JP7493449B2 - ステアリン酸マグネシウムを含む乾燥粉末組成物 - Google Patents
ステアリン酸マグネシウムを含む乾燥粉末組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
この出願の発明に関連する先行技術文献情報としては、以下のものがある(国際出願日以降国際段階で引用された文献及び他国に国内移行した際に引用された文献を含む)。
(先行技術文献)
(特許文献)
(特許文献1) 国際公開第2015/127315号
(特許文献2) 米国特許出願公開第2012/0308613号明細書
(特許文献3) 国際公開第2009/019598号
(特許文献4) 中国特許出願公開第105833399号明細書
(特許文献5) 国際公開第2016/019253号
約0.5μm~約10μm、約0.5μm~約3μm、約2μm~約3μm、または約3μm以下の空気力学的質量中位径(MMAD)、
約40%~約90%、約40%~約80%、約40%~約70%、約40%~約60%、約40%~約50%、約30%~約40%、約20%~約30%、約30%~約50%、または約30%~約60%の微粒子画分(FPF)%、
約2.5μm以下の幾何標準偏差(GSD)、および、
約75%以上の放出用量(ED)
からなる群から選択される1つ以上の特性を有することがある。
心筋梗塞、深部静脈血栓症、肺塞栓症、血栓性脳卒中などの血栓塞栓イベントは、患者または臨床医が、そのイベントに対する最初の療法または治療を、すなわち、血栓塞栓性イベントの開始から直ちに、または1、5、10または15分以内に提供することを可能にする一群の症状を呈し得る。特定の状況において、81mg、低用量、または「乳児用」のアセチルサリチル酸または通常のアセチルサリチル酸(330mg)を経口投与して、患者に初期治療を提供することができる。しかしながら、経口投与は、十分な治療効果を提供するのに必要なほど迅速に作用しない可能性があり、したがって、あまり好ましくない結果をもたらす可能性がある。したがって、肺薬物送達システムおよび関連する方法または本発明は、血栓塞栓性イベントのリスクを低減するための、および/または血栓塞栓性イベントの治療を提供するための、加速されたより効率的な経路および治療を提供する。例えば、特定の実施形態は、乾燥粉末吸入器(DPI)または定量吸入器(MDI)などの吸入によって非ステロイド性抗炎症薬(NSAID)を投与するシステムおよび方法を提供する。
緊急事態の初期段階での吸入による薬物の送達は、特定の病状の予備的治療の迅速かつ効果的な形態を提供することができる。例えば、一実施形態では、深刻な血栓塞栓性イベントの症状の愁訴を受け取ると、治療量のNSAIDをDPIによって患者に投与することができる。NSAIDは、健康状態に関連する問題に対処したり、病状の初期治療を提供したりすることができる。
本明細書に開示される乾燥粒子または乾燥粉末組成物は、吸入による対象における気道への送達(例えば、肺送達)に適している。乾燥粒子は、約20μm未満、約15μm未満、約10μm未満、約5μm未満、約1μm~約10μm、約1μm~約5μm、約1μm~約3μm、約2μm~約3μm、約1.7μm~約2.7μmまたは以下の空気力学的質量中位径(MMAD)を有し得る。
アセチルサリチル酸などのNSAIDは、様々な有益な効果をもたらし、心血管疾患(血栓症など)のリスクを軽減するのに役立つ。しかしながら、臨床現場におけるアセチルサリチル酸などのNSAIDの使用は、伝統的に経口投与に限定されてきた。例えば、アセチルサリチル酸の経口投与は、腸および肝臓における初回通過効果により、経口投与量の約2/3の喪失または不活化をもたらす可能性がある。投与量の3分の1が全身の血流に到達し、望ましい効果が得られるが、全投与量によって生じる負の副作用により、患者がアセチルサリチル酸を定期的または毎日使用するのを妨げることがよくある。
本明細書に開示される乾燥粒子および乾燥粉末組成物は、分散性である。乾燥粒子のサイズは、微粒子画分(FPF)、体積中央幾何学的直径(VMGD)、空気力学的質量中位径(MMAD)、幾何標準偏差(GSD)、および放出用量(ED)など、当技術分野で従来からある様々な方法で表現できる。
乾燥粉末吸入技術において、患者は、乾燥粉末吸入器を使用して、NSAIDなどの薬物の粉末製剤を吸入することができる。この用量は、患者の血栓塞栓性イベントのリスクを減らすのに効果的である。
本明細書に開示される乾燥粒子および乾燥粉末組成物は、任意の適切な方法を使用して調製され得る。乾燥粉末および粒子を調製するための多くの適切な方法は、当技術分野において従来通りであり、単一および二重乳化溶媒蒸発、噴霧乾燥、粉砕(例えば、ジェット粉砕)、混合、溶媒抽出、溶媒蒸発、相分離、単純および複雑なコアセルベーション、界面重合、超臨界二酸化炭素(CO2)の使用を含む適切な方法、共微粉化、および他の適切な方法を含む。乾燥粒子は、当技術分野で既知のマイクロスフェアまたはマイクロカプセルを作製する方法を使用して作製することができる。これらの方法は、本明細書に開示されるような所望の空気力学的特性(例えば、空気力学的直径および幾何学的直径)および予期しない安定性を有する乾燥粒子の形成をもたらす条件下で使用され得る。必要に応じて、ふるいなどの適切な方法を使用して、サイズや密度などの望ましい特性を持つ乾燥粒子を選択できる。
本明細書に開示されるAPI/MgST乾燥粉末組成物は、共微粉化によって調製することができる。適切な共微粉化技術は、例えば、StankおよびStechelによる、"Physico-chemical characterization of surface modified particles for inhalation," International Jounal of Pharmaceutics, 2013, 448:9-18に記載され、その全体は参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本明細書に開示されるAPI/MgST乾燥粉末組成物は、例えば、ラクトース、糖、またはポリマーなどの別の医薬賦形剤によってカプセル化することができる。特定の実施形態において、他の医薬賦形剤は疎水性である。特定の実施形態では、他の医薬賦形剤は、約10~約30個の炭素、または約19~約30個の炭素を有する脂肪酸である。
他の態様では、本技術は、それを必要とする被験者の気道に有効量の、本明細書に記載された乾燥粒子または乾燥粉末組成物を投与することを含む、心血管疾患(血栓症など)の治療(予防的治療またはリスクの低減を含む)のための方法である。特定の実施形態では、本明細書に開示される乾燥粒子または乾燥粉末組成物は、本明細書に開示されるDPIまたはMDIによって送達される。特定の実施形態において、本明細書に開示される乾燥粒子または乾燥粉末組成物は、本明細書に開示されるDPIまたはMDIおよび本明細書に開示される乾燥粒子または乾燥粉末組成物を含む乾燥送達システムを作動させることにより送達される。
実施例1
共微粉化ASA/MgST乾燥粉末組成物の調製
ASAとMgSTはそれぞれ個別に溶液に溶解した。ASAとMgSTが混合され、エアジェットマイクロナイザーによって共微粉化された。実施例2~4に記載されるように、微粉化粉末を24時間静置し、さらなる分析のために包装した。
ASAは、実施例1に従って調製された様々な濃度のMgSTを含む共微粉化ASA組成物において予想外に安定したままであった。
MgST濃度が10.00%、5.00%、1.00%、0.50%、0.25%、0.10%、0.05%、および0.01%の共微粉化ASA組成物を、実施例1に記載の共微粉化方法に従って調製し、様々な状態で最大12ヶ月間保存した。次に、共微粉化されたASA/MgST組成物を、Phenomenex C18カラム(250X4.6mm、5μm)を使用して、25℃、1.0mL/分の流速、10μLの注入量でHPLCにより分析した。検出には237nmのUVを使用した。移動相/希釈剤は、2mLのリン酸を400mLのアセトニトリルと600の水の混合液に加えることで調製した。サンプルをアセトニトリルに溶解し、標準で較正して、次の式1によってサンプル中のASAのアッセイ%(w/w)を提供した。
式1
ここにおいて、Std=標準、Samp=サンプル、Vol=体積(mL)、純度=参照標準物質の純度(%)である。
ASAは、実施例1に従って調製した様々な濃度のMgSTを含む共微粉化ASA組成物で、20℃/40%RH、30℃/60%RH、40℃/75%RHで8週間、予想外に安定したままであった。
MgST濃度が0.50の共微粉化ASA組成物は、実施例1に記載の共微粉化方法に従って、12PPH下で調製し、20℃/40%RH、30℃/60%RH、および40℃/75%RHで最大8週間保存した。次に、共微粉化されたASA/MgST組成物を、25℃、1.0mL/分の流量、20μLの注入量で、ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18カラム(3mmX100mm、3.5μm)を使用するHPLCで分析し、オートサンプラーの温度は5℃であった。275nmのUVを検出に使用した。移動相/希釈剤は水:メタノール:TFA=72:28:0.2(v/v)であった。サンプルを移動相/希釈液に溶解し、標準で校正して、実施例2の式1を使用してサンプル中のASAのアッセイ%(w/w)を提供した。
ASA/MgST乾燥粉末組成物の空気力学的粒度分布と粒度分布安定性。
A)50℃/75%RHで実施例1に記載されるように調製された様々なMgST濃度を有するASA/MgST乾燥粉末組成物の空気力学的粒度分布安定性。
実施例1に記載されるように調製されたASA/MgST乾燥粉末組成物の空気力学的直径は、Next Generation Impactor(NGI)によって特徴付けられ得る。NGIは7つのステージで構成され、30、60、および100LPMの流量で校正できる。NGIのステージはすべて1つの平面にあった。収集カップを使用して、NGIの各ステージの下の粒子を収集した。参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる米国特許第8,614,255号を参照されたい。
ASA/MgST組成物の粒度分布は、Wet Dispersion Unit(Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK)とともに、Spraytecを使用して湿式分散によって測定された(表3C)。MieおよびFraunhofer散乱が分析された。データは、高速モードでは10kHz、連続モードでは1Hzで取得され、最大測定時間は、高速モードで30秒、連続モードで60分であった。内部測定トリガーは、透過または光散乱レベルに基づき、また、外部測定トリガーは、TTL入力または単純なスイッチトリガーに基づいていた。光源は632.8nmの最大4mW He-Neレーザーであった。レンズ配置はフーリエ(平行ビーム)で、レンズの焦点距離は300mmと750mmであった。測定範囲は、0.5μmで150mmであり、5μmを超えると1mを超えた。300mmレンズはサイズ0.1-900μm(DV50:0.5-600μm)用で、750mmレンズはサイズ2-2,000μm(DV50:5-1600μm)用であった。ソフトウェアSOPは、湿式測定用であり、300mmレンズ、時限測定/1秒、サンプリング周期/15秒であった。バックグラウンドの測定には15秒かかった。ASAの屈折率は1.57±0.10、密度は1.00、シクロヘキサンの屈折率は1.43、検出器範囲は1~最後、および、散乱閾値は1であった。スターラー/ポンプは3,000rpmであり、オブスキュレーションは5~15%であり、内部超音波処理時間は1分であった。約100mLの分散剤を3,000rpmのポンプで循環させて追加した。閉じ込められた空気がシステムから上昇するのを可能にするために、装置は短時間オフにされた。光エネルギーは100未満で、レーザー強度は70~95%であった。サンプル(約10.0±1mgの粉末)を1分間の内部超音波処理により約4mLのシクロヘキサンに分散させた。次に、測定のオブスキュレーションレベルが5~15%になるまで、サンプルをシステムに追加した。
実施例1に記載されているように調製されたASA/MgST乾燥粉末組成物の空気力学的粒度分布(APSD)
様々なMgST濃度のASA/MgST乾燥粉末濃度のAPSDは、Next Generation Impactor(NGI)によって特徴付けられた。NGIは7つのステージで構成され、30、60、および100LPMの流量で校正できる。NGIのステージはすべて1つの平面にあった。収集カップを使用して、NGIの各ステージの下の粒子を収集した。参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる米国特許第8,614,255号を参照されたい。結果は、各ASA/MgSt乾燥粉末組成物に対するNGI測定の3回の実行から平均で示された(実施例1に記載されるように調製された乾燥粉末組成物の第1のバッチのNGI結果を示す図4Aおよび4Bならびに表5A~5B、および、実施例1に記載されるように調製された乾燥粉末組成物の第2のバッチのNGI結果を示す図4Cおよび4Dならびに表5Cおよび5D)。
ASA/MgST乾燥粉末組成物の凝集特性
すべてのDPIシステムの製剤パフォーマンスは、粒子の凝集性/接着性表面界面特性によって制御される。DPIシステムに存在する粒子は10μm未満であるため、それらの凝集/接着特性を支配する力は、ファンデルワールス力、静電力、および毛管力である。DPIシステムからエアロゾルを生成するために、装置は凝集/接着力を克服するのに役立つ必要がある。したがって、装置が患者の吸入時にエアロゾルを生成できるように、粉末の特性を調整する必要がある。
アスピリン85%/ロイシン15%配合(36)>アスピリン95%/ロイシン5%配合(46)>微粉化ASA>0.5%ステアリン酸マグネシウムと共微粉化したASA。
ASA/MgST乾燥粉末組成の薬物動態研究
イヌへの単回吸入投与後のASA/MgST乾燥粉末組成物の薬物動態プロファイルを測定し、同じイヌへの単回経口投与後の市販のアセチルサリチル酸錠剤(アスピリン(登録商標))と比較した。
1日目:投与前、10分曝露直後(IPE±2分)、20、30、40分、曝露開始から1、2、4、6、および24時間
8日目:投与前、投与後10、20、30、40分、1、2、4、6および24時間
Claims (11)
- ステアリン酸マグネシウムと共微粉化された、アセチルサリチル酸又はその薬学的に許容される塩を含有する乾燥粒子であって、20μm未満の空気力学的質量中位径(MMAD)を有する乾燥粒子を含有し、担体粒子を含まない乾燥粉末組成物であって、前記乾燥粉末組成物の10%(w/w)以下の量のステアリン酸マグネシウムと、アセチルサリチル酸又はその薬学的に許容される塩とを含有する、吸入投与用の乾燥粉末組成物。
- 請求項1記載の乾燥粉末組成物において、前記ステアリン酸マグネシウムは、前記乾燥粉末組成物の約0.04%(w/w)~約0.06%(w/w)、または約0.4%(w/w)~約0.6%(w/w)の範囲の量であり、前記アセチルサリチル酸またはその薬学的に許容される塩は、前記乾燥粉末組成物の約50%(w/w)以上の量である、乾燥粉末組成物。
- 請求項1または2記載の乾燥粉末組成物において、前記ステアリン酸マグネシウムが前記乾燥粉末組成物の約0.05%(w/w)または約0.5%(w/w)の量である、乾燥粉末組成物。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の乾燥粉末組成物において、前記乾燥粒子は、約1μm~約5μmの範囲内のMMADを有する、乾燥粉末組成物。
- 請求項4記載の乾燥粉末組成物において、前記乾燥粒子は、約2μm~約3μmの範囲内のMMADを有する、乾燥粉末組成物。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の乾燥粉末組成物において、前記アセチルサリチル酸またはその薬学的に許容される塩は、前記乾燥粉末組成物の約90%(w/w)以上の量である、乾燥粉末組成物。
- 乾燥粉末吸入器と請求項1記載の乾燥粉末組成物とを含む、薬剤送達システム。
- 血栓性イベントのリスクを低減するか、または血栓症を治療するための、請求項7記載の薬物送達システム。
- クロピドグレルをさらに有する、請求項7または8に記載の薬物送達システム。
- 請求項7~9のいずれか1項に記載の薬物送達システムにおいて、前記乾燥粉末吸入器は、
1つ以上の空気入口115および1つ以上の空気出口120を有するチャンバ110を画定するハウジング105と、
前記乾燥粉末組成物を含むカプセル125を受容するようなサイズである前記チャンバ110と、
カプセル125に1つ以上の開口部130を作成するためのハウジング105内の穿刺機構250と、
前記空気入口115のすべてではないが少なくとも2つの空気入口115を覆う任意のシールド170であって、前記任意のシールド170は、1つまたは2つ以上の被覆部分175を有し、各被覆部分175は少なくとも1つの入口115を覆うものであり、これにより任意のシールド170は、使用者が装置を握ることによる少なくとも2つの空気入口115の閉塞を防止する、任意のシールド170と、および、
ハウジング105に関連する端部140であって、前記乾燥粉末組成物をエアロゾル化し、前記カプセル125から出てエアロゾル化された乾燥粉末組成物を吸入するための前記端部140を通して使用者が吸入できるように、前記端部140は、前記使用者の口または鼻に受け入れるようなサイズおよび形状である、端部140と
を有するものである、薬物送達システム。 - 血栓性イベントの治療またはリスクの低減に使用するための請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の乾燥粉末組成物であって、前記血栓性イベントは、心筋梗塞、一過性の虚血性イベント、または、脳卒中を有する、乾燥粉末組成物。
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