JP7484009B2 - リチウム二次電池用非水系電解液及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用非水系電解液及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7484009B2 JP7484009B2 JP2023501302A JP2023501302A JP7484009B2 JP 7484009 B2 JP7484009 B2 JP 7484009B2 JP 2023501302 A JP2023501302 A JP 2023501302A JP 2023501302 A JP2023501302 A JP 2023501302A JP 7484009 B2 JP7484009 B2 JP 7484009B2
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- lithium secondary
- secondary battery
- lithium
- electrolyte
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 97
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 95
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 50
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- -1 LiCH3SO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical group O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical group O=S1(=O)OCCO1 ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- JHRWWRDRBPCWTF-OLQVQODUSA-N captafol Chemical group C1C=CC[C@H]2C(=O)N(SC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)Cl)C(=O)[C@H]21 JHRWWRDRBPCWTF-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010941 LiFSI Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011737 fluorine Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical group FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010088 LiAlO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003253 LiB10Cl10 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000552 LiCF3SO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910006095 SO2F Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001547 lithium hexafluoroantimonate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001537 lithium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HSFDLPWPRRSVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F HSFDLPWPRRSVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013398 LiN(SO2CF2CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 11
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
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- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBYFNZOIUUXJQD-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetralithium oxalate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O RBYFNZOIUUXJQD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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Description
XはCH2またはOであり、
Rは水素、フッ素またはフッ素に置換された炭素数1ないし4のアルキル基である。
また、本発明によるリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液を含むリチウム二次電池は高電圧下でも電極表面上に安定した被膜を形成し、電解液の持続的な分解抑制を通じた寿命改善及び優れる充放電特性を示す。
XはCH2またはOであり、
Rは水素、フッ素またはフッ素に置換された炭素数1ないし4のアルキル基である。
以下では、本発明によるリチウム二次電池について説明する。
前記正極は正極集電体上に正極活物質、電極用バインダー、電極導電材及び溶媒などを含む正極活物質スラリーをコーティングして製造することができる。
また、前記負極は、負極集電体上に負極活物質、電極用バインダー、電極導電材及び溶媒などを含む負極活物質スラリーをコーティングして製造することができる。一方、前記負極は金属負極集電体自体を電極で使用することができる。
前記分離膜では従来分離膜で使用された通常的な多孔性高分子フィルム、例えば、エチレン単独重合体、プロピレン単独重合体、エチレン/ブテン共重合体、エチレン/ヘキセン共重合体及びエチレン/メタクリレート共重合体などのようなポリオレフィン系高分子で製造した多孔性高分子フィルムを単独でまたはこれらを積層して使用することができるし、または通常の多孔性不織布、例えば、高融点のガラス繊維、ポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維などからなる不織布を使用することができるが、これに限定されるものではない。
1.実施例1
(1)リチウム二次電池用非水系電解液の製造
エチレンカーボネート(EC):エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)を30:70の体積比で混合した後、LiPF6(リチウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート)の濃度が1.0Mになるように溶解して非水性有機溶媒を製造した後、LiN(FSO2)2(リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド、LiFSI)を0.3重量%になるように添加した。前記非水性有機溶媒99gに添加剤である下記化学式Aで表されるリチウム塩1gを添加してリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液を製造した。
正極活物質(LiNi0.6Co0.6Mn0.2O2;NCM622)、導電材でカーボンブラック(carbon black)、バインダーでポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)を94:3:3の重量比で混合した後、溶媒であるN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)に添加して正極活物質スラリーを製造した。前記正極活物質スラリーを厚さ20μm程度の正極集電体であるアルミニウム(Al)薄膜に塗布し、乾燥して正極を製造した後、ロールプレス(roll press)を実施して正極を製造した。
非水性有機溶媒97gに添加剤である前記化学式Aで表されるリチウム塩3gを添加したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
添加剤として前記化学式Aで表されるリチウム塩1gの代わりに下記化学式Bで表されるリチウム塩1gを添加したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
添加剤として前記化学式Aで表されるリチウム塩1gの代わりに下記化学式Cで表されるリチウム塩1gを添加したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
添加剤として前記化学式Aで表されるリチウム塩1gの代わりに下記化学式Dで表されるリチウム塩1gを添加したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
1.比較例1
リチウム二次電池用電解液を製造するとき、前記化学式Aで表されるリチウム塩を添加剤で使わないことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
添加剤として前記化学式Aで表されるリチウム塩15gを添加したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
添加剤として前記化学式Aで表されるリチウム塩1gの代わりに1,3-プロパンスルトン1gを添加したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
添加剤として前記化学式Aで表されるリチウム塩1gの代わりにエチレンスルフェート1gを添加したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
添加剤として前記化学式Aで表されるリチウム塩1gの代わりに比較化合物a1gを添加したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
1.実験例1:容量特性評価
実施例1ないし5と比較例1ないし5のリチウム二次電池を常温で0.33C/4.25Vの定電流/定電圧(CC/CV)の条件で4.25V/0.05C mAまで充電し、0.33Cの定電流(CC)の条件で3Vまで放電して初期放電容量を測定した。
容量維持率(%)=最終放電容量(mAh)/初期放電容量(mAh)
前記実施例1ないし5と及び比較例1ないし5によって製造されるリチウム二次電池の抵抗を評価するために、リチウム二次電池を活性化した後、SOC(state of charge)が50%になるように充電させた時の初期抵抗を測定した。以後、リチウム二次電池を常温で0.33C/4.25Vの定電流/定電圧(CC/CV)の条件で4.25V/0.05C mAまで充電し、0.33Cの定電流(CC)の条件で3Vまで放電する過程を300回繰り返した後、SOC 50%に合わせて抵抗を測定した。これを最終抵抗と定義する。前記初期抵抗、最終抵抗を下記式2に代入して計算された抵抗増加率(%)を下記表3に示す。
抵抗増加率(%)={(最終抵抗-初期抵抗)/初期抵抗}×100(%)
Claims (8)
- 電解質塩、有機溶媒及び添加剤を含むリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液であって、
前記添加剤はスルホンイミド基及びプロパンスルトン基またはエチレンスルフェート基を持つ陰イオンを含むリチウム塩であり、
前記添加剤が下記化学式1で表されるリチウム塩であり、
XはCH 2 またはOであり、
Rは水素、フッ素またはフッ素に置換された炭素数1ないし4のアルキル基であり、
前記添加剤が全体重量に対して0.01重量%ないし10重量%含まれることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液。 - 前記RがFまたはCF3であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液。
- 前記化学式1が下記化学式Aないし化学式Dのいずれか一つで表されることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液。
- 前記電解質塩がLiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiB10Cl10、LiAlCl4、LiAlO4、LiPF6、LiCF3SO3、LiCH3CO2、LiCF3CO2、LiAsF6、LiSbF6、LiCH3SO3、LiFSI(LiN(SO2F)2)、LiBETI(LiN(SO2CF2CF3)2)及びLiTFSI(LiN(SO2CF3)2)からなる群から選択されたことを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液。
- 前記電解質塩の濃度が0.1Mないし3Mであることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液。
- 前記有機溶媒がエーテル、エステル、アミド、線形カーボネート及び環形カーボネートからなる群から選択された1種以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液。
- 前記リチウム二次電池が4.0V以上の作動電圧を持つことを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液。
- 正極、負極、前記正極と負極との間に介在される分離膜、及び請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液を含むリチウム二次電池。
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