JP7371246B2 - 電池の電解液用添加剤、リチウムイオン電池の電解液及びリチウムイオン電池 - Google Patents
電池の電解液用添加剤、リチウムイオン電池の電解液及びリチウムイオン電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7371246B2 JP7371246B2 JP2022522353A JP2022522353A JP7371246B2 JP 7371246 B2 JP7371246 B2 JP 7371246B2 JP 2022522353 A JP2022522353 A JP 2022522353A JP 2022522353 A JP2022522353 A JP 2022522353A JP 7371246 B2 JP7371246 B2 JP 7371246B2
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium ion
- electrolyte
- ion battery
- additive
- carbonate
- Prior art date
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 66
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 66
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 56
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims description 54
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 69
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCCO1 ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical group O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IFDLFCDWOFLKEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutylbenzene Chemical compound CCC(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IFDLFCDWOFLKEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OQXNUCOGMMHHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1COS(=O)(=O)O1 OQXNUCOGMMHHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxathiane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCCO1 MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)N)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013100 LiNix Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 28
- -1 nitrile compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 13
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- OMIHGPLIXGGMJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hepta-1,3,5-triene Chemical class C1=CC=C2OC2=C1 OMIHGPLIXGGMJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 125000005373 siloxane group Chemical group [SiH2](O*)* 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)cyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1C1=CCCCC1 GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101150065749 Churc1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102100038239 Protein Churchill Human genes 0.000 description 3
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100314144 Mus musculus Tnip1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZJSTXINDUKPRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum lead Chemical compound [Al].[Pb] IZJSTXINDUKPRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LDVVMCZRFWMZSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N captan Chemical compound C1C=CCC2C(=O)N(SC(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C(=O)C21 LDVVMCZRFWMZSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006257 cathode slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- HEPLMSKRHVKCAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Pb] HEPLMSKRHVKCAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- DZMOLBFHXFZZBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OCC=C DZMOLBFHXFZZBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
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Description
上記の発明の目的を実現するために、本発明で採用された技術的解決策は下記のとおりである。
水はリチウムイオン電池SEIの形成及び電池性能に一定の影響を与え、具体的には電池容量が小さくなったり、放電時間が短くなったり、内部抵抗が増加したり、サイクル容量が減衰したり、電池が膨らんだりし得る。本発明の実施例では、非水有機溶媒を電解液の溶媒成分として採用する。
本発明の実施例において、前記リチウム塩は、リチウムイオン電池でよく使用されるリチウム塩から選択されてよく、ヘキサフルオロリン酸リチウム、過塩素酸リチウム、テトラフルオロホウ酸リチウム、リチウムビス(オキサラト)ボレート、リチウムジフルオロオキサラトボレート、リチウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド、及びリチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドから選択される一つまたは複数を含むが、これらに限定されない。さらに、前記リチウム塩の含有量は、リチウムイオン二次電池の電解液中の質量百分率の10%~18%を占める。
本発明の実施例において、前記添加剤は主に最初の充放電の時の成膜性能を向上させるために用いられる。
EC:炭酸エチレン
EMC:炭酸エチルメチル
DMC:炭酸ジメチル
LiPF6:ヘキサフルオロリン酸リチウム
P1:リン酸アリル
リチウムイオン二次電池は、正極と、負極と、セパレータと、電解液と、を含み、ここで、正極活物質はニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウム(NCM811)材料であり、負極活物質はシリコンカーボン複合材料(Si/C)であり、前記リチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法は以下のステップを含む。
実施例2~実施例10において、電解液の成分が異なる以外、正極、負極、セパレータ、及びリチウムイオン二次電池の製造は、実施例1と同じであり、各実施例における第1類の添加剤(化合物(1)~(7)から選択される少なくとも1つ)の選択及びその含有量は表2に示すとおりである。
比較例1及び比較例2において、電解液中の添加剤の種類及び(電解液の全質量に基づく)含有量が異なる以外、正極、負極、セパレータ、及びリチウムイオン二次電池の製造は、実施例1と同じであり、比較例1及び比較例2における非水有機溶媒、並びに添加剤の種類及び含有量は表2に示すとおりである。
1)容量微分曲線
電池を充填して封止し、48h放置した後、電池をAbinテストベンチ内で0.1Cの定電流で4.2Vまでプリチャージし、その後、2.75Vまで放電し、容量-電圧曲線を導き出した後、スクリーニング及び微分処理を行い、dQ/d V~V曲線を得る。
第N回サイクルの容量維持率(%)=(第N回サイクルの放電容量/第1回サイクルの放電容量)×100%
電池容量維持率(%)=維持容量/初期容量×100%
電池容量回復率(%)=回復容量/初期容量×100%
低温放電維持率(%)=低温放電容量/初期容量×100%
Claims (10)
- 非水有機溶媒、リチウム塩及び添加剤を含むリチウムイオン電池の電解液であって、
前記添加剤は、以下の構造式(2)及び(5)~(7):
- 前記構造式(2)及び(5)~(7)で表される化合物から選択される少なくとも1つを第1類の添加剤とし、且つ前記電解液の全質量を100%として計算すると、前記第1類の添加剤の含有量の質量百分率が0.05%~2%であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン電池の電解液。
- 前記添加剤が、フルオロエチレンカーボネート、炭酸ビニレン、1,3-プロパンスルトン、1,4-ブタンスルトン、1,3-プロペンスルトン、硫酸エチレン、及び硫酸プロピレンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの第2類の添加剤をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項2に記載のリチウムイオン電池の電解液。
- 前記電解液の全質量を100%として計算すると、前記添加剤の含有量の質量百分率の合計が15%以下であることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載のリチウムイオン電池の電解液。
- 前記非水有機溶媒が、炭酸エチレン、炭酸プロピレン、炭酸ブチレン、炭酸ジメチル、炭酸ジエチル、炭酸エチルメチル、炭酸メチルプロピル、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸プロピル、プロピオン酸メチル、プロピオン酸エチル、プロピオン酸プロピル、酪酸メチル、酪酸エチル、γ-ブチロラクトン、γ-バレロラクトン、δ-バレロラクトン、及びε-カプロラクトンから選択される少なくとも1つを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン電池の電解液。
- 前記電解液の全質量を100%として計算すると、前記非水有機溶媒の含有量の質量百分率の合計が55%~75%であることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載のリチウムイオン電池の電解液。
- リチウムイオン電池であって、
前記リチウムイオン電池は、正極と、負極と、セパレータと、電解液と、を含み、且つ、
前記電解液が、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン電池の電解液であることを特徴とする、リチウムイオン電池。 - 前記正極は、遷移金属酸化物である正極活物質を含み、前記負極は、黒鉛及びSiを含む複合材料またはチタン酸リチウムである負極活物質を含むことを特徴とする、請求項7に記載のリチウムイオン電池。
- 前記遷移金属酸化物が、LiNixCoyMnzL(1-x-y-z)O2であり、
Lが、Al、Sr、Mg、Ti、Ca、Zr、Zn、Si、及びFeから選択される1つであり、
x、y、及びzが、0≦x<1、0<y≦1、0≦z<1であり、且つ0<x+y+z≦1であることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載のリチウムイオン電池。 - 以下の構造式(2)及び(5)~(7):
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