JP7168762B2 - 固体電解質膜、その製造方法及びそれを含む全固体電池 - Google Patents
固体電解質膜、その製造方法及びそれを含む全固体電池 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Description
図1aは、本発明の一実施形態による電解質膜100の概略的な構成を示した断面模式図である。本発明の電解質膜は、第1電解質層と第2電解質層との間に基材層が挿入されている形態で構成されている。前記基材層は、多孔性基材、及び前記多孔性基材の気孔に充填されて複合化している固体電解質材料を含む。前記電解質膜は、後述するように、前記第1電解質層及び第2電解質層が前記多孔性基材の上面及び下面に積層された後、加圧によって電解質層の一部厚さが多孔性基材内に押し込まれ、多孔性基材の気孔が前記電解質層で充填されて形成されたものであって、多孔性基材内部の気孔の少なくとも一部が充填され、第1電解質層及び第2電解質層の一部厚さが基材の外部に維持された形態である。本発明の一実施形態において、加圧の程度、多孔性基材の厚さ、多孔性基材の気孔度、第1及び第2電解質層の厚さなどの材料的特性、または工程条件によって、第1電解質層及び第2電解質層が基材層の外部に維持されず(すなわち、基材層の表面に電解質層が残らず)、電解質層全体が基材層内に押し込まれた形態の電解質膜も可能である。
b)a)の多孔性フィルムが2層以上積層された多層膜
c)高分子樹脂を溶融/紡糸して得られたフィラメントを集積して製造された不織布ウェブ
d)b)の不織布ウェブが2層以上積層された多層膜
e)a)~d)のうち二つ以上を含む多層構造の多孔性複合膜
実施例1~4
ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量(Mw):1,000,000)を用意し、これをLiTFSIと混合して高分子電解質を得た。前記高分子電解質において、PEOとLiTFSIとは[EO:Li+]=9:1のモル比で用意した。前記高分子電解質をアセトニトリルと60℃で一晩撹拌して約10wt%の高分子溶液を用意した。次いで、常温でポリエチレンテレフタレート離型フィルムに前記高分子溶液をドクターブレードを用いて塗布し乾燥して厚さ約100μmの電解質フィルムを得た。このような電解質フィルムを2枚用意した。
粉末状の高分子(ポリエチレンオキサイド、PEO、Mw=600,000g/mol)及びリチウム塩(LiTFSI)を溶媒(アセトニトリル)に投入し混合して高分子溶液を製造した。このとき、固形分の含量は50%であり、PEOとLiTFSとは[EO]/[Li+]=14:1(モル比)にした。
実施例1と同じ方法で電解質フィルムを収得した。次いで、実施例1で使用したものと同じ不織布の一面のみに前記電解質フィルムを積層して積層構造体を得た。その後、前記積層構造体の両面を離型フィルムで覆った後、実施例と同じ条件でロールプレス工程を行って電解質膜を得た。
実施例1と同じ方法で積層構造体を収得した。その両側に離型フィルムを配置し、ホットプレス工程を用いて電解質フィルムを不織布内に押し込んで不織布を充填した。ホットプレス工程の条件は下記の表3のようであった。収得された固体電解質膜は、気孔度が約8%であり、イオン伝導度が約5×10-5S/cmであった。しかし、ホットプレス工程では面積4.5×4.5cm以上の電解質膜を製造し難くて、大面積の薄膜固体電解質膜の製造工程として望ましくなかった。
実施例1と同じ方法で固体電解質フィルムを2枚収得した。不織布を用意し、該不織布の両面にそれぞれ固体電解質フィルムを配置して積層構造体を用意し、該積層構造体の両面に離型フィルムを配置した。これを実施例1と同じ方法でロールプレス工程を行って電解質膜を収得した。図3及び図4は、比較例4で得られた固体電解質膜の写真イメージである。これを参照すると、比較例4の場合、電解質フィルムと離型フィルムとが接着して不織布基材内に電解質フィルムが十分に充填されなかった。
それぞれの実施例及び比較例で収得した固体電解質膜を1.7671cm2の大きさに切断し、これを二枚のステンレス鋼(SUS)の間に配置してコインセルを製作した。これを分析装置(VMP3、バイオロジック社製)を使用して60℃、振幅10mV及びスキャンレンジ500kHz~0.1mHzの条件で電気化学的インピーダンスを測定した。
それぞれの実施例及び比較例で収得した固体電解質膜を1.7671cm2の大きさに切断し、重さと体積を測定した後(見掛け密度の測定)、これを設計寸法(真密度)と比べて気孔度を計算した。すなわち、収得された固体電解質膜に含まれた材料の組成比と各成分の密度からそれぞれの固体電解質膜の真密度を計算し、見掛け密度と真密度との差から気孔度を計算した。
正極活物質としてNCM811(LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2)、導電材として気相成長炭素繊維(VGCF)、及び高分子固体電解質(PEOとLiTFSI(CF3SO2NLiSO2CF3)との混合物、EO:Li+=9:1(モル比))を80:3:17の重量比で混合してアセトニトリルに投入し撹拌して電極スラリーを製造した。厚さ20μmのアルミニウム集電体を用意した。前記スラリーをドクターブレードを用いて前記集電体に塗布し、その結果物を120℃で4時間真空乾燥した。ロールプレス装置を用いて圧延工程を行い、3mAh/cm2の電極ローディング、電極活物質層の厚さ86μm、気孔度16%の電極(正極)を収得した。これを1.4875cm2の円形に打ち抜いて用意した。また、1.7671cm2の円形で切断した負極を用意した。該負極は厚さ10μmの銅素材の集電体の表面に厚さ40μmのリチウム金属を接合したものである。これら二つの電極の間に実施例1~4、比較例1及び比較例2で収得した固体電解質膜を1.7671cm2の大きさで切断して介在させて電池を製造した。製造した電池を約60℃の条件で充放電を行って初期放電容量を評価した。
-放電条件:CC(定電流)3V
11…第1保護層、第2保護層及び多孔性基材
12…電解質フィルム
20…離型フィルム
31、32…加圧ローラー
100…固体電解質膜
Claims (13)
- 第1保護層、フィルム状の第1固体電解質材料、多孔性基材、フィルム状の第2固体電解質材料、第2保護層を順次に積層して積層構造体を用意する段階と、
前記積層構造体を加圧して前記第1固体電解質材料及び前記第2固体電解質材料を前記多孔性基材の内部に押し込み、前記多孔性基材の気孔を前記第1及び第2固体電解質材料で充填させる段階と、
前記第1保護層及び前記第2保護層を除去する段階と、を含み、
前記加圧はロールプレス方法で行われ、
前記第1固体電解質材料及び前記第2固体電解質材料が、高分子系固体電解質材料である、全固体電池用固体電解質膜の製造方法。 - 前記加圧の前に積層構造体の両面にそれぞれ離型フィルムをさらに配置し、加圧した後、前記第1保護層、前記第2保護層及び前記離型フィルムを除去する、請求項1に記載の全固体電池用固体電解質膜の製造方法。
- 前記第1固体電解質材料及び前記第2固体電解質材料が、高分子樹脂とリチウム塩とが混合されたものであって、1×10-7S/cm以上のイオン伝導度を示す、請求項1または2に記載の全固体電池用固体電解質膜の製造方法。
- 前記第1保護層及び前記第2保護層として前記多孔性基材と同じものを使用する、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の全固体電池用固体電解質膜の製造方法。
- 前記第1保護層及び前記第2保護層が、前記多孔性基材と成分及び含量の面で同一材料を使用して同じ工程条件で製造された、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の全固体電池用固体電解質膜の製造方法。
- 前記多孔性基材、前記第1保護層及び前記第2保護層が同じ接触角を有する、請求項5に記載の全固体電池用固体電解質膜の製造方法。
- 前記多孔性基材が複数の気孔を有する高分子フィルムまたは不織布である、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の全固体電池用固体電解質膜の製造方法。
- 前記高分子樹脂が、ポリエーテル系高分子、ポリカーボネート系高分子、アクリレート系高分子、ポリシロキサン系高分子、ホスファゼン系高分子、ポリエチレン誘導体、ポリエチレンオキサイドのようなアルキレンオキサイド誘導体、リン酸エステルポリマー、ポリアジテーションリシン、ポリエステルスルフィド、ポリビニルアルコール及びポリフッ化ビニリデンからなる群より選択された1種または2種以上の混合物である、請求項3に記載の全固体電池用固体電解質膜の製造方法。
- 前記第1固体電解質材料と前記第2固体電解質材料とが同一材料を使用して同じ工程条件で製造された、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の全固体電池用固体電解質膜の製造方法。
- 前記第1固体電解質材料と前記第2固体電解質材料とが同じ厚さを有する、請求項9に記載の全固体電池用固体電解質膜の製造方法。
- 前記第1及び第2固体電解質材料の押込みが前記積層構造体を加圧することで行われ、前記加圧がロールプレスによって行われる、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の全固体電池用固体電解質膜の製造方法。
- 前記第1固体電解質材料及び前記第2固体電解質材料の少なくとも一つが、加圧前の多孔性基材の表面のうち特定の局所部分に偏在して配置される状態で用意される、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の全固体電池用固体電解質膜の製造方法。
- 前記加圧が加熱条件で行われる、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の全固体電池用固体電解質膜の製造方法。
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