JP7384540B2 - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体の製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7384540B2 JP7384540B2 JP2021562373A JP2021562373A JP7384540B2 JP 7384540 B2 JP7384540 B2 JP 7384540B2 JP 2021562373 A JP2021562373 A JP 2021562373A JP 2021562373 A JP2021562373 A JP 2021562373A JP 7384540 B2 JP7384540 B2 JP 7384540B2
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Description
式1:第1pH>第2pH>第3pH
式2:4≦反応溶液の温度/反応溶液のpH≦6
本発明者らは、正極活物質前駆体の製造時に、複数のバッチ式反応器を用いて、各反応器のpHおよび温度を特定の条件で制御することで、粒度が均一な正極活物質前駆体粒子を製造することができることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
式1:第1pH>第2pH≧第3pH
式2:4≦反応溶液の温度/反応溶液のpH≦6
一方、本発明は、上述のように製造された正極活物質前駆体をリチウム含有原料物質と混合した後、焼成するステップを含む、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法を提供する。
また、本発明は、上述の方法により製造された正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池用正極を提供する。
また、本発明は、前記正極を含む電気化学素子を製造することができる。前記電気化学素子は、具体的には、電池、キャパシタなどであってもよく、より具体的には、リチウム二次電池であってもよい。
容量が5Lである第1反応器、前記第1反応器と連結された第2反応器および前記第2反応器と連結された第3反応器を準備し、それぞれの反応器内の雰囲気は以下に記載されたように調整した。
第3反応器で遷移金属含有溶液を1,500~2,000mL/hrの速度で投入し、15重量%濃度のNH4OH水溶液を140~180mL/hrの速度で投入した以外は、前記実施例1と同じ方法で正極活物質前駆体を製造した。
第1反応器、第2反応器および第3反応器に投入されるNaOH水溶液の量を調節して、第1反応器内のpHを11.8、第2反応器内のpHを11.0~11.6、第3反応器内のpHを10.4~11.0になるように調整した以外は、前記実施例1と同じ方法で正極活物質前駆体を製造した。
反応溶液を移送せず、容量が40Lである1個のバッチ式反応器で遷移金属水酸化物の核生成、遷移金属水酸化物の核成長および遷移金属水酸化物の粒子成長をすべて実施した以外は、前記実施例1と同じ条件で正極活物質前駆体を製造した。
第1反応器、第2反応器および第3反応器の温度を45℃に設定した以外は、実施例1と同じ方法で正極活物質前駆体を製造した。
第2反応器の温度を65℃に設定し、pHを10.8に調節した以外は、実施例1と同じ方法で正極活物質前駆体を製造した。
第3反応器のpHを11.8に調節した以外は、実施例3と同じ方法で正極活物質前駆体を製造した。
第1反応器のpHを11.4に調節した以外は、実施例1と同じ方法で正極活物質前駆体を製造した。
前記実施例1~3および比較例1~5で製造した正極活物質前駆体粒子の粒度分布を確認するために、粒度分布測定装置(Microtrac S3500、Microtrac社製)を用いて、実施例1~3および比較例1~5で生成した正極活物質前駆体の粒度を測定し、その結果を下記表2に示した。
前記実施例1~3および比較例1~5で製造した正極活物質前駆体の生産性を比較するために、同一時間の間に実施例1~3および比較例1~5で製造された前駆体の含量を測定し、その結果を下記表3に示した。
Claims (15)
- 第1反応器に、ニッケル、コバルトおよびマンガンのうち少なくともいずれか一つを含む遷移金属含有溶液、アンモニウムイオン含有溶液および塩基性水溶液を投入して反応溶液を形成し、第1pH条件で共沈反応を行って、遷移金属水酸化物核(seed)を生成する第1ステップと、
前記第1反応器の反応溶液を第2反応器に移送しながら第2pH条件で共沈反応を行って、遷移金属水酸化物核(seed)を成長させる第2ステップと、
前記第2反応器の反応溶液を第3反応器に移送しながら第3pH条件で共沈反応を行って、遷移金属水酸化物粒子を成長させる第3ステップと、
前記第3反応器から遷移金属水酸化物粒子を回収する第4ステップと、を含み、
前記第1反応器、前記第2反応器および前記第3反応器の反応条件が下記式1および式2を満たす、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体の製造方法:
式1:第1pH>第2pH>第3pH
式2:4≦反応溶液の温度[℃]/反応溶液のpH≦6。 - 前記第1pH条件は、pH11~13である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体の製造方法。
- 前記第2pH条件は、pH10~12である、請求項1または2に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体の製造方法。
- 前記第3pH条件は、pH10.5~11.5である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体の製造方法。
- 前記第1反応器で生成された遷移金属水酸化物核(seed)の平均粒径(D 50 )が3.0μm以上になると、前記第2反応器に反応溶液を移送する、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体の製造方法。
- 前記第2反応器内の遷移金属水酸化物核の平均粒径(D50)が3.5μm~8μmになると、前記第3反応器に反応溶液を移送する、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体の製造方法。
- 前記第3反応器から回収された遷移金属水酸化物粒子の平均粒径(D50)が9μm~15μmである、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体の製造方法。
- 前記第1反応器、前記第2反応器および前記第3反応器の反応温度が下記式3を満たす、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体の製造方法:
式3:第1反応器の反応温度≧第2反応器の反応温度≧第3反応器の反応温度。 - 前記第1反応器、前記第2反応器および前記第3反応器の反応溶液の撹拌速度が下記式4を満たす、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体の製造方法:
式4:第1反応器の撹拌速度≧第2反応器の撹拌速度>第3反応器の撹拌速度。 - 前記第2ステップおよび前記第3ステップにおいて、前記第2反応器および前記第3反応器に遷移金属含有溶液、アンモニウムイオン含有溶液および塩基性水溶液をさらに投入する、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体の製造方法。
- 前記第1反応器、前記第2反応器および前記第3反応器に投入される遷移金属含有溶液の投入量が下記式5を満たす、請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体の製造方法:
式5:第1反応器に投入される遷移金属含有溶液の投入量≦第2反応器に投入される遷移金属含有溶液の投入量<第3反応器に投入される遷移金属含有溶液の投入量。 - 前記第1反応器、前記第2反応器および前記第3反応器のサイズが相違する、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質前駆体の製造方法。
- 請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の方法により製造された正極活物質前駆体をリチウム含有原料物質と混合した後、焼成するステップを含む、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 請求項13に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法を含む、リチウム二次電池用正極の製造方法。
- 請求項14に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極の製造方法を含む、リチウム二次電池の製造方法。
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