JP7097498B2 - 断熱材 - Google Patents
断熱材 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7097498B2 JP7097498B2 JP2021172285A JP2021172285A JP7097498B2 JP 7097498 B2 JP7097498 B2 JP 7097498B2 JP 2021172285 A JP2021172285 A JP 2021172285A JP 2021172285 A JP2021172285 A JP 2021172285A JP 7097498 B2 JP7097498 B2 JP 7097498B2
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 156
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 80
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 53
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 41
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 40
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 36
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 34
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 32
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012210 heat-resistant fiber Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 8
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
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- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
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- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000694440 Colpidium aqueous Species 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO Inorganic materials [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- FGZBFIYFJUAETR-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;magnesium;silicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] FGZBFIYFJUAETR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012701 inorganic fiber precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013521 mastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NOTVAPJNGZMVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium monoxide Inorganic materials [K]O[K] NOTVAPJNGZMVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008137 solubility enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/078—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing an oxide of a divalent metal, e.g. an oxide of zinc
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- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/001—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating directly with other burned ceramic articles
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- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
- C04B35/22—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in calcium oxide, e.g. wollastonite
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/24—Alkaline-earth metal silicates
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- C03C10/00—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition
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- C03C10/00—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition
- C03C10/0009—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition containing silica as main constituent
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- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
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- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
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- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/0007—Compositions for glass with special properties for biologically-compatible glass
- C03C4/0014—Biodegradable glass
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- C04B30/00—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
- C04B30/02—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders containing fibrous materials
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Description
61.0~70.8wt%のSiO2;
28.0~39.0wt%のCaO;
0.10~0.85wt%のMgO;および
100wt%までの残りを提供する他の成分(存在する場合)、
SiO2およびCaOの合計は98.8wt%以上であり、他の成分は0.70wt%未満のAl2O3(存在する場合)を含む。
65.7~69.0wt%のSiO2;
30.0~34.2wt%のCaO;
0.10~0.60wt%のMgO;
0~0.50wt%のAl2O3;ならびに
SiO2およびCaOの合計は99.0wt%以上である。
65.7~69.0wt%のSiO2;
30.0~34.2wt%のCaO;
0.10~0.45wt%のMgO;
0~0.40wt%のAl2O3;ならびに
SiO2およびCaOの合計は、99.2wt%以上である。
・0.10~0.60wt%のAl2O3または0.20~0.55wt%のAl2O3または0.23~0.50wt%のAl2O3または0.24~0.45wt%のAl2O3または0.25~0.40wt%のAl2O3または0.25~0.35wt%のAl2O3;および/または
・0~0.50wt%のアルカリ金属酸化物または0.01~0.40wt%のアルカリ金属酸化物または0.05~0.30wt%または0.06~0.25wt%または0.07~0.20wt%または0.08~0.18wt%のアルカリ金属酸化物、または0~0.25wt%のアルカリ金属酸化物、または0~0.20wt%のアルカリ金属酸化物。
BaO:0~0.05wt%または>0~0.01wt%
B2O3:0~0.1wt%または>0~0.05wt%
Cr2O3:0~0.08wt%または>0~0.03wt%
Fe2O3:0~0.25wt%または>0~0.15wt%
HfO2:0~0.05wt%または>0~0.01wt%
La2O3:0~0.1wt%または>0~0.03wt%
Mn3O4:0~0.05wt%または>0~0.01wt%
Li2O:0~0.15wt%または>0~0.08wt%
Na2O:0~0.15wt%または>0~0.08wt%
K2O:0~0.5wt%または>0~0.20wt%
P2O5:0~0.05wt%または>0~0.01wt%
SrO:0~0.08wt%または>0~0.03wt%
TiO2:0~0.08wt%または>0~0.03wt%
V2O5:0~0.05wt%または>0~0.01wt%
SnO2:0~0.05wt%または>0~0.01wt%
ZnO:0~0.05wt%または>0~0.01wt%
ZrO2:0~0.1wt%または>0~0.02wt%
66.0~69.0wt%のSiO2または(65.7~69.0wt%)のSiO2;
30.0~34.0wt%のCaOまたは(30.0~34.2wt%)のCaO;
0.10~0.45wt%(または0.1~0.45wt%;または0.1~0.60wt%)のMgO
0~0.35wt%(または0.1~0.35wt%;または0~0.45wt%;または0~0.60wt%)のAl2O3
0~0.20wt%(または0.05~0.18wt%)のアルカリ金属酸化物、ならびに
SiO2およびCaOの合計は99.0wt%以上である。
a.前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の無機繊維;および
b.Al2O3リッチ耐熱要素、
無機繊維および耐熱要素は接触して係合する。
・シリカおよびカルシア源を一緒に合わせること;
・シリカおよびカルシアを溶融し、溶融塊を形成させること;ならびに
・溶融物から前記無機繊維を形成すること。
EN1094-1-2008標準を収縮、引張強さおよび弾力性試験のために使用した。
ショット含有率は、国際公開第2017/121770号(参照により本明細書に組み込まれる)で詳述されるジェットシーブ法により決定された。
耐熱ガラス繊維絶縁材料を含む耐熱材料の寸法安定性の決定のための方法はEN ISO 10635に基づく。この方法は、熱処理後の平面供試体の線寸法の変化を測定する収縮試験である。
50mm×100mmのおおよその寸法を有するニードリングされた繊維ブランケット供試体をこの試験のために使用した。ブランケット供試体を未使用のムライト耐火断熱れんが(JM28IFB)上に置いた。供試体を、IFB基材と共に、1200℃で24時間加熱処理し、熱処理後の反応性を確認した。供試体およびIFBを溶融または反応の兆候について調べた。IFBと全く反応しなかった試料を良と評価した(○)。IFBと反応した試料(試料がIFBに付着し、または、溶融の兆候が観察された)を不良と評価した(×)。
繊維状材料の生物学的溶解度は、材料がフロースルー装置において模擬体液に曝露される系において推定することができる(すなわち、インビトロ)。溶解度のこの測定は単位表面積あたりの質量の減少率として規定される(Kdis)。この測定を標準化するためにいくつかの試みがなされてきたが、現在のところ国際標準は存在しない。研究室間の主なプロトコルの違いとしては、異なる模擬体液化学(最も重大なことには、異なる緩衝および有機成分)、流速、試料の質量および/または表面積、比表面積についての決定方法、および質量損失の決定が挙げられる。その結果として、Kdis値は、ヒト肺における繊維状粒子の絶対溶解度の測定値としてではなく、試験の特定のパラメータ下での模擬体液との化学反応性の相対的推定値としてみなされるべきである。この研究で使用されるフロースルー溶解度試験法は、pH7.4生理食塩水中での3週間にわたる溶解度試験である。2チャネルの各固有の供試体を同時に試験する。繊維供試体上を流れる生理食塩水溶液の試料を1、4、7、11、14、19および21日後に採取する。生理食塩水試料を、ICP法を使用して分析し、ppmレベルの酸化物溶解レベルを測定する。フロー試験結果を立証し、各供試体について最終溶解率を計算するために、サンプリング時間に対する残りの繊維質量の平方根をプロットする。線形傾向からの逸脱は、結果に関する問題を示唆することができる。この研究で実施したフロー試験結果において良好な線形回帰フィットが観察された。著者らが収集した履歴データに基づき、繊維が免責の可能性を有するには最低150ng/cm2hr溶解率が要求される。静的溶解度試験法では、繊維供試体は、肺内の条件を再現するために37℃の生理食塩水溶液中で撹拌される。試験は、5または24時間後に、ICP法を使用して繊維溶解をモニタする。
弾力性試験(EN1094-1-2008)は、それらの初期厚さの50%まで圧縮された後にはね返る繊維絶縁生成物の能力を証明する。この文書における弾力性試験のための試料はニードリングされたブランケット形態とした。製造されたままのまたは熱処理されたブランケット供試体を100mm×100mm四角に切断し、110℃±5℃で12時間乾燥させ、吸収された水分を除去した。供試体をその後、室温まで冷却させ、次いで、直ちに試験した。ブランケット供試体の初期厚さを、弾力性試験の前にピンアンドディスク法を用いて測定した。150mm直径の平面圧縮プラテンが備えられたInstron(登録商標)ユニバーサルメカニカル試験フレームを弾力性試験のために使用した。試験中、供試体を2mm/分の速度でそれらの元の厚さの50%まで圧縮し、次いで、供試体を圧縮下で5分間保持した。その後、供試体を、圧縮プラテンを持ち上げることによりはね返らせ、725Pa(供試体≧96kg/m3嵩密度について)または350Pa(供試体<96kg/m3嵩密度について)をロードセル上で記録し、次いで、さらに5分間保持した。この試験後、弾力性値を、下記式を用いて計算した:
ブランケットの分断強度を、室温で試験片の破裂を引き起こすことにより決定する。試料を、型板(230±5mm×75±2mm)を使用して切断する。試料を110℃で一定質量となるまで乾燥させ、室温まで冷却し、次いで、直ちに測定し、試験する。
R(m)=引張強さ(kPa)
F=最大分断力(N)
W=試験片の活性部分の初期幅(mm)
T=試験片の初期厚さ(mm)
試験結果は、生成物の嵩密度と共にこれらの引張強さ測定の平均として表される。
繊維直径測定を、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を使用して実施した。SEMは材料の微視的詳細の高倍率観察を実施するために使用されるマイクロ分析技術である。SEMはタングステンフィラメントを使用し、電子ビームを発生させ、次いで、電子ビームは供試体の選択された領域上でラスター化され、供試体により生成された信号が検出器により記録され、処理されて、コンピュータ上の画像表示となる。様々な検出器が試料により生成される信号を記録するために使用することができ、二次電子および後方散乱電子検出器が挙げられる。
熱処理された繊維材料についての結晶粒度測定を、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を使用して実施した。SEMは材料の微視的詳細の高倍率観察を実施するために使用されるマイクロ分析技術である。SEMはタングステンフィラメントを使用して、電子ビームを発生させ、次いで、電子ビームは供試体の選択された領域上でラスター化され、供試体により生成された信号が検出器により記録され、処理されて、コンピュータ上の画像表示となる。様々な検出器が試料により生成される信号を記録するために使用することができ、二次電子および後方散乱電子検出器が挙げられる。
繊維の溶融温度をDSC(30℃から1500℃までの10k/分の温度増加)により決定した。試料26b(50mgの、繊維から細かく砕いた微細粉末)は1435.3℃の溶融温度を有した。
繊維組成を、標準XRF法を使用して決定した。SiO2、CaO、K2O、Al2O3、MgOおよび表5に列挙される酸化物成分について分析を実施した後、結果を正規化した。組成物の総重量が98.0wt%~102.0wt%の範囲の外側にあった場合、正規化されていない結果を廃棄した。
表2及び3を参照すると、実施例1~26および比較例C1~C4によれば、無機繊維の組成が総組成の%重量として示される。
原料中の随伴不純物の効果を評価するために、超高純度試料(24)を、シリカ(SiO2:99.951wt%、Al2O3:0.038wt%、Fe2O3:0.012wt%)およびカルシア(CaO:99.935wt%、SiO2:0.011wt%、Al2O3:0.012wt%、Fe2O3:0.011wt%、SrO:0.031wt%)を使用して生成させた。残りの成分はXRF検出限界未満であった(<0.01wt%)。
最低収縮(最良高温性能)を試料32及び33において観察した。試料33は添加物のない対照試料であった。一方、試料Fはわずかに上昇したMgOレベルを有するが、両方の試料において、SiO2およびCaOの合計は99.0wt%を超える。試料32は、試料C-30~33の収縮とMgO含量の間の相関において異常であると考えられる。同様に、実施例37もまた、疑わしい結果であると考えられ、収縮結果は4%未満であると予測される。結果から、一般に、CaO+SiO2レベルが高いほど、収縮試験により測定すると、改善された高温安定性を有する繊維組成物に対応することが示される。
超高純度原料は繊維を形成するのが困難であり、繊維が形成された場合、収率が低く、繊維直径は大きくなった(例えば>500μm)。図1に示されるように、繊維の表面は5μmに近づいている平均結晶粒度を含み、亀裂もまた観察される。表面結晶の出現率もまた、従来技術の高純度試料上で注目され(図2)、約1μmの平均結晶粒度を有した。
溶融形成された繊維の物体(例えば、ブランケットまたは他の生成物形態)の熱伝導率を、特に下記を含む多くの因子により決定する:
・繊維の直径;および
・「ショット」(非繊維化材料)含量
以下、表9について説明すると、生体溶解度試験についてのデータが示されている。
上記結果により、本開示の繊維組成物は、1つ以上の繊維特性を向上させるためにかなりの量の添加物を意図的に追加する必要なく、優れた有用性を有する耐熱繊維を生成することができることが強調される。この予想外の結果はまた、その生成に必要とされる原料の数が低減されるために、より低いカーボンフットプリントを有する耐熱繊維の生成を可能にする。
関連する性能判断基準を満たすことが課せられた、本発明の繊維は繊維状無機材料、特にアルカリ土類ケイ酸塩およびアルミノシリケート材料がこれまで使用されてきた任意の目的のために使用することができ;ならびに、繊維特性が適切である将来の適用において使用され得る。下記では、適用のための関連する性能判断基準を満たすことが課せられた繊維が使用され得る、出願に関連する多くの特許文献に言及される。本発明の繊維は、関連する性能判断基準を満たすことが課せられた、これらの出願のいずれかで特定された繊維の代わりに使用することができる。
・バルク材料;
・脱ショット(デショット:deshotted)材料[国際公開第2013/094113号];
・マスチックまたは成形可能組成物において[国際公開第2013/080455号、国際公開第2013/080456号]またはウェット物品の一部として[国際公開第2012/132271号];
・ニードリングされた、または別様に絡み合わされた[国際公開第2010/077360号、国際公開第2011/084487号]、材料の組み立て品において、例えばブランケット、折り畳まれたブランケットモジュール、または高密度繊維ブロックの形態での[国際公開第2013/046052号]構成要素として;
・ニードリングされていない材料の組み立て品、例えばフェルト、真空成形形状[国際公開第2012/132469号]、または紙[国際公開第2008/136875号、国際公開第2011/040968号、国際公開第2012/132329号、国際公開第2012/132327号]の構成要素として;
・ボード、ブロックおよびより複雑な形状の構成要素として(フィラーおよび/またはバインダを有する)[国際公開第2007/143067号、国際公開第2012/049858号、国際公開第2011/083695号、国際公開第2011/083696号];
・例えば、繊維強化セメント、繊維強化プラスチックなどの複合材料における強化構成要素として、および、金属マトリックス複合材料の成分として;
・自動車排気系触媒コンバータおよびディーゼル微粒子フィルタなどの公害防止装置における触媒体のための支持構造において[国際公開第2013/015083号](下記を含む支持構造が挙げられる):
oエッジ保護材[国際公開第2010/024920号、国際公開第2012/021270号];
o微小孔性材料[国際公開第2009/032147号、国際公開第2011/019394、国際公開第2011/019396号];
o有機バインダおよび抗酸化物[国際公開第2009/032191号];
o膨張材料[国際公開第2009/032191号];
oナノフィブリル化繊維[国際公開第2012/021817号];
oミクロスフェア[国際公開第2011/084558号];
oコロイド材料[国際公開第2006/004974号、国際公開第2011/037617号]
o配向繊維層[国際公開第2011/084475号];
o異なる坪量を有する部分[国際公開第2011/019377号];
o異なる繊維を含む層[国際公開第2012065052号];
o被覆繊維[国際公開第2010122337号];
o特定の角度で切断されたマット[国際公開第2011067598号];
[注意:上記特徴の全ては触媒体のための支持構造以外の適用において使用され得る]
・触媒体の構成要素として[国際公開第2010/074711号];
・摩擦材料の構成要素として[例えば、自動車ブレーキ用[特開昭56-16578号公報]];
・防火のため[国際公開第2011/060421号、国際公開第2011/060259号、国際公開第2012/068427号、国際公開第2012/148468号、国際公開第2012/148469号、国際公開第2013074968号];
・絶縁として、例えば;
oエチレンクラッカー[国際公開第2009/126593号]、水素改質装置[米国特許第4690690号明細書]のための絶縁として;
o鉄および鋼を含む金属の熱処理のための炉における絶縁として[米国特許第4504957号明細書];
セラミック製造のための装置における絶縁として。
繊維の形成またはその後において、それらは材料を繊維に適用することにより処理され得る。
・潤滑剤は繊維のニードリングまたは他の処理を支援するために繊維に適用され得る;
・コーティングはバインダとして作用するように繊維に適用され得る;
・コーティングは強化または他の効果を提供するために繊維に適用され得る、例えばリン酸塩[国際公開第2007/005836号]金属酸化物[国際公開第2011159914]ならびにアルミナ、シリカおよびジルコニアなどのコロイド材料[国際公開第2006/004974号];
・バインダはそのような繊維を含む物体中への組み入れの後で繊維を結合させるために繊維に適用され得る。
Claims (26)
- 61.0~70.8wt%のSiO2;
28.0~39.0wt%のCaO;
0.10~0.85wt%のMgO
100wt%までの残りを提供する他の成分
を含む組成を有し、
SiO2およびCaOの合計は98.8wt%以上であり、前記他の成分は0.01wt以上0.70wt%未満のAl2O 3 を含み、1100℃で24時間の熱処理後、0.90μm以下の平均結晶子サイズを有する表面結晶粒を含む、無機繊維。 - 0.01~0.65wt%未満のAl2O3を含む、請求項1に記載の無機繊維。
- 前記他の成分は、前記無機繊維の前記組成の少なくとも0.3wt%を占める、請求項1又は2に記載の無機繊維。
- SiO2+CaO+MgOの合計は前記繊維組成の99.3wt%以上である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の無機繊維。
- SiO2+CaO+MgO+Al2O3の合計は前記繊維組成の99.5wt%以上である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の無機繊維。
- 前記繊維組成物は、0.80wt%未満のMgOを含む、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の無機繊維。
- Al2O3の量は0.35wt%未満である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の無機繊維。
- SiO2およびCaOの合計は99.0wt%以上である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の無機繊維。
- SiO2およびCaOの合計は99.1wt%以上である、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の無機繊維。
- SiO2およびCaOの合計は99.2wt%以上である、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の無機繊維。
- 前記組成物は、70.0wt%未満のSiO2を含む、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の無機繊維。
- 前記組成物は、64.5wt%超のSiO2を含む、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の無機繊維。
- 前記組成物は、65.7wt%以上のSiO2を含む、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の無機繊維。
- 前記他の成分の合計は、前記繊維組成の0.05~1.0wt%の範囲であり、前記他の成分はランタニド、Li、Na、K、Sr、Ba、Cr、Fe、Zn、Y、Zr、Hf;B、Pまたはそれらの組み合わせの1つ以上の酸化物を含む、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の無機繊維。
- 前記他の成分の合計は、ランタニド、Sr、Ba、Cr、Zrまたはそれらの組み合わせの1つ以上の酸化物を含む、請求項14に記載の無機繊維。
- 前記他の成分の合計は、0.1~0.8wt%の範囲である、請求項14または15に記載の無機繊維。
- 前記組成物は、
65.7~69.0wt%のSiO2;
30.0~34.2wt%のCaO;
0.10~0.60wt%のMgO;
0.01~0.50wt%のAl2O3
を含み
SiO2およびCaOの合計は99.0wt%以上である、請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の無機繊維。 - 前記組成物は、:
65.7~69.0wt%のSiO2;
30.0~34.2wt%のCaO;
0.10~0.45wt%のMgO;
0.01~0.40wt%のAl2O3
を含み
SiO2およびCaOの合計は、99.2wt%以上である、請求項1~17のいずれか一項に記載の無機繊維。 - 前記他の成分は0~0.25wt%のアルカリ金属酸化物を含む、請求項1~18のいずれか一項に記載の無機繊維。
- 前記他の成分は0~0.20wt%のアルカリ金属酸化物を含む、請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の無機繊維。
- 前記算術平均繊維直径は6.0μm未満である、請求項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の無機繊維。
- 請求項1~21のいずれか一項に記載の無機繊維を含む断熱材。
- 請求項1~21に記載の無機繊維のブランケットの形態の、請求項23に記載の断熱材。
- 1200℃以上の温度での請求項1~21のいずれかに記載の無機繊維の使用。
- 1260℃以上の温度での請求項1~21のいずれかに記載の無機繊維の使用。
- 1280℃以上の温度での請求項1~21のいずれかに記載の無機繊維の使用。
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