JP7403075B2 - 非水電解質二次電池の充電方法、及び非水電解質二次電池の充電システム - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池の充電方法、及び非水電解質二次電池の充電システム Download PDFInfo
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Description
図2は、実施形態の一例である非水電解質二次電池10の断面図である。図2に例示するように、非水電解質二次電池10は、電極体14と、非水電解質(図示せず)と、電極体14及び非水電解質を収容する電池ケース15とを備える。電極体14は、正極11と負極12がセパレータ13を介して巻回されてなる巻回構造を有する。電池ケース15は、有底筒状の外装缶16と、外装缶16の開口部を塞ぐ封口体17とで構成される。また、非水電解質二次電池10は、外装缶16と封口体17との間に配置される樹脂製のガスケット28を備える。
正極11は、正極集電体と、正極集電体の両面に形成された正極合材層とを有する。正極集電体には、アルミニウムなど正極11の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。正極合材層は、正極活物質、導電材、及び結着材を含む。正極11は、例えば正極集電体上に正極活物質、導電材、及び結着材等を含む正極合材スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧縮して正極合材層を正極集電体の両面に形成することにより作製できる。
負極12は、負極集電体と、負極集電体の両面に形成された負極合材層とを有する。負極集電体には、銅など負極12の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。負極合材層は、負極活物質、及び結着材を含む。負極12は、例えば負極集電体上に負極活物質、及び結着材等を含む負極合材スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧縮して負極合材層を負極集電体の両面に形成することにより作製できる。
セパレータ13には、イオン透過性及び絶縁性を有する多孔性シートが用いられる。多孔性シートの具体例としては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。セパレータ13の材質としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のオレフィン樹脂、セルロースなどが好適である。セパレータ13は、単層構造、積層構造のいずれであってもよい。セパレータ13の表面には、耐熱層などが形成されていてもよい。
(1)dQSi/dQが所定の閾値以上となる容量範囲を含む第1容量Q1stを第1定電流値I1stで充電する第1充電ステップ。
(2)第1充電ステップ終了後、第1定電流値よりも大きな第2定電流値で第2容量Q2ndを充電する第2充電ステップ。
(3)電池容量Qに対する開放電圧OCVの変化量の割合dV/dQ、及びdQSi/dQの少なくとも一方を取得する検出ステップ。
(4)dV/dQ又はdQSi/dQの経時変化に基づいて、第1充電ステップと第2充電ステップの切り替えのタイミング、及び第1定電流値I1stの少なくとも一方を変更する変更ステップ。
ここで、α1は0.1が好ましく、0.05がより好ましい。
ここで、α2は0.1が好ましく、0.05がより好ましい。
≦I1st/Imax≦82/(81.8x+64)×(0.3/0.7)+α3
ここで、α3は0.3が好ましく、0.2がより好ましい。
≦I2nd/Imax≦36/(122.4x+10.9)×(0.5/0.7)+α4
ここで、α4は0.3が好ましく、0.2がより好ましい。
2 充電制御装置
3 第1充電制御手段
4 第2充電制御手段
5 第3充電制御手段
6 定電圧充電制御手段
7 検出手段
8 変更手段
9 記憶部
10 非水電解質二次電池
11 正極
12 負極
13 セパレータ
14 電極体
15 電池ケース
16 外装缶
17 封口体
18,19 絶縁板
20 正極タブ
21 負極タブ
22 溝入部
23 フィルタ
24 下弁体
25 絶縁部材
26 上弁体
27 キャップ
28 ガスケット
30 電池監視ユニット
100 電源
101 負荷
Claims (7)
- 負極活物質として炭素材料及びSi含有化合物を含む負極を備えた非水電解質二次電池の充電方法であって、
電池容量Qの変化量に対する前記Si含有化合物の容量QSiの変化量の割合dQSi/dQが、所定の閾値以上となる容量範囲である第1容量Q1stを第1定電流値I1stで充電する第1充電ステップと、
前記第1充電ステップ終了後、前記第1定電流値よりも大きな第2定電流値で第2容量を充電する第2充電ステップと、
前記電池容量Qの変化量に対する開放電圧の変化量の割合dV/dQ、及びdQSi/dQの少なくとも一方を取得する検出ステップと、
充放電サイクル数の増加に伴うdV/dQ又はdQSi/dQの経時変化に基づいて、前記第1充電ステップと前記第2充電ステップの切り替えのタイミング、及び前記第1定電流値I1stの少なくとも一方を変更する変更ステップと、
を有する、非水電解質二次電池の充電方法。 - 前記検出ステップでは、電池の充電時又は放電時に前記開放電圧を測定してdV/dQを取得する、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池の充電方法。
- 前記変更ステップでは、dV/dQ又はdQSi/dQの経時変化に基づいて、前記第1充電ステップと前記第2充電ステップの切り替えのタイミング、及び前記第1定電流値I1stを変更する、請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池の充電方法。
- 前記第2充電ステップ終了後、前記第2定電流値よりも大きな第3定電流値で第3容量を充電する第3充電ステップを有し、
前記変更ステップは、dV/dQ又はdQSi/dQの経時変化に基づいて、前記第2充電ステップと前記第3充電ステップの切り替えのタイミング、及び前記第2定電流値の少なくとも一方を変更する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池の充電方法。 - 初期の前記第1容量Q1stは、定格容量Qpに対する前記Si含有化合物の容量QSiの比率をx(0.1≦x≦0.5)としたとき、下記式を満たす値に設定される、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池の充電方法。
式:0.38x-0.063-α1≦Q1st/Q≦0.38x+0.163+α1
ここで、α1は0.1である。 - 初期の前記第1定電流値I1stは、定格容量Qpに対する前記Si含有化合物の容量QSiの比率をx(0.1≦x≦0.5)としたとき、下記式を満たす値に設定される、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池の充電方法。
式:82/(81.8x+64)×(0.3/0.7)-α3
≦I1st/Imax≦82/(81.8x+64)×(0.3/0.7)+α3
ここで、α3は0.3である。 - 負極活物質として炭素材料及びSi含有化合物を含む負極を備えた非水電解質二次電池を充電する充電システムであって、
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の充電方法を実行する充電制御装置を備えた、非水電解質二次電池の充電システム。
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