | 1989-02-17 | キセノン‐メタルハライドランプ |
| JP27413094A Expired - Fee Related JP3213181B2 (ja) | 1988-02-18 | 1994-11-09 | 放電照明装置、自動車用ヘッドランプ装置、および光出力を発生する方法 |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27413094A Expired - Fee Related JP3213181B2 (ja) | 1988-02-18 | 1994-11-09 | 放電照明装置、自動車用ヘッドランプ装置、および光出力を発生する方法 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (2) | JPH027347A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CA (1) | CA1301238C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE3904926C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR2627627B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB2216334B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NL (1) | NL193231C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05266862A (ja) * | 1992-03-17 | 1993-10-15 | Koito Mfg Co Ltd | 放電ランプ装置用アークチューブ |
| WO2000016360A1 (en) * | 1998-09-16 | 2000-03-23 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.,Ltd | Anhydrous silver halide lamp |
| US6873109B2 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 2005-03-29 | Harison Toshiba Lighting Corporation | Metal halide discharge lamp, lighting device for metal halide discharge lamp, and illuminating apparatus using metal halide discharge lamp |
| JP2005527089A (ja) * | 2002-05-24 | 2005-09-08 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | 高圧ガス放電ランプ |
| US7242144B2 (en) | 2001-09-27 | 2007-07-10 | Harison Toshiba Lighting Corp. | High-pressure discharge lamp, high-pressure discharge lamp lighting device and automotive headlamp apparatus |
| KR100824336B1 (ko) * | 2001-08-27 | 2008-04-22 | 스탠리 일렉트릭 컴퍼니, 리미티드 | 메탈 할라이드 램프 |
| JP2010501984A (ja) * | 2006-08-24 | 2010-01-21 | ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ | 効率および寿命が改善された、高発色大型パーライト |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6653801B1 (en) | 1979-11-06 | 2003-11-25 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Mercury-free metal-halide lamp |
| JPH0760603B2 (ja) * | 1989-07-19 | 1995-06-28 | 株式会社小糸製作所 | 車輌用前照灯 |
| US4968916A (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1990-11-06 | General Electric Company | Xenon-metal halide lamp particularly suited for automotive applications having an improved electrode structure |
| DE3933540C2 (de) * | 1989-10-07 | 1999-04-01 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Scheinwerfer mit veränderbarer Lage einer darin angeordneten Lichtquelle für Kraftfahrzeuge |
| US5198727A (en) * | 1990-02-20 | 1993-03-30 | General Electric Company | Acoustic resonance operation of xenon-metal halide lamps on unidirectional current |
| US5144201A (en) * | 1990-02-23 | 1992-09-01 | Welch Allyn, Inc. | Low watt metal halide lamp |
| US5220235A (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1993-06-15 | Koito Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Discharge lamp device |
| GB2245417B (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1994-06-08 | Koito Mfg Co Ltd | Discharge lamp device |
| US5107165A (en) * | 1990-11-01 | 1992-04-21 | General Electric Company | Initial light output for metal halide lamp |
| DE4132530A1 (de) * | 1991-09-30 | 1993-04-01 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Hochdruckentladungslampe kleiner leistung |
| JP2761155B2 (ja) * | 1992-07-08 | 1998-06-04 | 株式会社小糸製作所 | 自動車用灯具の光源用放電ランプ装置 |
| EP0641015B1 (en) * | 1993-08-03 | 1997-04-16 | Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha | Cadmium discharge lamp |
| RU2074454C1 (ru) * | 1995-08-01 | 1997-02-27 | Акционерное общество закрытого типа Научно-техническое агентство "Интеллект" | Способ получения оптического излучения и разрядная лампа для его осуществления |
| EP0837492A3 (en) * | 1996-10-16 | 1998-05-27 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | High intensity discharge lamp with intermediate pressure xenon fill gas |
| JP3655126B2 (ja) | 1999-06-14 | 2005-06-02 | 株式会社小糸製作所 | メタルハライドランプ |
| DE10101508A1 (de) * | 2001-01-12 | 2002-08-01 | Philips Corp Intellectual Pty | Hochdruckentladungslampe |
| DE10234758B4 (de) * | 2002-07-30 | 2006-02-16 | Sli Lichtsysteme Gmbh | Metall-Halogendampflampe niedriger Leistung |
| JP4311319B2 (ja) * | 2004-09-22 | 2009-08-12 | ウシオ電機株式会社 | ショートアーク型放電ランプ |
| GB2420220B (en) | 2004-11-10 | 2009-10-14 | Gen Electric | Ceramic metal halide lamps |
| JP2008234953A (ja) * | 2007-03-20 | 2008-10-02 | Iwasaki Electric Co Ltd | 高圧水銀ランプ |
| DE202010004441U1 (de) | 2010-03-31 | 2010-06-24 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Hochdruckentladungslampe für Fahrzeugscheinwerfer |
| WO2020027811A1 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-06 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Selectively melt micron-sized particles using micro-mirrors |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56126244A (en) * | 1980-03-06 | 1981-10-03 | Toshiba Corp | Metal halide lamp |
| JPS59111244A (ja) * | 1982-12-01 | 1984-06-27 | エヌ・ベ−・フイリツプス・フル−イランペンフアブリケン | ガス放電ランプ |
| JPS6070655A (ja) * | 1983-09-26 | 1985-04-22 | Matsushita Electronics Corp | 小形高圧放電灯装置 |
| JPS60123863U (ja) * | 1984-01-25 | 1985-08-21 | 株式会社東芝 | 小形高圧金属蒸気放電灯 |
| JPS60205901A (ja) * | 1984-02-27 | 1985-10-17 | フィリップス エレクトロニクス ネムローゼ フェンノートシャップ | ヘツドライト系 |
| JPS61180105A (ja) * | 1986-02-06 | 1986-08-12 | Kawaguchiko Seimitsu Kk | デジタル測長器におけるスペーサの製造方法 |
| JPS6293851A (ja) * | 1985-10-18 | 1987-04-30 | Toshiba Corp | 車両用前照灯 |
| JPS62259391A (ja) * | 1986-03-28 | 1987-11-11 | エヌ・ベ−・フイリツプス・フル−イランペンフアブリケン | 高圧放電灯作動用回路配置 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1052612A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1964-03-03 | |||
| NL6408081A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1964-07-16 | 1966-01-17 | ||
| US3398312A (en) * | 1965-11-24 | 1968-08-20 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | High pressure vapor discharge lamp having a fill including sodium iodide and a free metal |
| US4023059A (en) * | 1972-06-05 | 1977-05-10 | Scott Anderson | High pressure light emitting electric discharge device |
| US4199701A (en) * | 1978-08-10 | 1980-04-22 | General Electric Company | Fill gas for miniature high pressure metal vapor arc lamp |
| JPS5533724A (en) * | 1978-08-31 | 1980-03-10 | Toshiba Corp | Metal vapor discharge lamp |
| JPS5676157A (en) * | 1979-11-28 | 1981-06-23 | Ushio Inc | Mercury rare gas discharge lamp |
| JPS5691368A (en) * | 1979-12-24 | 1981-07-24 | Toshiba Corp | Metal halide lamp |
| JPS56143650A (en) * | 1980-04-08 | 1981-11-09 | Toshiba Corp | Metal halide lamp |
| JPS59180949A (ja) * | 1983-03-30 | 1984-10-15 | Toshiba Corp | 金属蒸気放電灯 |
| US4574219A (en) * | 1984-05-25 | 1986-03-04 | General Electric Company | Lighting unit |
| US4612475A (en) * | 1984-10-09 | 1986-09-16 | General Electric Company | Increased efficacy arc tube for a high intensity discharge lamp |
| DE3506295A1 (de) * | 1985-02-22 | 1986-08-28 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH, 8000 München | Kompakte hochdruckentladungslampe |
| US4754373A (en) * | 1986-10-14 | 1988-06-28 | General Electric Company | Automotive headlamp |
-
1989
- 1989-02-02 CA CA000589943A patent/CA1301238C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-02-09 FR FR8901671A patent/FR2627627B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-02-17 NL NL8900395A patent/NL193231C/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-02-17 JP JP1036459A patent/JPH027347A/ja active Granted
- 1989-02-17 DE DE3904926A patent/DE3904926C2/de not_active Revoked
- 1989-02-20 GB GB8903809A patent/GB2216334B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-11-09 JP JP27413094A patent/JP3213181B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56126244A (en) * | 1980-03-06 | 1981-10-03 | Toshiba Corp | Metal halide lamp |
| JPS59111244A (ja) * | 1982-12-01 | 1984-06-27 | エヌ・ベ−・フイリツプス・フル−イランペンフアブリケン | ガス放電ランプ |
| JPS6070655A (ja) * | 1983-09-26 | 1985-04-22 | Matsushita Electronics Corp | 小形高圧放電灯装置 |
| JPS60123863U (ja) * | 1984-01-25 | 1985-08-21 | 株式会社東芝 | 小形高圧金属蒸気放電灯 |
| JPS60205901A (ja) * | 1984-02-27 | 1985-10-17 | フィリップス エレクトロニクス ネムローゼ フェンノートシャップ | ヘツドライト系 |
| JPS6293851A (ja) * | 1985-10-18 | 1987-04-30 | Toshiba Corp | 車両用前照灯 |
| JPS61180105A (ja) * | 1986-02-06 | 1986-08-12 | Kawaguchiko Seimitsu Kk | デジタル測長器におけるスペーサの製造方法 |
| JPS62259391A (ja) * | 1986-03-28 | 1987-11-11 | エヌ・ベ−・フイリツプス・フル−イランペンフアブリケン | 高圧放電灯作動用回路配置 |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05266862A (ja) * | 1992-03-17 | 1993-10-15 | Koito Mfg Co Ltd | 放電ランプ装置用アークチューブ |
| US6873109B2 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 2005-03-29 | Harison Toshiba Lighting Corporation | Metal halide discharge lamp, lighting device for metal halide discharge lamp, and illuminating apparatus using metal halide discharge lamp |
| US7057349B2 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 2006-06-06 | Harison Toshiba Lighting Corporation | Lightening device for metal halide discharge lamp |
| WO2000016360A1 (en) * | 1998-09-16 | 2000-03-23 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.,Ltd | Anhydrous silver halide lamp |
| KR100824336B1 (ko) * | 2001-08-27 | 2008-04-22 | 스탠리 일렉트릭 컴퍼니, 리미티드 | 메탈 할라이드 램프 |
| US7242144B2 (en) | 2001-09-27 | 2007-07-10 | Harison Toshiba Lighting Corp. | High-pressure discharge lamp, high-pressure discharge lamp lighting device and automotive headlamp apparatus |
| JP2005527089A (ja) * | 2002-05-24 | 2005-09-08 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | 高圧ガス放電ランプ |
| JP2010501984A (ja) * | 2006-08-24 | 2010-01-21 | ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ | 効率および寿命が改善された、高発色大型パーライト |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL193231C (nl) | 1999-03-03 |
| FR2627627A1 (fr) | 1989-08-25 |
| JP3213181B2 (ja) | 2001-10-02 |
| FR2627627B1 (fr) | 1994-05-27 |
| GB8903809D0 (en) | 1989-04-05 |
| JPH07169441A (ja) | 1995-07-04 |
| DE3904926A1 (de) | 1989-08-31 |
| CA1301238C (en) | 1992-05-19 |
| JPH0550097B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1993-07-28 |
| GB2216334A (en) | 1989-10-04 |
| DE3904926C2 (de) | 1995-03-09 |
| NL8900395A (nl) | 1989-09-18 |
| GB2216334B (en) | 1992-09-23 |
| NL193231B (nl) | 1998-11-02 |
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