JP7180382B2 - エチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体組成物、多層構造体および包装体 - Google Patents
エチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体組成物、多層構造体および包装体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7180382B2 JP7180382B2 JP2018562150A JP2018562150A JP7180382B2 JP 7180382 B2 JP7180382 B2 JP 7180382B2 JP 2018562150 A JP2018562150 A JP 2018562150A JP 2018562150 A JP2018562150 A JP 2018562150A JP 7180382 B2 JP7180382 B2 JP 7180382B2
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- carboxylic acid
- aliphatic carboxylic
- metal salt
- acid
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Description
また、近年、インターネットショッピングの普及、発展途上国の経済成長等に伴い、物品流通のボーダーレス化が急速に進み、食品や薬品等の輸送期間が長期化する傾向があり、長期輸送時や取扱中における落下や衝突に対する高い耐衝撃性と、さらに優れたガスバリア性を兼ね備えたEVOH系多層構造体(包装材)が求められている。
本発明で用いるEVOH(A)は、通常、エチレンとビニルエステル系モノマーを共重合させた後にケン化させることにより得られる樹脂であり、エチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体またはエチレン-酢酸ビニル系共重合体ケン化物として知られる非水溶性の熱可塑性樹脂である。重合法も公知の任意の重合法、例えば、溶液重合、懸濁重合、エマルジョン重合を用いることができるが、一般的にはメタノールを溶媒とする溶液重合が用いられる。得られたエチレン-ビニルエステル系共重合体のケン化も公知の方法で行い得る。
本発明のEVOH樹脂組成物は、長周期型周期表第4周期dブロックに属する金属を有する脂肪族カルボン酸〔脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)〕を含有するものであり、上記脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)の炭素数としては、通常3~30、好ましくは4~20、特に好ましくは5~14である。脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)の炭素数が上記範囲内であると、発明の効果がより効果的に得られる傾向がある。
上記脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)は、単一種であっても複数種を併用してもよい。
乾燥した試料を精秤して、恒量化した白金蒸発皿に入れ、電熱器で炭化し、次いでガスバーナーで加熱し、煙が出なくなるまで焼き、さらに電気炉内に上記の白金蒸発皿を入れ、昇温して、完全に灰化させる。これを冷却後、灰化物に塩酸及び純水を入れ、電熱器で加熱して溶解し、メスフラスコに流し込み、純水で容量を一定にして原子吸光分析用の試料とする。この試料を、原子吸光分析用試料中の金属量を原子吸光度法で定量分析することにより、肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)の金属換算での含有量を求めることができる。
本発明のEVOH樹脂組成物は、上記脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)とともにソルビン酸エステル(C)を微量含有することを特徴とする。
本発明者は、EVOHに長周期型周期表第4周期dブロックに属する金属を有する脂肪族カルボン酸〔脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)〕を用いることにより、耐衝撃性が改善することを見出したが、上記脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)単独では耐衝撃性の改善効果が充分に得られないものであった。かかる理由は、上記脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)単独では、それ自体の熱安定性が不充分であり、充分な耐衝撃性の改善効果が得られなかったものと考えられる。これに対し本発明では上記脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)と微量のソルビン酸エステル(C)とを併用することにより、上記脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)の熱安定性が改善され、より優れた耐衝撃性の改善効果が得られたものと考えられる。上記脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)と微量のソルビン酸エステル(C)を併用することにより優れた効果が得られる理由は、ソルビン酸エステル(C)は極性が低く、樹脂中に均一分散しやすいと推測される。かかるソルビン酸エステル(C)が溶融成形時に微量の水分により分解しソルビン酸を生成し、かかるソルビン酸が脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)と相互作用し、金属クラスター錯体のような状態で存在すると推測される。かかる錯体は錯体の外側が脂肪族カルボン酸に由来するカルボニル構造で覆われたエネルギー的に安定な錯体であると推測され、脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)がエネルギー的に安定化することで樹脂組成物の耐衝撃性が向上するものと考えられる。
本発明のEVOH樹脂組成物は、EVOH(A)以外の樹脂を配合しなくても、成膜した際の耐衝撃性に優れるものであるが、より耐衝撃性を高めたり、耐衝撃性以外の機能を付与する目的で、他の熱可塑性樹脂を、EVOH(A)に対して、通常30重量%以下となるような範囲内で含有してもよい。
具体的には、例えば、ポリカプラミド(ナイロン6)、ポリ-ω-アミノヘプタン酸(ナイロン7)、ポリ-ω-アミノノナン酸(ナイロン9)、ポリウンデカンアミド(ナイロン11)、ポリラウリルラクタム(ナイロン12)等のホモポリマーがあげられる。また、共重合ポリアミド系樹脂としては、ポリエチレンジアミンアジパミド(ナイロン26)、ポリテトラメチレンアジパミド(ナイロン46)、ポリヘキサメチレンアジパミド(ナイロン66)、ポリヘキサメチレンセバカミド(ナイロン610)、ポリヘキサメチレンドデカミド(ナイロン612)、ポリオクタメチレンアジパミド(ナイロン86)、ポリデカメチレンアジパミド(ナイロン108)、カプロラクタム/ラウリルラクタム共重合体(ナイロン6/12)、カプロラクタム/ω-アミノノナン酸共重合体(ナイロン6/9)、カプロラクタム/ヘキサメチレンジアンモニウムアジペート共重合体(ナイロン6/66)、ラウリルラクタム/ヘキサメチレンジアンモニウムアジペート共重合体(ナイロン12/66)、エチレンジアミンアジパミド/ヘキサメチレンジアンモニウムアジペート共重合体(ナイロン26/66)、カプロラクタム/ヘキサメチレンジアンモニウムアジペート/ヘキサメチレンジアンモニウムセバケート共重合体(ナイロン66/610)、エチレンアンモニウムアジペート/ヘキサメチレンジアンモニウムアジペート/ヘキサメチレンジアンモニウムセバケート共重合体(ナイロン6/66/610)等の脂肪族ポリアミドや、ポリヘキサメチレンイソフタルアミド、ポリヘキサメチレンテレフタルアミド、ポリメタキシリレンアジパミド、ヘキサメチレンイソフタルアミド/テレフタルアミド共重合体、ポリ-P-フェニレンテレフタルアミドや、ポリ-P-フェニレン・3-4’ジフェニルエーテルテレフタルアミド等の芳香族ポリアミド、非晶性ポリアミド、これらのポリアミド系樹脂をメチレンベンジルアミン、メタキシレンジアミン等の芳香族アミンで変性したものやメタキシリレンジアンモニウムアジペートまたは、これらポリアミド系樹脂の末端を変性させた末端変性ポリアミド系樹脂等があげられる。なかでも、好ましくは末端変性ポリアミド系樹脂である。これらは単独でもしくは2種以上併せて用いることができる。
本発明のEVOH樹脂組成物には、本発明の効果を阻害しない範囲(例えば、通常、EVOH樹脂組成物の10重量%以下、好ましくは5重量%以下)において、一般的にEVOHに配合する配合剤、例えば、熱安定剤、酸化防止剤、帯電防止剤、着色剤、紫外線吸収剤、滑剤、可塑剤、光安定剤、界面活性剤、抗菌剤、乾燥剤、アンチブロッキング剤、難燃剤、架橋剤、発泡剤、結晶核剤、防曇剤、生分解用添加剤、シランカップリング剤、酸素吸収剤、無機フィラー等が含有されていてもよい。これらは単独で、もしくは2種以上併せて用いることができる。
本発明のEVOH樹脂組成物の製造方法は、特に限定するものではないが、例えば、以下の(I)~(IV)に示す方法等があげられる。
(I)EVOH(A)のペレットに脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)およびソルビン酸エステル(C)の少なくとも一方を所定割合で配合して、ドライブレンドする方法(ドライブレンド法)。
(II)EVOH(A)のペレットを脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)およびソルビン酸エステル(C)の少なくとも一方を含有する溶液に浸漬させた後、ペレットを乾燥させる方法(浸漬法)。
(III)EVOH(A)の溶融混練時に脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)およびソルビン酸エステル(C)の少なくとも一方を配合し、その後ペレットを作製する方法(溶融混練法)。
(IV)EVOH(A)を含有した溶液に脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)およびソルビン酸エステル(C)の少なくとも一方を添加して混合後、溶液中の溶剤を除去する方法(溶液混合法)。
これらのなかでも(IV)のEVOH(A)を含有した溶液にソルビン酸エステル(C)を所定割合で配合して、溶剤を除去して得られたEVOH樹脂組成物ペレットに(I)脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)をドライブレンドする方法(ドライブレンド法)および(I)EVOH(A)のペレットに脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)およびソルビン酸エステル(C)を所定割合で配合して、ドライブレンドする方法(ドライブレンド法)が生産性、経済性の点で実用的であり工業上好ましい。また、上記その他の添加剤を配合する場合も上記(I)~(IV)の方法に準じることにより、その他の添加剤を含有するEVOH樹脂組成物が得られる。
[含水率の測定方法]
室温(25℃)下において、EVOH(A)のペレットを試料とし、乾燥前重量(W1)を電子天秤にて秤量する。その後、この試料を150℃の熱風乾燥機中で5時間乾燥させる。乾燥後、デシケーター中で30分間放冷してEVOH(A)のペレットの温度を室温に戻した後の重量(W2)を秤量し、下記式より算出する。
含水率(重量%)=[(W1-W2)/W1]×100
配合後、各成分が均一に分散したEVOH組成物溶液またはペーストを、上記した公知の手法でペレット化する。工業的生産性の点で、好ましくはアンダーウォーターカット法である。得られたペレットは、公知の手法で乾燥する。
本発明の多層構造体は、上記本発明のEVOH樹脂組成物からなる層を少なくとも1層有するものである。本発明のEVOH樹脂組成物からなる層(以下、単に「樹脂組成物層」という。)は、他の基材と積層することで、さらに強度を上げたり、他の機能を付与することができる。
なお、上記層構成において、それぞれの層間には、必要に応じて接着性樹脂層を介してもよい。本発明の樹脂組成物層の少なくとも一方の面に、接着樹脂層を介して、他の機材樹脂層(すなわちEVOH以外の熱可塑性樹脂層)を有する多層構造体である場合、本発明の効果がより効果的に得られる傾向がある。
また、上記多層構造体を製造する過程で発生する端部や不良品等を再溶融成形して得られる、本発明の樹脂組成物と他の基材樹脂もしくは他の基材樹脂と接着性樹脂の混合物を含むリサイクル層をRとするとき、b/R/a、b/R/a/b、b/R/a/R/b、b/a/R/a/b、b/R/a/R/a/R/b等とすることも可能である。本発明の多層構造体の層数は、のべ数にて通常2~15、好ましくは3~10である。
これらの接着性樹脂には、EVOH(A)、他のEVOH、ポリイソブチレン、エチレン-プロピレンゴム等のゴム・エラストマー成分、さらにはポリオレフィン系樹脂層の樹脂等をブレンドすることも可能である。特に、接着性樹脂の母体のポリオレフィン系樹脂と異なるポリオレフィン系樹脂をブレンドすることも可能である。
〔EVOH樹脂組成物の製造〕
EVOH(A)として、エチレン-ビニルアルコール共重合体(a1)〔エチレン構造単位の含有量38モル%、MFR3.7g/10分(210℃、荷重2160g)〕ペレット、脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)としてステアリン酸亜鉛(b1)、ソルビン酸エステル(C)としてソルビン酸メチル(c1)を用いた。また、ステアリン酸亜鉛(b1)をエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体(a1)、ステアリン酸亜鉛(b1)、ソルビン酸メチル(c1)の総和に対して金属換算で45ppm用い、ソルビン酸メチル(c1)をエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体(a1)、ステアリン酸亜鉛(b1)、ソルビン酸メチル(c1)の総和に対して0.005ppm用い、一括でドライブレンドすることにより本発明のEVOH樹脂組成物を製造した。
3種5層多層共押出キャストフィルム製膜装置に、上記で得られたEVOH樹脂組成物、直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン(LLDPE)(日本ポリエチレン社製「UF240」、MFR2.1g/10分〔190℃、荷重2160g〕)、接着樹脂(LyondellBasell社製「PLEXAR PX3236」、MFR2.0g/10分〔190℃、荷重2160g〕)を供給して、下記条件で多層共押出成形により、LLDPE層/接着樹脂層/EVOH樹脂組成物層/接着樹脂層/LLDPE層の3種5層構造の多層構造体(フィルム)を得た。多層構造体の各層の厚み(μm)は、37.5/5/15/5/37.5であった。成形装置のダイ温度は、全て210℃に設定した。
(多層共押出成形条件)
・中間層押出機(EVOH樹脂組成物):40mmφ単軸押出機(バレル温度:210℃)
・上下層押出機(LLDPE):40mmφ単軸押出機(バレル温度:210℃)
・中上下層押出機(接着樹脂):32mmφ単軸押出機(バレル温度:210℃)
・ダイ:3種5層フィードブロック型Tダイ(ダイ温度:210℃)
・引取速度:14m/分
・ロール温度:50℃
上記で製造したEVOH樹脂組成物を10gアルミ皿に測りとり、多層構造体の製造温度と同じ210℃に加熱した際の臭気を下記評価基準にて評価した。
A=臭気が感じられなかった。
B=わずかに臭気が感じられた。
C=はっきりと臭気が感じられた。
D=強烈な臭気が感じられ、作業の継続を断念するレベルであった。
上記で製造した多層構造体の衝撃強度(kgf・cm)を、23℃、50%RHの雰囲気中で、YSS式フィルムインパクトテスター(安田精機製作所社製、型式181)を用いて評価した。測定は計5回行い、その平均値を多層構造体の衝撃強度として評価した。
なお、クランプ内径は60mm、衝撃球は半径12.7mmのものを用い、振り子の持ち上げ角度90°とした。
上記で得られた多層構造体のガスバリア性(20℃、65%RH)を、酸素ガス透過量測定装置(MOCON社製、OX-TRAN 2/21)を用いて評価した。その結果を、後記の表1に示す。
実施例1において、ソルビン酸メチル(c1)をエチレン-ビニルアルコール共重合体(a1)、ステアリン酸亜鉛(b1)、ソルビン酸メチル(c1)の総和に対して0.5ppm用いた以外は同様に行い、EVOH樹脂組成物および多層構造体を作製した。得られたEVOH樹脂組成物および多層構造体について、実施例1と同様に評価した。
実施例1において、ステアリン酸亜鉛(b1)の代わりにカプリル酸亜鉛(b2)を用いた以外は同様に行い、EVOH樹脂組成物および多層構造体を作製した。得られたEVOH樹脂組成物および多層構造体について、実施例1と同様に評価した。
実施例2において、ステアリン酸亜鉛(b1)の代わりにカプリル酸亜鉛(b2)を用いた以外は同様に行い、EVOH樹脂組成物および多層構造体を作製した。得られたEVOH樹脂組成物および多層構造体について、実施例1と同様に評価した。
実施例1において、ソルビン酸メチル(c1)を用いなかった以外は同様に行い、EVOH樹脂組成物および多層構造体を作製した。得られたEVOH樹脂組成物および多層構造体について、実施例1と同様に評価した。
実施例3において、ソルビン酸メチル(c1)を用いなかった以外は同様に行い、EVOH樹脂組成物および多層構造体を作製した。得られたEVOH樹脂組成物および多層構造体について、実施例1と同様に評価した。
実施例1において、ステアリン酸亜鉛(b1)を用いなかった以外は同様に行い、EVOH樹脂組成物および多層構造体を作製した。得られたEVOH樹脂組成物および多層構造体について、実施例1と同様に評価した。
実施例1において、ステアリン酸亜鉛(b1)の代わりにステアリン酸ナトリウム(b3)を用いた以外は同様に行い、EVOH樹脂組成物および多層構造体を作製した。得られたEVOH樹脂組成物および多層構造体について、実施例1と同様に評価した。
実施例1において、ソルビン酸メチル(c1)をエチレン-ビニルアルコール共重合体(a1)、ステアリン酸亜鉛(b1)、ソルビン酸メチル(c1)の総和に対して15ppm用いた以外は同様に行い、EVOH樹脂組成物および多層構造体を作製した。得られたEVOH樹脂組成物および多層構造体について、実施例1と同様に評価した。
実施例1において、ソルビン酸メチル(c1)をエチレン-ビニルアルコール共重合体(a1)、ステアリン酸亜鉛(b1)、ソルビン酸メチル(c1)の総和に対して30ppm用いた以外は同様に行い、EVOH樹脂組成物を作製した。得られたEVOH樹脂組成物から多層構造体の作製を行ったが、強烈な臭気により多層構造体の作製を断念した。また、上記EVOH樹脂組成物について、実施例1と同様に評価した。
また、ソルビン酸エステル(C)を30ppm配合した樹脂組成物を用いた場合(比較例6)、加熱時に強烈な臭気が発生し、作業を継続することができなかった。
Claims (5)
- エチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体(A)、脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)およびソルビン酸エステル(C)を含有するエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体組成物であって、上記脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)の脂肪族カルボン酸が、炭素数3~30の飽和脂肪族モノカルボン酸であり、金属種が、長周期型周期表第4周期dブロックに属する金属であり、かつ上記ソルビン酸エステル(C)の含有量が、エチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体(A)、脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)およびソルビン酸エステル(C)の含有量の総和の0.00001~10ppmであることを特徴とするエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体組成物。
- 上記脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)の金属換算での含有量が、エチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体(A)、脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)およびソルビン酸エステル(C)の含有量の総和の1~500ppmであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体組成物。
- 上記ソルビン酸エステル(C)の含有量に対する脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)の金属換算含有量比(脂肪族カルボン酸金属塩(B)の金属換算含有量/ソルビン酸エステル(C)の含有量)が、重量基準で5~20000であることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載のエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体組成物。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のエチレン-ビニルアルコール系共重合体組成物からなる層を有することを特徴とする多層構造体。
- 上記請求項4記載の多層構造体からなることを特徴とする包装体。
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