JP7191414B2 - リチウム二次電池用分離膜、その製造方法、およびそれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用分離膜、その製造方法、およびそれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7191414B2 JP7191414B2 JP2021504381A JP2021504381A JP7191414B2 JP 7191414 B2 JP7191414 B2 JP 7191414B2 JP 2021504381 A JP2021504381 A JP 2021504381A JP 2021504381 A JP2021504381 A JP 2021504381A JP 7191414 B2 JP7191414 B2 JP 7191414B2
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- lithium secondary
- secondary battery
- separation membrane
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- lithium
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 90
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 7
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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Description
本出願は、2019年5月23日付韓国特許出願第10-2019-0060704号および2020年5月11日付韓国特許出願第10-2020-0055842号に基づく優先権の利益を主張し、当該韓国特許出願の文献に開示されたすべての内容は本明細書の一部として含まれる。
本発明の一実施形態では、内部に複数の第1空隙が形成された基材;前記基材の表面に位置し、無機粒子およびバインダを含み、複数の第2空隙が内部に形成されたコート層;および前記第1空隙の全部および前記第2空隙の全部のうちいずれか一方を選択的に埋めるイオン伝導性ポリマー(F-アイオノマー);を含む、リチウム二次電池用分離膜を提供する。
前記コート層は、当業界に知られているコーティング方法によって前記基材の一面または両面の表面にコートされたものであり得る。当業界に知られているコーティング方法としては、ディップ(Dip)コーティング、ダイ(Die)コーティング、ロール(roll)コーティング、コンマ(comma)コーティング等がある。
前記第1空隙の全部および前記第2空隙の全部のうちいずれか一方を選択的に埋める手段としてイオン伝導性ポリマーが使用されることができる。
前記一実施形態の分離膜は、前記第1空隙の全部および前記第2空隙の全部のうちいずれか一方が選択的に埋められることによって、前記第1空隙の全部および前記第2空隙の全部が開いた場合より減少した気孔度を有し得る。
気孔度(%)=(1-(前記分離膜の測定密度/前記分離膜の理論密度))×100
一方、先立って述べたように、前記第1空隙の全部および前記第2空隙の全部を埋める場合、分離膜を介したリチウムイオン伝導が抑制され、リチウム二次電池が正常に駆動されないこともある。実際に、後述する実験例でこのような分離膜(比較例2)のイオン伝導度を測定した時、20~30℃でイオン伝導度が1×10-4S/cmに過ぎないことが確認された。
前記分離膜の空隙を埋める形態とは関係がなく、前記無機粒子は特に制限されない。すなわち、無機物からなっており、リチウム二次電池の作動電圧範囲(例えば、Li/Li+基準として0~5V)で酸化および/または還元反応が起きないものであれば特に制限されない。ただし、目的とするリチウム二次電池の特性を考慮し、無機粒子の種類を選択することができる。
前記分離膜の空隙を埋める形態とは関係がなく、前記バインダも特に制限されない。前記バインダの場合、互いに異なる無機粒子を互いに接着させ、無機粒子と基材を接着させる機能を有する物質であれば、特に制限されない。
前記分離膜の空隙を埋める形態とは関係がなく、前記コート層内の無機粒子およびバインダの体積比も特に制限されない。
前記一実施形態において、前記基材は特に制限されず、多孔性膜形態であり得る。具体的には、前記基材はポリオレフィン、ポリエステル、ポリスルホン、ポリイミド、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリアミド、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、レーヨン、ガラス繊維、およびこれらの混合物からなる群より選ばれるいずれか一つを含むか、またはこれらの多層膜であり得る。より具体的には、前記多孔性基材はエチレン単独重合体、プロピレン単独重合体、エチレン/ブテン共重合体、エチレン/ヘキセン共重合体およびエチレン/メタクリレート共重合体等のようなポリオレフィン系高分子で製造した多孔性高分子フィルムまたはこれらの2層以上の積層構造体であり得る。
本発明の他の一実施形態では、内部に複数の第1空隙を含む基材を準備する第1段階;前記基材の表面に、無機粒子、バインダ、および複数の第2空隙を含むコート層を形成する第2段階;および前記第1空隙の全部をイオン伝導性ポリマーで埋める、または、前記第2空隙の全部をイオン伝導性ポリマーで埋める第3段階;を含む、リチウム二次電池用分離膜の製造方法を提供する。
前記第1空隙の全部を選択的に埋めた分離膜を製造するための第3段階は、前記第1段階以後および前記第2段階以前に行われ得る。
一方、前記第1空隙の全部を選択的に埋めた分離膜を製造するための第3段階は、前記第2段階と同時に行われ得る。
本発明のまた他の一実施形態では、負極;正極;および前記負極および前記正極の間に位置する前述した一実施形態の分離膜;を含む、リチウム二次電池を提供する。
[式1]容量維持率(%)=100×{nサイクル後の放電容量}/{1サイクル後の放電容量}
一般的に負極は、負極集電体および前記負極集電体上に位置する負極合剤層を含み得る。
前記正極は、正極集電体および前記正極集電体上に位置する正極合剤層を含み得る。
前記リチウム二次電池の電解質は、液体電解質(すなわち、電解液)であってもよく、固体電解質であってもよい。
(1)分離膜の製造
ポリエチレン基材(横×縦×厚さ:40mm×60mm×5μm、気孔度40%)を準備した。
断面積が17cm2の四角形(厚さ:10μm)である銅集電体を負極として使用した(Liフリー負極(Li free anode))。
(1)分離膜の製造
基材、無機粒子、バインダ、F-アイオノマー、および溶媒は、前記実施例1と同じものを準備した。
前記実施例1の分離膜の代わりに前記実施例2の分離膜を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
(1)分離膜の製造
前記無機粒子(Al2O3)、前記バインダ(PVdF)、および前記F-アイオノマーを含むコーティング溶液組成を除いては、前記実施例1と同様の方法で実施例3の分離膜を製造した。
前記実施例1の分離膜の代わりに前記実施例3の分離膜を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
(1)分離膜の製造
基材、無機粒子、バインダ、および溶媒は、前記実施例1と同じものを準備した。
前記実施例1の分離膜の代わりに前記比較例1の分離膜を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
(1)分離膜の製造
前記実施例2と同様の方法でF-アイオノマー溶液(溶液100重量%中、F-アイオノマー含有量30重量%)を製造した。
前記実施例1の分離膜の代わりに前記比較例2の分離膜を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
(1)分離膜の製造
前記無機粒子(Al2O3)、前記バインダ(PVdF)、および前記F-アイオノマーを含むコーティング溶液組成を除いては、前記実施例1と同様の方法で比較例3の分離膜を製造した。
前記実施例1の分離膜の代わりに前記比較例3の分離膜を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
(1)分離膜の製造
比較例2のF-アイオノマー溶液に、前記第1および第2空隙がすべて開いている分離膜を3分間浸漬させた後、これを取り出して1分間水で洗浄した後、乾燥したことを除いては、比較例2と同様の方法で比較例4の分離膜を製造した。
前記実施例1の分離膜の代わりに前記比較例4の分離膜を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
次のような条件で、前記実施例1~3および比較例1~4の各リチウム二次電池に対する充放電サイクル(Cycle)を行った。各リチウム電池の充放電サイクルによる放電容量を一回目のサイクルの放電容量として正規化(Normalize)し、その結果を図1に示した。
放電(Discharge):0.5C、CC、3.0V、カットオフ(cut-off)
前記実験例1により駆動された比較例1のリチウム二次電池の20回目のサイクルで内部短絡が発生したセルを分解して分離膜を回収した。そのため回収された比較例1の分離膜をデジタルカメラとデジタル顕微鏡(Dino-Lite Digital Microscope)でそれぞれ撮影し、それぞれの撮影イメージを図1に示した。
実施例1~3および比較例1~4の各分離膜を円形(断面積:1.7671cm2)に切断した後、2枚のステンレススチール(SUS)の間に配置してコインセルを製作した。分析装置(VMP3,Bio logic science instrument)を用いて60℃で振幅(amplitude)10mVおよびスキャン範囲(scan range)10Khz~100KHz条件で電気化学的インピーダンス分析(Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy)を実施し、これに基づいてイオン伝導度を計算して下記表2に示した。
Claims (10)
- 内部に複数の第1空隙が形成された基材、
前記基材の表面に位置し、無機粒子およびバインダを含み、複数の第2空隙が内部に形成されたコート層、および
前記第1空隙の全部を埋めるイオン伝導性ポリマー、を含む、
リチウム二次電池用分離膜。 - 前記イオン伝導性ポリマーは、フッ素系イオノマー(F-アイオノマー)である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記フッ素系イオノマーはナフィオン(Nafion)系物質である、請求項2に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜。
- 20~30℃で、前記分離膜のイオン伝導度は5.0×10-4S/cm以上である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜。
- 内部に複数の第1空隙を含む基材を準備する第1段階、
前記基材の表面に、無機粒子、バインダ、および複数の第2空隙を含むコート層を形成する第2段階、および
前記第1空隙の全部をイオン伝導性ポリマーで埋める第3段階、を含む、リチウム二次電池用分離膜の製造方法。 - 前記第3段階は、
前記第1段階以後および前記第2段階以前に行われ、
前記第1段階の基材を、イオン伝導性ポリマーを含む溶液に浸漬させる段階、および
前記イオン伝導性ポリマーを含む溶液に浸漬された第1段階の基材を回収して乾燥する段階、を含む、請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜の製造方法。 - 前記第2段階は、
前記第3段階により収得された基材を、無機粒子およびバインダを含む溶液に浸漬させる段階、および
前記無機粒子およびバインダを含む溶液に浸漬された基材を回収して乾燥する段階、を含む、請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池用分離膜の製造方法。 - 負極、
正極、および
前記負極および前記正極の間に位置する請求項1に記載の分離膜、を含む、リチウム二次電池。 - 前記負極は、
銅集電体のみからなるリチウムフリー負極(Li free anode)、または
銅集電体;および前記銅集電体上に位置するリチウム金属層;を含むリチウム金属負極である、請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。 - 前記リチウム二次電池は、20~30℃の温度範囲で、0.1Cの定電流で3Vに到達するまで充電した後0.5Cの定電流で4.25Vに到達するまで放電することを1回の充放電サイクルとする時、下記式1による容量維持率が80%に到達する時点のnが50以上であり、
[式1]
容量維持率(%)=100×{nサイクル後の放電容量}/{1サイクル後の放電容量}
である、請求項8または9に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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JP2021532550A (ja) | 2021-11-25 |
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US20210234234A1 (en) | 2021-07-29 |
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