JP7471651B2 - ソフトカプセル集合体及びこれを含む経口投与用組成物 - Google Patents
ソフトカプセル集合体及びこれを含む経口投与用組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7471651B2 JP7471651B2 JP2020513472A JP2020513472A JP7471651B2 JP 7471651 B2 JP7471651 B2 JP 7471651B2 JP 2020513472 A JP2020513472 A JP 2020513472A JP 2020513472 A JP2020513472 A JP 2020513472A JP 7471651 B2 JP7471651 B2 JP 7471651B2
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- soft capsule
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- oil
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
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Description
[1]皮膜で内容物が被包されたソフトカプセルの集合体であって、平均粒子径が900μm以下であり、前記皮膜の表面に凹凸が形成され、式(1)で表される円形度の平均が0.95以下であるソフトカプセル集合体。
円形度=4πS/L2 (1)
(式(1)において、Sはソフトカプセル粒子の投影像の投影面積、Lは前記投影像の周囲長を表す。)
[2]皮膜で内容物が被包されたソフトカプセルの集合体であって、平均粒子径が900μm以下であり、前記皮膜の表面に凹凸が形成され、前記凹凸の程度を示す凹凸度を、前記ソフトカプセルの断面を観察し、前記断面において重心を中心として、前記重心から最も離れた位置にある凸部に接する円の半径と、前記重心を中心として、前記重心から最も近い位置にある凹部に接する円の半径との差で定義したときに、前記凹凸度が20μm以上であるソフトカプセル集合体。
[3]式(2)で表される長短度の平均が0.04以上であることを特徴とする上記[1]又は[2]記載のソフトカプセル集合体。
長短度=1-短径/長径 (2)
[4]ソフトカプセルの粒子径に対する皮膜の厚みの比が、0.08~0.15であることを特徴とする上記[1]~[3]のいずれか記載のソフトカプセル集合体。
[5]平均粒子径が700μm以下であることを特徴とする上記[1]~[4]のいずれか記載のソフトカプセル集合体。
[6]平均粒子径が300μm以上であることを特徴とする上記[1]~[5]のいずれか記載のソフトカプセル集合体。
[7]上記[1]~[6]のいずれか記載のソフトカプセル集合体を含むことを特徴とする経口投与用組成物。
[8]ソフトカプセル集合体を0.1~50質量%含むことを特徴とする上記[7]記載の経口投与用組成物。
[9]錠剤であることを特徴とする上記[7]又は[8]記載の経口投与用組成物。
また、本発明の別の態様は、原料をノズルから吐出してソフトカプセル集合体を製造する方法であって、最も内側からカプセル充填成分を含む内容液を吐出速度0.1~5mL/minで吐出し、その外側から皮膜形成成分を含む皮膜液を吐出速度0.1~10mL/minで吐出し、その外側からキャリア液を吐出速度15000~30000mL/minで吐出して液滴を形成し、前記液滴の前記皮膜液を硬化させることを特徴とする平均粒子径が900μm以下のソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法や、皮膜で内容物が被包されたソフトカプセルの集合体であり、平均粒子径が900μm以下であることを特徴とするソフトカプセル集合体や、皮膜の表面に凹凸が形成されていることを特徴とする前記ソフトカプセル集合体に関する。
円形度=4πS/L2 (1)
(式(1)において、Sはソフトカプセル粒子の投影像の投影面積、Lは前記投影像の周囲長を表す。)
本発明における平均粒子径は、公知の平均粒子径の測定方法により求めることができるが、粒子画像分析装置(装置名:モフォロギG3、Malvern社)を使用して、サンプル数(N数)100以上で解析を行って求めることが好ましい。また、本発明における円形度の平均(以下、平均円形度ともいう。)は、複数のソフトカプセル粒子の投影像の投影面積、及び前記投影像の周囲長を公知の方法を利用して求め、その値から算出された円形度を平均して求めることができるが、粒子画像分析装置(装置名:モフォロギG3、Malvern社)を使用して、サンプル数(N数)100以上で解析を行って求めることが好ましい。本発明における平均円形度は、ソフトカプセルの強度を維持する観点から0.85以上が好ましく、他の材料との混合性を向上させる観点及び成形したときの欠落を防止する観点並びにソフトカプセルの強度を維持する観点から0.85~0.95が好ましい。本発明のソフトカプセル集合体の平均粒子径は、食感や服用感をより向上させる観点から700μm以下が好まく、取扱いやすさの観点から300μm以上が好ましい。本発明のソフトカプセル集合体の平均粒子径は、300~900μmが好ましく、300~700μmがより好ましい。
長短度=1-短径/長径 (2)
式(2)で表される長短度は、公知のいずれの方法を利用しても求めることができるが、粒子画像分析装置(装置名:モフォロギG3、Malvern社)を使用して、サンプル数(N数)100以上で解析を行って求めることが好ましい。本発明における長短度は、他の材料との混合性を向上させる観点及び成形したときの欠落防止効果を向上させる観点から0.05以上がより好ましい。また、本発明における長短度は、ソフトカプセルの強度を維持する観点から0.15以下が好ましく、0.1以下がより好ましい。本発明のソフトカプセル集合体の長短度の好ましい範囲としては、0.04~0.15、0.04~0.1、0.05~0.15、0.05~0.1等を例示することができる。
図1のような同芯二重ノズルを用い、内側ノズルからは表1に示す組成からなる内容液を、外側ノズルからは表2に示す組成からなる皮膜液を、形成管内部に流れるMCT中に吐出させて滴下し、得られた未乾燥カプセルを5日間MCT液(約4℃)中に浸漬した。MCT液中のカプセルを回収し、回収したカプセルをエタノールで洗浄後、約20℃で15時間静置して乾燥させた。皮膜率を40%とした。内容液の吐出速度は2.02mL/min、皮膜液の吐出速度は5.26mL/min、キャリア液の形成管内部への流入速度は20000mL/minとした。内側ノズルの吐出口の開口部の内径は0.5mm、外側ノズルの吐出口の開口部の内径は1mm、形成管の上端の開口部の内径は22mmであった。表1に示す組成からなる内容液の粘度は14.0mPa・s/21.8℃、表2に示す組成からなる皮膜液の粘度は36.8mPa・s/65.6℃であった。粘度は、粘度測定装置VISCOMETER TVC-1(東機産業(株))を使用して測定した。
実施例1で使用したものと同じノズルを用いて、内側ノズルからは表3に示す組成からなる内容液を、外側ノズルからは表4に示す組成からなる皮膜液を吐出させ、形成管内部に流れるMCT中に滴下し、得られた未乾燥粉末を5日間MCT液(約4℃)中に浸漬した。MCT液中のカプセルを回収し、回収したカプセルをエタノールで洗浄後、洗浄後のカプセルを、タンブラー乾燥装置(富士カプセル(株)製)を用いて22時間乾燥させた(乾燥温度約20℃)。皮膜率を40%とした。内容液の吐出速度は2.02mL/minとし、皮膜液の吐出速度は4.2mL/minとし、キャリア液の形成管内部への流入速度は20000mL/minとした。実施例1と同様に粘度を測定したところ、表3に示す組成からなる内容液の粘度は20.9mPa・s/21.1℃、表4に示す組成からなる皮膜液の粘度は36.9mPa・s/65℃であった。
実施例1で使用したものと同じノズルを用いて、内側ノズルからは表5に示す組成からなる内容液を、外側ノズルからは表6に示す組成からなる皮膜液を、形成管の内部に流れるMCT中に吐出させて滴下し、得られた未乾燥カプセルを5日間MCT液(約4℃)中に浸漬した。MCT液中のカプセルを回収し、回収したカプセルをエタノールで洗浄後、洗浄後のカプセルを15時間静置乾燥(乾燥温度:約23℃)させた。皮膜率を40%とした。内容液の吐出速度は2.02mL/minとし、皮膜液の吐出速度は5.26mL/minとし、キャリア液の形成管内部への流入速度は20000mL/minとした。実施例1と同様に粘度を測定したところ、表5に示す組成からなる内容液の粘度は20.9mPa・s/21.1℃、表6に示す組成からなる皮膜液の粘度は35.2mPa・s/65.0℃であった。
図1のような同芯二重ノズルを用いて、内側ノズルからは表7に示す組成からなる内容液を、外側ノズルからは表8に示す組成からなる皮膜液を、形成管内部に流れるMCT中に吐出させて滴下し、得られた未乾燥カプセルを5日間MCT液(約4℃)中に浸漬した。MCT液中のカプセルを回収し、回収したカプセルをエタノール(純度:99.5%、1~2℃)に浸漬後、タンブラー乾燥装置(富士カプセル(株)製)を用いて15時間乾燥させた(乾燥温度約20℃)。実施例3~7では、エタノールへの浸漬時間をそれぞれ2、3、5、10、15分とした。皮膜率を40%とした。内容液の吐出速度は1.80mL/min、皮膜液の吐出速度は4.91mL/min、キャリア液の形成管内部への流入速度は20000mL/minとした。内側ノズルの吐出口の開口部の内径は0.2mm、外側ノズルの吐出口の開口部の内径は0.6mm、形成管の上端の開口部の内径は22mmであった。表7に示す組成からなる内容液の粘度は21.6mPa・s/19.2℃、表8に示す組成からなる皮膜液の粘度は35.7mPa・s/68.9℃であった。粘度は、粘度測定装置VISCOMETER TVC-1(東機産業(株))を使用して測定した。実施例3~7と同じ条件で、エタノールへの浸漬時間を0、1分としたものを、それぞれ比較例1、2とした。
実施例3~7と同じノズルを使用し、内側ノズルからは表9に示す組成からなる内容液を、外側ノズルからは表10に示す組成からなる皮膜液を、形成管内部に流れるMCT中に吐出させて滴下し、得られた未乾燥カプセルを5日間MCT液(約4℃)中に浸漬した。MCT液中のカプセルを回収し、回収したカプセルをエタノール(純度:99.5%、1~2℃)に浸漬後、タンブラー乾燥装置(富士カプセル(株)製)を用いて15時間乾燥させた(乾燥温度約20℃)。実施例8~11では、エタノールへの浸漬時間をそれぞれ2.5、5、10、15分とした。皮膜率を40%とした。内容液の吐出速度は1.80mL/min、皮膜液の吐出速度は4.91mL/min、キャリア液の形成管内部への流入速度は20000mL/minとした。内側ノズルの吐出口の開口部の内径は0.4mm、外側ノズルの吐出口の開口部の内径は0.8mm、形成管の上端の開口部の内径は22mmであった。表9に示す組成からなる内容液の粘度は20.8mPa・s/21.0℃、表10に示す組成からなる皮膜液の粘度は48.9mPa・s/61.6℃であった。粘度は、粘度測定装置VISCOMETER TVC-1(東機産業(株))を使用して測定した。
実施例1で使用したものと同じノズルを用いて、皮膜液の調製方法は国際公開パンフレットWO2010/146845の記載に準じ、外側ノズルからは「カラギナン88.9質量部、アルギン酸ナトリウム11.1質量部、グリセリン21.2質量部、リン酸水素2カリウム1.4質量部、クエン酸0.6質量部、及び適量の精製水」からなる皮膜液を、内側ノズルからは内容液としてMCT液を、形成管の内部に流れるMCT中に吐出させて滴下し、1日間MCT液(約4℃)に浸漬した。皮膜率を40%とした。内容液の吐出速度は2.02mL/minとし、皮膜液の吐出速度は5.26mL/minとし、キャリア液の形成管内部への流入速度は20000mL/minとした。こうして得られた未乾燥カプセルを、静置乾燥(約20℃)にて20時間乾燥し、ソフトカプセルを得た。簡易的にノギスにて直径を測定したところ、N=10の平均粒子径は670μmであった。
(粒子径の測定)
実施例1~11、参考例1及び比較例1~2で得られたソフトカプセルを粒子画像分析装置(装置名:モフォロギG3、Malvern社)を用いて解析し、平均粒子径及び粒度分布を求めた。平均粒子径及び粒度分布は、前記粒子画像分析装置により求められる「Circle Equivalent(CE) diameter」の平均及び分布である。平均粒子径、最小粒子径及び最大粒子径を表11及び12に粒度分布を図2~4に示す。測定結果に示されるように、いずれの実施例においても平均粒子径が700μm以下のソフトカプセル集合体が得られ、参考例1では条件を調整することにより平均粒子径が600μm以下のソフトカプセル集合体を得ることができた。また、図2~4に示されるように得られたソフトカプセル集合体の粒度分布は非常にシャープであり、粒度分布の幅の狭いソフトカプセル集合体が得られた。表12からわかるように、ソフトカプセルの粒子径が200~900μm、300~900μm、又は400~900μmの範囲にあるソフトカプセル集合体が得られた。
実施例、参考例及び比較例で得られたソフトカプセルを高分解能3DX線顕微鏡(nano3DX-J、(株)リガク)を用いて観察した。図5及び6に参考例1及び実施例2で観察されたX線CT画像を示す。また、実施例で得られたソフトカプセルを光化学顕微鏡(VHX-D510、(株)キーエンス)を用いて観察した。図7及び8に実施例1及び参考例1で観察された顕微鏡画像を示す。これらの観察結果から、いずれも真球に近い球状のソフトカプセルが得られたことが分かる。また、本製造方法によると、皮膜表面が滑らかなソフトカプセルが得られ、参考例1では非常に表面が平滑で滑らかなソフトカプセルが得られた。また、乾燥条件を調整することにより、実施例1~11のように表面に凹凸を有するソフトカプセルを得ることができる。表13に、凹凸度、平均円形度、平均長短度及び粒子径に対する皮膜の厚みの比(膜厚/直径(%))を示す。凹凸度は、高分解能3DX線顕微鏡(nano3DX-J、(株)リガク)を用いて、平面に置かれたソフトカプセル粒子の頂部から底部まで620枚の断面画像を撮影し頂部から310枚目の画像断面を使用して測定した。図9~19に凹凸度を測定した断面画像を示す。図9は比較例1、図10は比較例2、図11は実施例3、図12は実施例4、図13は実施例5、図14は実施例6、図15実施例7、図16実施例8、図17は実施例9、図18は実施例10、図19は実施例11の画像である。平均円形度と平均長短度は、それぞれ粒子画像分析装置(装置名:モフォロギG3、Malvern社)により求められる「HS Circularity」と「Elongation」である。また、膜厚/直径(%)は、凹凸度の測定に使用した断面画像から求めた。
実施例及び比較例で得られたソフトカプセル集合体を、それぞれ1gずつ秤取し、シリカ(非晶質二酸化ケイ素:クリアソーブ、富士シリシア化学)9gとビニール袋内で軽く混合した後、15mLの蓋つき試験管に混合物を投入した。混合物が投入された試験管を小型振とう機(インビトロシェーカー TAITEC社製)で60rpm、10分間シーソー振とうを行った後、目視にて混合性を確認した。混合後の状態を撮影した写真を図20に示す。向かって左から順に比較例1、比較例2、実施例3、実施例4、実施例5で得られたマイクロカプセルを使用したものである。マイクロカプセルは赤色に着色されているので、比較例1及び2に比べ、実施例3~5では、赤色のマイクロカプセルが白色のシリカとよく混合され、マイクロカプセルがシリカ中に均一に近い状態で分散していることがわかる。
錠剤1錠(200mg)中に、ソフトカプセル集合体が10mg、賦形剤として直打用噴霧乾燥マンニトール(Parteck200)が188mg、滑沢剤としてステアリン酸マグネシウムが2mgとなるように、これらを混合し、単発打錠機(N-30E)で8mmφの平型杵臼を使用して打錠圧8kNで、錠剤を打錠した。こうして得られた錠剤表面を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)により観察した画像を図21~23に示す。図21は実施例5で得られたマイクロカプセルを使用した錠剤(a)と比較例1で得られたマイクロカプセルを使用した錠剤(b)の画像であり、図22は実施例3で得られたマイクロカプセルを使用した錠剤(a)と比較例1で得られたマイクロカプセルを使用した錠剤(b)の画像であり、図23は、図21を更に拡大した画像である。図21~23からわかるように、本発明のマイクロカプセル集合体を使用した錠剤では、表面におけるマイクロカプセルの欠落が見られないのに対し、本発明における凹凸が形成されていないマイクロカプセルを使用した錠剤では、表面のマイクロカプセルが欠落していた。これは、図24に模式的に示したように、本発明のようなミクロンオーダーのマイクロカプセルの場合、賦形剤等の錠剤のマトリックス成分とマイクロカプセルとが接触する面積が少ないため、凹凸がなく表面が滑らかな球体に近いマイクロカプセルは錠剤表面から容易に欠落するためである。
2 皮膜液用ノズル
3 形成管の上端
4 形成管
5 外管
Claims (10)
- 皮膜で内容物が被包されたソフトカプセルの集合体であって、
平均粒子径が800μm以下であり、
前記皮膜が、ゼラチン、修飾ゼラチン、カラギナン、寒天又はジェランガムを含み、
前記皮膜の表面に凹凸が形成され、
式(1)で表される円形度の平均が0.95以下であるソフトカプセル集合体。
円形度=4πS/L2 (1)
(式(1)において、Sはソフトカプセル粒子の投影像の投影面積、Lは前記投影像の周囲長を表す。) - 皮膜で内容物が被包されたソフトカプセルの集合体であって、
平均粒子径が800μm以下であり、
前記皮膜が、ゼラチン、修飾ゼラチン、カラギナン、寒天又はジェランガムを含み、
前記皮膜の表面に凹凸が形成され、
前記凹凸の程度を示す凹凸度を、前記ソフトカプセルの断面を観察し、前記断面において重心を中心として、前記重心から最も離れた位置にある凸部に接する円の半径と、前記重心を中心として、前記重心から最も近い位置にある凹部に接する円の半径との差で定義したときに、
前記凹凸度が20μm以上であるソフトカプセル集合体。 - 皮膜で内容物が被包されたソフトカプセルの集合体であって、
平均粒子径が800μm以下であり、
前記皮膜が、ゼラチン、修飾ゼラチン、カラギナン、寒天又はジェランガムを含み、
前記皮膜の表面に凹凸が形成され、
式(1)で表される円形度の平均が0.95以下であり、
円形度=4πS/L2 (1)
(式(1)において、Sはソフトカプセル粒子の投影像の投影面積、Lは前記投影像の周囲長を表す。)
前記凹凸の程度を示す凹凸度を、前記ソフトカプセルの断面を観察し、前記断面において重心を中心として、前記重心から最も離れた位置にある凸部に接する円の半径と、前記重心を中心として、前記重心から最も近い位置にある凹部に接する円の半径との差で定義したときに、前記凹凸度が20μm以上であるソフトカプセル集合体。 - 式(2)で表される長短度の平均が0.04以上であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか記載のソフトカプセル集合体。
長短度=1-短径/長径 (2) - ソフトカプセルの粒子径に対する皮膜の厚みの比が、0.08~0.15であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか記載のソフトカプセル集合体。
- 平均粒子径が700μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか記載のソフトカプセル集合体。
- 平均粒子径が300μm以上であることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか記載のソフトカプセル集合体。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか記載のソフトカプセル集合体を含むことを特徴とする経口投与用組成物。
- ソフトカプセル集合体を0.1~50質量%含むことを特徴とする請求項8記載の経口投与用組成物。
- 錠剤であることを特徴とする請求項8又は9記載の経口投与用組成物。
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