JP7490736B2 - cMETモノクローナル結合剤の薬物複合体とその使用 - Google Patents
cMETモノクローナル結合剤の薬物複合体とその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7490736B2 JP7490736B2 JP2022181013A JP2022181013A JP7490736B2 JP 7490736 B2 JP7490736 B2 JP 7490736B2 JP 2022181013 A JP2022181013 A JP 2022181013A JP 2022181013 A JP2022181013 A JP 2022181013A JP 7490736 B2 JP7490736 B2 JP 7490736B2
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Description
Z1およびZ2は両方ともNであり;
Z3およびZ4は両方ともCであり;
R3およびR4のそれぞれは独立してHまたはC1-4アルコキシルであり;および
R1およびR2のそれぞれは独立してH、C1-5アルキル、C3-6シクロアルキル、C2-5アルケニルおよびR5で置換されていてもよいフェニルからなる群より選択され、
R5は、-NH2、-NHR6および構造:
R6は連結基を含み、および
R7はHまたはC1-5アルキルであり;
X1はヌルであるか、保護基であるか、または連結基を含み;
X2はヌルであるか、保護基であるか、または連結基を含み;
X1、X2、R1およびR2の1つだけが連結基を含み;および
Y1およびY2のそれぞれが独立してヌル、OHまたはSO3Hのいずれかであり;
ただし、
構造を含む。
の構造を含む。
化学式IIIは構造:
化学式Vは構造:
化学式VIは構造:
化学式VIは構造:
METは本明細書で用語「cMET」と同義に用いる。cMETは肝細胞増殖因子受容体(HGFR)としても知られている。ヒトcMET(たとえば配列番号109)は、1390アミノ酸の非成熟ポリペプチド配列を含み、N末端からC末端に数えてアミノ酸1~24のN末端単一配列、アミノ酸約24~932のヒトcMETの細胞外ドメイン、アミノ酸約933~955の膜貫通ドメイン、およびアミノ酸約956~1390の細胞質ドメインを含む。cMET受容体のリーダー配列、細胞外ドメイン、膜貫通ドメイン、および細胞質ドメインを同定する方法は知られており、好適な哺乳類種に由来するcMETポリペプチド配列内のそのようなドメインまたは領域を同定するために任意の好適な方法を用いることができる。ヒトcMETポリペプチドはいくつかの既知の変異体を含み得る(たとえば2016年5月5日にアクセスしたURL:http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P08581を参照。そこに開示されたcMET変異体および代替の配列は参照により本明細書に組み込まれる)。ヒトcMETの天然産生変異体の非限定的な例には、ヒトcMET(配列番号109)の143、150、156、168、238、316、320、375、385、773、970、991、および/または992におけるアミノ酸置換が含まれる。いくつかの実施形態では、cMETまたはcMETの細胞外ドメインは本明細書ではE168Dと称するヒトcMETの168位のEからDへの置換を含む。いくつかの実施形態ではcMETまたはcMETの細胞外ドメインは本明細書ではN375Sと称するヒトcMETの375位のNからSへの置換を含む。
ある実施形態では、結合剤はcMETまたはその部分に特異的に結合する1つもしくは複数のポリペプチドまたは1つもしくは複数のタンパク質を含むかまたはからなる。いくつかの実施形態では、結合剤はcMETまたはその部分に特異的に結合する1つもしくは複数のタンパク質を含むかまたはからなる。結合剤は少なくとも1つの抗原結合部分(即ち結合部分)を含むことが多い。結合剤の抗原結合部分は抗原に特異的に結合する部分である。ある実施形態では、結合剤の結合部分は単一のポリペプチド(たとえば一本鎖抗体)を含むかまたはからなる。いくつかの実施形態では、結合剤の結合部分は2つのポリペプチドを含むかまたはからなる。いくつかの実施形態では、結合剤の結合部分は2つ、3つ、4つまたはそれ以上のポリペプチドを含むかまたはからなる。いくつかの実施形態では、結合剤は1つまたは複数の構造部分(たとえばスカフォールド、構造ポリペプチド、定常領域および/またはフレームワーク領域)を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、結合剤またはその結合部分は基材(たとえばポリマー、非有機材料、シリコン、ビーズ、その他)に取着されている。
PBD毒素
ある実施形態では、結合剤-薬物複合体は本明細書に記載した結合剤(たとえばcMETに特異的に結合する結合剤)およびペイロード(たとえば細胞障害性ペイロード)を含む。結合剤-薬物複合体は結合剤に共有結合で連結されていることが多い。いくつかの実施形態では、ペイロードはピロロベンゾジアゼピン(PBD)毒素を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、ペイロードは連結基または好適なリンカーを含む。いくつかの実施形態では、ペイロードはピロロベンゾジアゼピン(PBD)毒素および連結基を含む。ある実施形態では、ペイロードはピロロベンゾジアゼピン(PBD)毒素および連結基を含み、ピロロベンゾジアゼピンは連結基に共有結合で連結され、連結基は本明細書に記載した結合剤に共有結合で連結されている。
R6は連結基を含み、およびR7はヌルまたはC1-5アルキルであり;X1はヌルであるか、保護基であるか、または連結基を含み;X2はヌルであるか、保護基であるか、または連結基を含み;X1、X2、R1およびR2の1つだけが連結基を含み;およびY1およびY2のそれぞれが独立してヌル、OHまたはSO3Hのいずれかであり;ただし、
R6は連結基を含み、およびR7はヌルまたはC1-5アルキルである。ある実施形態では、R1およびR2は異なり、かつ(i)C3-C6シクロアルキルおよび(ii)R5で置換されていてもよいフェニルから独立して選択され、R5は-NH2および-NHR6から選択され、R6は連結基を含む。ある実施形態では、R1およびR2は異なり、かつ(i)C3シクロアルキルおよび(ii)-NH2または-NHR6で置換されたフェニルから独立して選択され、R6は連結基を含む。ある実施形態では、R1およびR2は異なり、かつ(i)R5で置換されていてよいフェニル(ここで、R5は-NH2および-NHR6であり、R6は連結基を含む)および(ii)構造を有するR7で置換されたピペラジニル(ここで、R7はヌルまたはC1-C2アルキルである)から独立して選択される。ある実施形態では、R1およびR2は異なり、かつ(i)R5で置換されたフェニル(ここで、R5は-NH2および-NHR6であり、R6は連結基を含む)および(ii)構造
を有するR7で置換されたピペラジニルから独立して選択される。ある実施形態では、R2は4-メチルピペラジン-1-イルで置換されたフェニルである。
いくつかの実施形態では、ペイロードは、結合剤とPBD毒素との間の連結を部分的に促進する連結基を含む。ある実施形態では、任意の好適な連結基はPBD毒素を結合剤に連結するために用いることができる。連結基および連結基を作製する方法の非限定的な例は、国際公開第2015/052322号、米国特許出願公開第2015/0158869号、米国特許出願公開第2015/0344482号、米国特許出願公開第2014/0127239号、米国特許出願公開第2017/0002096号、米国特許出願公開第2016/0331842号、米国特許出願公開第2015/0250896号、米国特許出願公開第2017/0080103号、米国特許出願公開第2016/0136300号、米国特許出願公開第2017/0152274号、米国特許出願公開第2015/0209444号、米国特許出願公開第2013/0274091号、米国特許出願公開第2017/0095570号、米国特許出願公開第2017/0157264および米国特許出願公開第2015/0125474号(これらは参照によりその全体が本明細書中に組込まれる)に記載されている。いくつかの実施形態では、連結基はC1~C20アルキル、C1~C20アルケニル、C1~C20アルコキシル、1つまたは複数のアミノ酸もしくはアミノ酸誘導体、1個~20個のアミノ酸を含むペプチド、フェニル基、好適なポリマー(たとえばポリエチレングリコール)またはそれらの組合せを含む。
いくつかの実施形態では、PBD毒素は好適な保護基を含む。保護基および保護基を作製する方法の非限定的な例は、以下の特許出願公開公報:米国特許出願公開第2011/0256157号、国際公開第2015/052322号、米国特許出願公開第2011/0201803号、米国特許出願公開第2008/0167293号、米国特許出願公開第2014/0127239号、米国特許出願公開第2015/0158869号、米国特許出願公開第2015/0344482号、米国特許出願公開第2015/0315196号、米国特許出願公開第2015/0315196号、米国特許出願公開第2014/0302066号、米国特許出願公開第2006/0264622号および米国特許出願公開第2015/0133435号(これらの全内容は参照によりその全体が本明細書に組込まれる)に記載されている。
いくつかの実施形態では、組成物または医薬組成物は本明細書に記載した結合剤-薬物複合体を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、医薬組成物は、結合剤-薬物複合体および薬学的に許容される賦形剤、希釈剤、添加剤またはキャリアを含む。
いくつかの実施形態では、対象のがんまたは腫瘍性障害の処置用の医薬として使用するための組成物または医薬組成物が本明細書に提示され、組成物または医薬組成部は本明細書に記載した結合剤-薬物複合体を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、がんまたは腫瘍性障害の処置に使用するための本明細書に記載した結合剤-薬物複合体を含む組成物または医薬組成物が本明細書に提示される。
いくつかの実施形態では、本明細書に記載した組成物、医薬組成物または結合剤-薬物複合体は、腫瘍性障害またはがんを有するか、有する疑いのある対象を処置するために用いられる。ある実施形態では、本明細書に記載した結合剤-薬物複合体または医薬組成物は対象における腫瘍性障害またはがんの処置において用いられ、結合剤-薬物複合体はヒトcMETの細胞外ドメインに特異的に結合する。いくつかの実施形態では、腫瘍性障害またはがんを有するか、有する疑いのある対象を処置する方法が本明細書に提示される。ある実施形態では、腫瘍性障害またはがんを有するか、有する疑いのある対象を処置する方法は、治療有効量の本明細書に記載した組成物、医薬組成物または結合剤を対象に投与することを含む。ある実施形態では、方法は対象の細胞(たとえば1つまたは複数の細胞)を治療有効量の本明細書に記載した組成物、医薬組成物または結合剤-薬物複合体と接触させることを含む。ある実施形態では、方法は対象のがん細胞または腫瘍性細胞を治療有効量の本明細書に記載した組成物、医薬組成物または結合剤-薬物複合体と接触させることを含む。ある実施形態では、方法は対象の細胞(たとえば1つまたは複数の細胞)をヒトcMETの細胞外ドメインまたはその変異体に特異的に結合する治療有効量の結合剤-薬物複合体と接触させることを含む。ある実施形態では、方法はがん細胞または腫瘍性細胞をヒトcMETの細胞外ドメインまたはその変異体に特異的に結合する治療有効量の結合剤-薬物複合体と接触させることを含み、細胞はその細胞表面上にcMETを発現する。対象の細胞はcMETの細胞外部分を発現する細胞であることが多い。結合剤-薬物複合体と接触される細胞は対象の内部(たとえばインビボ)で見出されてもよく、対象の外部(たとえばインビトロまたはエクスビボ(ex vivo))で見出されてもよい。
「対象」という用語は哺乳類を意味する。任意の好適な哺乳類を本明細書に記載した方法または組成物によって処置することができる。哺乳類の非限定的な例には、ヒト、非ヒト霊長類(たとえば類人猿、テナガザル、チンパンジー、オランウータン、サル、マカク、その他)、家庭内動物(たとえばイヌ、ネコ)、家畜(たとえばウマ、ウシ、ヤギ、ヒツジ、ブタ)および実験動物(たとえばマウス、ラット、ウサギ、モルモット)が含まれる。いくつかの実施形態では、哺乳類はヒトである。哺乳類は任意の年齢または任意の成長段階であってよい(たとえば成体、十代、子供、新生児、または子宮内の哺乳類)。哺乳類は雌雄いずれでもよい。哺乳類は妊娠した雌であってよい。
本明細書に開示した組成物、医薬組成物または結合剤-薬物複合体は、腫瘍性障害またはがんを処置するために用いることができ、その非限定的な例には、癌腫、肉腫、神経腫瘍症、リンパ腫、骨髄腫、白血病、黒色腫、中皮腫、固形もしくは軟組織腫瘍および二次がん(例えば、原発部位から派生したがん)が含まれる。癌腫の非限定的な例には、呼吸器系がん、消化器系がん、泌尿生殖器系がん、精巣がん、前立腺がん、内分泌系がん、皮膚の基底細胞がん、原発不明のがん、胆管癌、非浸潤性乳管癌(DCIS)、メルケル細胞がん、肺がん、胸腺がんおよび胸腺がん、正中線癌、肺小細胞がん、甲状腺がん、肝細胞がん、扁平上皮がん、頭頸部扁平上皮がん、乳がん、上皮がん、副腎皮質がん、卵巣表面上皮がん、その他が含まれ、さらに子宮、子宮頸部、結腸、膵臓、腎臓、食道、胃および卵巣の癌腫が含まれる。肉腫の非限定的な例には、ユーイング肉腫、リンパ肉腫、脂肪肉腫、骨肉腫、乳肉腫、軟組織肉腫、カポジ肉腫、横紋筋肉腫、子宮肉腫、軟骨肉腫、平滑筋肉腫、線維肉腫、その他が含まれる。神経腫瘍症の非限定的な例には、神経膠腫、膠芽細胞腫、髄膜腫、神経芽腫、網膜芽細胞腫、星状細胞腫、乏突起神経膠腫、その他が含まれる。リンパ腫、骨髄腫および白血病の非限定的な例には、急性および慢性リンパ芽球性白血病、骨髄芽球性白血病、多発性骨髄腫、低分化型急性白血病(例:赤芽球性白血病および急性巨核芽球性白血病)、急性前骨髄性白血病(APML)、急性骨髄性白血病(AML)、慢性骨髄性白血病(CML)、B系統ALLおよびT系統ALLを含む急性リンパ芽球性白血病(ALL)、慢性リンパ性白血病(CLL)、前リンパ球性白血病(PLL)、有毛細胞白血病(HLL)、ウォルデンストロームマクログロブリン血症(WM)、非ホジキンリンパ腫およびそのバリアント、末梢T細胞リンパ腫、成人T細胞白血病/リンパ腫(ATL)、皮膚T細胞リンパ腫(CTCL)、大顆粒リンパ球性白血病(LGF)、ホジキン病、リードシュテルンベルク病が含まれる。軟組織腫瘍または固形組織腫瘍の非限定的な例には、内臓腫瘍、セミノーマ、肝細胞癌、ならびに乳房、肝臓、肺、膵臓、子宮、卵巣、睾丸、頭、首、目、脳、口、咽頭、声帯、耳、鼻、食道、胃、腸、結腸、副腎、腎臓、骨、膀胱、尿道、癌腫、肺、筋肉、皮膚、足、手、および軟組織の他の腫瘍が含まれる。いくつかの実施形態では、本明細書に開示した医薬組成物または結合剤-薬物複合体により処置され得る腫瘍性障害またはがんは、膀胱がん、乳がん、結腸直腸がん、子宮頸がん、胃がん、肝臓がん、肝細胞がん、下咽頭がん、肺がん、腺がん、卵巣がんおよび腎臓がんから選択される。いくつかの実施形態では、本明細書に開示した医薬組成物または結合剤-薬物複合体によって処置され得る腫瘍性障害またはがんは、膵臓がん(たとえば膵臓腺がん、外分泌膵臓がんまたは膵神経内分泌がん)、結腸直腸がん(たとえば結腸直腸腺がん)、小腸悪性腫瘍、胆管がん、非小細胞肺がん(NSCLC)、甲状腺がん、食道もしくは食道胃接合部(EGJ)がん、胃腺がん、肝臓肝細胞がん、頭頸部扁平上皮がん、女性生殖管悪性腫瘍、乳がん、肺小細胞がん、卵巣表面上皮がん、後腹膜もしくは腹膜肉腫、前立腺腺がん、神経内分泌腫瘍、消化管間質腫瘍、神経膠芽腫または非上皮性卵巣がんから選択される。いくつかの実施形態では、本明細書に開示した医薬組成物または結合剤-薬物複合体によって処置され得る腫瘍性障害またはがんは、乳がんであり、その非限定的な例には、非浸潤性乳管がん(DCIS)、浸潤性乳管がん(IDC)(たとえば乳房の管状がん、乳房の髄様がん、乳房の粘液性がん、乳房の乳頭がんおよび乳房の篩状がん)、浸潤性小葉がん(ILC)、炎症性乳がん、非浸潤性小葉がん(LCIS)、男性の乳がん、乳がんの分子サブタイプ(管腔B乳がんもしくはホルモン受容体陽性乳がん、トリプルネガティブ乳がん、HER2に富んだ乳がんおよび正常様乳がん)、乳頭のパジェット病、乳房の葉状腫瘍、および転移性乳がんが含まれる。いくつかの実施形態では、本明細書に開示した医薬組成物または結合剤-薬物複合体によって処置され得る腫瘍性障害またはがんはトリプルネガティブ乳がんである。
組成物、医薬組成物または結合剤-薬物複合体を対象に投与する任意の好適な方法を用いることができる。本明細書に記載した本発明の方法による使用のための組成物の正確な製剤処方および投与経路は、患者の病状を考慮して医療従事者(たとえば医師)によって選択することができる(たとえば参照により全体として本明細書に組み込まれるFingl et al. 1975、「The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics」を参照)。本明細書に記載した医薬組成物または結合剤-薬物複合体の投与のため、任意の好適な投与経路を用いることができる。投与経路の非限定的な例には、局所または局部(たとえば経皮または皮膚(たとえば皮膚上もしくは表皮)、眼中または眼上、鼻内、経粘膜、耳中、耳の内側(たとえば鼓膜の後ろ))、腸内(たとえば胃腸管を経由する送達、たとえば経口(たとえば錠剤、カプセル、顆粒、液体、乳化、トローチ、またはそれらの組合せ)、舌下、経胃栄養チューブ、直腸、その他)、非経口投与(たとえば非経口、たとえば静脈内、動脈内、筋肉内、腹腔内、皮内、皮下、腔内、頭蓋内、関節内、関節スペース内、心筋内(心臓内)、空洞内注射、病巣内(皮膚病巣内)、骨内注入(骨髄内)、髄腔内(脊柱管内)、子宮内、膣内、膀胱内注入、硝子体内)、その他またはそれらの組合せが含まれる。
いくつかの実施形態では、組成物中の結合剤-薬物複合体の量は治療有効量である。いくつかの実施形態では、結合剤-薬物複合体の治療有効量が対象に投与される。いくつかの実施形態では、組成物中の結合剤-薬物複合体の治療有効量は効果的な治療結果を得るために必要な量である。ある実施形態では、組成物(たとえば医薬組成物)中の結合剤-薬物複合体の量は、本明細書で意図するように、腫瘍性障害またはがんを予防し、処置し、その重篤度を低減し、その発症を遅らせ、および/またはその症状を緩和するために十分な量である。
結合剤-薬物複合体の量または用量を含む医薬組成物は、所望であれば結合剤の1つまたは複数の用量を含み得るキット、パックまたは分注デバイスで提供され得る。いくつかの実施形態では、キットはパックおよび/または分注デバイスを含む。パックの非限定的な例は、本明細書中に記載した結合剤-薬物複合体または組成物を含む金属、ガラスまたはプラスチック容器もしくはブリスターパックを含む。ある実施形態では、キットは注射器または吸入器等の分注デバイスを含む。パックまたは分注デバイスは投与のための説明書を伴ってもよい。パックまたは分注器は、医薬品の製造、使用または販売を規制する政府官庁によって規定された形態で容器に付随し、ヒトまたは獣医用投与のための薬剤の形態の官庁による承認を反映する注意書を伴ってもよい。そのような注意書は、たとえば処方薬として米国食品医薬品局によって承認されたラベル、または承認された製品添付文書であってよい。
[実施例]
cMETに対する抗体応答を誘起するため、図1および図2に示すようにcMET-FcまたはcMETペプチドでマウスを免疫した。いくつかの実施形態では、戦略領域に由来するペプチドを免疫のために選択した。ペプチド3の設計を着想させたMET上の構造ループの例を図3に示す。免疫されたマウスの脾臓を得て、脾臓細胞を好適な融合パートナーと融合させ、標準的なプロトコルでハイブリドーマを産生させた。ハイブリドーマクローンを単離し、ハイブリドーマ培地をMETへの結合および/またはフローサイトメトリーで測定したヒトがん細胞株上のcMETの内在化を誘起する能力について試験した(図4)。選択されたハイブリドーマ抗体を、METの分解を誘起する能力(図5)、またはERKのリン酸化を誘起する能力の欠如(図6)について選択した。リードハイブリドーマF6B1P3D12は、2019年3月20日に、アメリカ合衆国バージニア州20110-2209、マナサス、ユニヴァーシティ・ブルーバード10801のアメリカンタイプカルチャーコレクション特許微生物寄託機関(American Type Culture Collection, Patent Depository)に寄託された。寄託は、特許手続上の微生物の寄託の国際的承認に関するブダペスト条約およびその規則(ブダペスト条約)のもとで行われた。ATCC番号はまだ割り当てられていない。
MSD=メソスケールディスカバリープラットフォーム
NHP=非ヒト霊長類(即ちシノモルガス・マカク)
5D5=アゴニスト陽性対照
ABF46=MET ADC、陽性対照
マウスモノクローナル抗体P3D12の重鎖CDRおよび軽鎖CDRを含むヒト化してアイソタイプスイッチされたモノクローナル結合剤を生成させた。16種の異なった重鎖(HC)および軽鎖(LC)の組合せを、PBSへの溶解性、ヒトcMETへの結合、ラットcMETへの結合、表面プラスモン共鳴(SPR)で測定したヒトおよびラットのcMETへの結合親和性、メソスケールディスカバリープラットフォーム(MSD)として報告されたアゴニスト活性の存在およびcMETの分解について試験した。結果を以下の表12にまとめる。
本発明者らは、配列番号47のヒト化軽鎖可変領域および配列番号108のヒト化重鎖可変領域を含むIgG2アイソタイプのヒト化モノクローナル抗体を、代表的なヒト化抗cMET抗体として選択し、hD12と称し、以下の実施例にて抗体を用いた。
配列番号108のヒト化重鎖および配列番号47のヒト化軽鎖配列を含む代表的なヒト化抗cMET抗体であるhD12は、5つの代表的なペイロード(すなわち化学式II、IV、VI、VIIおよびXIのペイロード)に確率的に複合体化される。各ペイロードはピロロベンゾジアゼピン毒素と連結基を含む。この実施例では、ペイロードの連結基をhD12抗体にジスルフィド化学を用いて確率的に連結した。簡潔には、hD12抗体をまずグルタチオン(GSH)を用いて還元し、未反応のGSHを除去し、反応性マレイミド基を含む連結基を抗体上の1つまたは複数の遊離スルフヒドリル基(すなわちチオール基)と反応させる。このアプローチを用い、1つまたは複数のペイロードを、システイン残基によって占められたランダムな位置でhD12抗体に共有結合で連結されている。したがってこの方法は確率的な複合体化と称する。
実施例3の5つのhD12抗体薬物複合体の細胞毒性を、異なるレベルで表面cMETを発現する細胞に対して試験した。5つの代表的なペイロードのそれぞれに複合体化させたデノスマブを陰性対照として用いた(データは示さず)。デノスマブ複合体は、cMET発現細胞株での細胞致死作用をまったくまたはほとんど示さなかった。
2つのin vivo異種移植研究を行い、実施例3の5つのhD12抗体薬物複合体(すなわち、hD12-VI、hD12-II、hD12-VIIおよびhD12-XI)の効果を評価した。図20~22に示したD12-vc-XI、hD12-vc-VI、hD12-vc-II、hD12-vc-VIIおよびhD12-vc-IVという用語は、それぞれhD12-XI、hD12-VI、hD12-II、hD12-VIIおよびhD12-IVと同義的に用いられることに留意されたい。また、デノスマブ-*(たとえばデノスマブ-II)は、図に示したデノスマブ-vc-*(たとえばデノスマブ-vc-II)という用語と同義的に用いられる。「vc」という指定は重要な意味を与えない。「デノスマブ-II」という用語は、化学式IIのペイロードに取着されたモノクローナル抗体「デノスマブ」を示す。
実施例3のhD12薬物複合体(すなわちhD12-VI、hD12-II、hD12-VIIおよびhD12-XI)の循環半減期を、72時間にわたって3匹のマウスの5つのグループで評価した。各グループのマウスに1mg/kgのhD12-II、hD12-IV、hD12-VI、hD12-XIまたはデノスマブ-IIのいずれかの1回静脈内注射した。0.5時間、2時間、6時間、24時間、48時間、72時間後に採血した。血清試料を調製し、指定された抗体薬物複合体のそれぞれの量について分析した(図23)。血清抗体を抗Fc特異的抗体で捕捉し、ヤギ抗ヒトIgG(H+L)-HRPを用いて検出した。
hD12のコード領域を様々な部位で変異させ、IgG2抗体の重鎖定常領域にシステイン残基を導入して、hD12変異抗体であるhD12-T289C(289位のTがシステインに変異)、hD12-V442C(442位のVがシステインに変異)、hD12-V282C(282位のVがシステインに変異)、hD12-S119C(119位のSがシステインに変異)を得た。変異点はhD12の定常領域にあり、Edelman, G.M. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. USA, 63, 78-85 (1969). PMID: 5257969に記載されたEU番号付け方法に従って定義される。化学式IIのペイロードを、マレイミド化学を用いて変異したシステイン残基のそれぞれに部位特異的に複合体化させた。複合体化の質および程度を、総回収率、凝集体含有量、単量体含有量および薬物-抗体比(DAR)の測定によって評価した。最適な複合体化が、hD12複合体であるhD12-T289C-II、hD12-V442C-IIおよびhD12-V282C-IIについて観察された。これら3つの部位特異的複合体のcMETに対する相対的結合親和性を、実施例3に記載したcMET結合ELISAを用い、確率的に複合体化させたhD12-IIと比較した。cMET結合アッセイの結果を図24Aおよび24Bに示す。部位特異的化合物はすべて類似の親和性でもってヒトcMETに首尾よく結合した。部位特異的複合体は、確率的に結合させたhD12-IIと類似のまたはわずかに良好な親和性でもって結合した。
本発明者らは、部位特異的に結合させたII複合体(すなわちhD12-T289C-II、hD12-V442C-IIおよびhD12-V282C-II)の細胞毒性効力を、ベンチマークとして確率的に結合したhD12-IIと比較して、8つのcMET発現細胞株SNU-16(図25B)、SNU-620(図25C)、MKN-45(図25D)、NCI-N87(図25E)、SNU-5(図26A)、H1373(図27A)、H1573(図27B)、H1975(図27C)およびcMET陰性細胞株SNU-1(図25A)に対し、アッセイした。細胞毒性の結果を図25F、26Bおよび27Eにまとめる。投与した用量を図25G、26Cおよび27Dに示す。
部位特異的複合体であるhD12-T289C-II、hD12-V442C-IIおよびhD12-V282C-IIならびに確率的に結合させたhD12-IIを、H1975(cMETの中程度の発現)異種移植腫瘍モデルにて評価した。デノスマブIIを陰性対照として用いた。各マウスにH1975細胞(0日目)を接種し、次いで、指定された抗体薬物複合体の1つまたはPBSで処理した。抗体薬物複合体を、腫瘍細胞接種後14日目に1回投与として尾静脈i.v.注射により投与した。各抗体薬物複合体の2種の用量(0.5mg/kgおよび0.125mg/kg)を試験した。10匹のマウスを各処置について試験した。腫瘍の体積および重量を週に3回測定した。H1975 in vivo異種移植研究の結果を図28A~28Cに示す。
部位特異的hD12複合体であるhD12-V422C-II、hD12-V282C-IIおよびhD12-T289C-IIの循環半減期を21日間ラットにて評価した。各グループのラット(3ラット/グループ)に1mg/kgの指定された抗体薬物複合体を1回静脈内注射した(図30)。注射後0.5時間、2時間、6時間、24時間、48時間、72時間、168時間、312時間および480時間に採血した。血清試料中の抗体レベルを、キャプチャー抗体(抗Fc特異的)およびヤギ抗ヒトIgG(H+L)-HRP検出抗体を用いたPK ELISAにて分析した。その結果を図31にまとめた。部位特異的複合体の薬物動態(PK)パラメータを、WinNonlinソフトウェアを用いて決定した。3つの部位特異的複合体はすべて同様の形状の濃度-時間曲線を示した。算出された半減期は12~18日であった。変異体を、総抗体薬物動態データのみに基づいて互いに区別することはできなかった。この実験結果に基づけば、hD12-V422C-II、hD12-V282C-IIおよびhD12-T289C-II間に薬物動態の有意差はなかった。
確率的に結合させたhD12-IIおよび部位特異的変異体であるhD12-V282C-IIおよびhD12-T289C-IIを、非ヒト霊長類における許容度について最大量1mg/kgまで試験した。概して、すべての抗体薬物複合体は十分に許容された。試験終了(21日目)までに重度の体重減少は観察されなかった。
患者由来の異種移植(PDX)は癌のモデルであり、患者の腫瘍由来の組織または細胞が免疫不全マウスに移植される。PDXモデルは、がんの進行および処置の研究のために、がんの自然な増殖に似た環境を作り出すために用いられることが多い。Multiple Crown Bio HuPrime(登録商標)胃、結腸直腸、頭頸部(H&N)PDXモデルを実施して、hD12-T289C-IIの有効性を評価した。PDXモデルはc-Met発現(低~高)の範囲で選択した。
ヒト対象は肝および肺に存在する2cm以上の多数転移癌を有している。癌細胞がその細胞表面上にcMETを発現しているかを判断するため生検を行なう。細胞表面のcMET発現の存在は生検の結果で確認される。
ヒト対象は直径2cmの固形腫瘍を有する結腸直腸腺癌を示す。ヒト対象は本明細書に記載した結合剤-薬物複合体が投与される。結合剤-薬物複合体の結合剤は、配列番号47の軽鎖可変領域および配列番号108のヒト化重鎖可変領域を含むIgG2アイソタイプのヒト化モノクローナル抗体である。結合剤-薬物複合体の薬物は化学式IIの構造を有するペイロードである。結合剤は、用量1mg/kgとし、30分間かけて50mlの容量を1日1回で6週間、静脈内投与する。2週間の処置の後、腫瘍サイズは50%以上減少する。6週間の処置の後、対象は寛解していると判断される。
Claims (15)
- 結合剤およびペイロードを含む結合剤-薬物複合体であって、
結合剤が、
配列番号1または2のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR-L1;
配列番号16または17のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR-L2;
配列番号26または27のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR-L3;
配列番号50または51のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR-H1;
配列番号62または63のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR-H2および
配列番号79または80のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR-H3を含む抗体またはその結合断片であり、
ペイロードはピロロベンゾジアゼピン毒素および連結基を含み、
ピロロベンゾジアゼピン毒素は連結基に共有結合で連結され、連結基は結合剤に共有結合で連結され、および結合剤は間葉上皮転換因子(cMET)の細胞外ドメインに特異的に結合する、結合剤-薬物複合体。 - ピロロベンゾジアゼピン毒素が、化学式I:
Z1およびZ2は両方ともNであり;
Z3およびZ4は両方ともCであり;
R5は、-NH2、-NHR6および構造:
R6は連結基を含み、およびR7はHまたはC1-5アルキルであり;
X1はヌルであるか、保護基であるか、または連結基を含み;X2はヌルであるか、保護基であるか、または連結基を含み;X1、X2、R1およびR2の1つだけが連結基を含み;およびY1およびY2のそれぞれが独立してヌル、OHまたはSO3Hのいずれかであり;
ただし、
の構造を含む、請求項1に記載の結合剤-薬物複合体。 - 結合剤がヒトcMET、サルcMETまたはラットcMETに特異的に結合する、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の結合剤-薬物複合体。
- 結合剤がcMET変異体の細胞外ドメインに特異的に結合する、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の結合剤-薬物複合体。
- 請求項1~10いずれか一項に記載の結合剤-薬物複合体、および
薬学的に許容される賦形剤、希釈剤、添加剤またはキャリア
を含む医薬組成物。 - 腫瘍性障害またはがんを治療するためのものである、請求項11に記載の医薬組成物。
- 腫瘍性障害またはがんが、癌腫、肉腫、神経芽腫、膠芽細胞腫、骨髄腫、リンパ腫、黒色腫、固形腫瘍、および軟組織腫瘍からなる群から選択される、請求項12に記載の医薬組成物。
- 腫瘍性障害またはがんが、膀胱がん、乳がん、結腸直腸がん、胃がん、膵臓がん、食道がん、肝臓がん、肝細胞がん、下咽頭がん、肺がん、腺がん、卵巣がんおよび腎臓がんからなる群から選択される、請求項13に記載の医薬組成物。
- 腫瘍性障害またはがんが、膵臓腺がん、膵神経内分泌がん、結腸直腸腺がん、小腸悪性腫瘍、胆管がん、非小細胞肺がん(NSCLC)、甲状腺がん、食道もしくは食道胃接合部(EGJ)がん、胃腺がん、肝臓肝細胞がん、頭頸部扁平上皮がん、女性生殖器悪性腫瘍、乳がん、トリプルネガティブ乳がん、肺小細胞がん、卵巣表面上皮がん、後腹膜もしくは腹膜肉腫、前立腺腺がん、神経内分泌腫瘍、消化管間質腫瘍、膠芽細胞腫および非上皮性卵巣がんからなる群から選択される、請求項13または14に記載の医薬組成物。
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EP3774923A1 (en) | 2021-02-17 |
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JP2023025034A (ja) | 2023-02-21 |
CN112119098A (zh) | 2020-12-22 |
BR112020019465A2 (pt) | 2021-01-12 |
JP2024119813A (ja) | 2024-09-03 |
KR20200138288A (ko) | 2020-12-09 |
JP7177848B2 (ja) | 2022-11-24 |
JP2021519319A (ja) | 2021-08-10 |
MX2020010110A (es) | 2020-11-06 |
CA3094827A1 (en) | 2019-10-03 |
MA52238A (fr) | 2021-02-17 |
TWI841555B (zh) | 2024-05-11 |
WO2019189453A1 (en) | 2019-10-03 |
US12060427B2 (en) | 2024-08-13 |
AU2019243764A1 (en) | 2020-11-05 |
RU2020135303A (ru) | 2022-04-28 |
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