JP7050747B2 - 低分子量芳香族リグニン由来化合物を製造するための方法 - Google Patents
低分子量芳香族リグニン由来化合物を製造するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7050747B2 JP7050747B2 JP2019503620A JP2019503620A JP7050747B2 JP 7050747 B2 JP7050747 B2 JP 7050747B2 JP 2019503620 A JP2019503620 A JP 2019503620A JP 2019503620 A JP2019503620 A JP 2019503620A JP 7050747 B2 JP7050747 B2 JP 7050747B2
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- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(II) chloride (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sn+2] AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PTNLHDGQWUGONS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-p-coumaric alcohol Natural products OCC=CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PTNLHDGQWUGONS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
- D21C11/0007—Recovery of by-products, i.e. compounds other than those necessary for pulping, for multiple uses or not otherwise provided for
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05C—BOLTS OR FASTENING DEVICES FOR WINGS, SPECIALLY FOR DOORS OR WINDOWS
- E05C17/00—Devices for holding wings open; Devices for limiting opening of wings or for holding wings open by a movable member extending between frame and wing; Braking devices, stops or buffers, combined therewith
- E05C17/02—Devices for holding wings open; Devices for limiting opening of wings or for holding wings open by a movable member extending between frame and wing; Braking devices, stops or buffers, combined therewith by mechanical means
- E05C17/04—Devices for holding wings open; Devices for limiting opening of wings or for holding wings open by a movable member extending between frame and wing; Braking devices, stops or buffers, combined therewith by mechanical means with a movable bar or equivalent member extending between frame and wing
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Description
R1、R3、又はR5の少なくとも1つは、好ましくはヒドロキシ、又は直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アルコキシであり、
R6は、水素、ヒドロキシ、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6カルボキシル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アルデヒド、及び直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アルコールからなる群から選択される。
R10は、水素、ヒドロキシ、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6カルボキシル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アルデヒド、及び直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アルコールからなる群から選択される。
R6は、水素、ヒドロキシ、直鎖又は分枝のC1-6カルボキシ、直鎖又は分枝のC1-6アルデヒド、及び直鎖又は分枝のC1-6アルコールからなる群から選択される。)
R10は、水素、ヒドロキシ、直鎖又は分枝のC1-6カルボキシル、直鎖又は分枝のC1-6アルデヒド、及び直鎖又は分枝のC1-6アルコールからなる群から選択される。)によって特徴付けることができる。
式(II)のR1及びR4は、水素、ヒドロキシ、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6カルボキシル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アルデヒド、及び直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アルコールからなる群から選択され、
式(III)のR1~R10は、それぞれ独立して、水素、ヒドロキシ、カルボキシ、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アルキル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アルケニル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アルコール、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アミノアルキル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6カルボキシアルキル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アルコキシ、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アルデヒド、エステル、オキソ、又はカルボニルから選択され、
好ましくは、R2、R5、R6、及びR8の少なくとも1つは、ヒドロキシ又はC1-3アルコキシであり、
好ましくは、式(III)のR1、R4、R9、及びR10は、水素、ヒドロキシ、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6カルボキシル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アルデヒド、及び直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アルコールからなる群から選択され、
式(IV)のR2、R3、及びR7~R10は、それぞれ独立して、水素、ヒドロキシ、カルボキシ、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アルキル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アルケニル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アルコール、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アミノアルキル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6カルボキシアルキル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アルコキシ、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アルデヒド、エステル、オキソ、又はカルボニルから選択され、
好ましくは、R2、R3、及びR7~R10の少なくとも1つは、ヒドロキシ又はC1-3アルコキシであり、
式(IV)のR1、R4、R5、及びR6は、水素、ヒドロキシ、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6カルボキシル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アルデヒド、及び直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC1-6アルコールからなる群から選択される。
式(II)のR1及び/又はR8は、水素、ヒドロキシ、直鎖又は分枝のC1-6カルボキシル、直鎖又は分枝のC1-6アルデヒド、及び直鎖又は分枝のC1-6アルコールからなる群から選択され、
式(III)のR2~R8は、それぞれ独立して、H、任意に置換されたC1-6アルキル、任意に置換されたC1-6アルケニル、ハロゲン、任意に置換されたC1-6アルコキシ、アミノ、ニトロ、ホスホリル、ホスホニルから選択され、R2、R4、R5、R6、及びR8の少なくとも1つは、ヒドロキシ又はC1-3アルコキシであり、
式(III)のR1、R9、及び/又はR10は、水素、ヒドロキシ、直鎖又は分枝のC1-6カルボキシル、直鎖又は分枝のC1-6アルデヒド、及び直鎖又は分枝のC1-6アルコールからなる群から選択され、
式(IV)のR2~R9は、それぞれ独立して、H、任意に置換されたC1-6アルキル、任意に置換されたC1-6アルケニル、ハロゲン、任意に置換されたC1-6アルコキシ、アミノ、ニトロ、ホスホリル、ホスホニルから選択され、
R2、R4、R7、及びR9の少なくとも1つは、ヒドロキシ又はC1-3アルコキシであり、
式(IV)のR1及び/又はR10は、水素、ヒドロキシ、直鎖又は分枝のC1-6カルボキシル、直鎖又は分枝のC1-6アルデヒド、及び直鎖又は分枝のC1-6アルコールからなる群から選択される。
又は一般式(Vb):
によって特徴付けられる少なくとも1つのヒドロキノン化合物(工程(H.1)を生成する。
によって特徴付けられる少なくとも1つキノン化合物を提供する(工程H.2)。
又は一般式(Vb):
によって特徴付けられる少なくとも1つのヒドロキノン化合物を生成することができる(工程H.1)。
式(VII)のR8及びR5又はR1及びR4の少なくとも1つは、ヒドロキシ又はオキソであり、又は式(VIII)のR9及びR6、R10及びR5、又はR1及びR4の少なくとも1つは、ヒドロキシ又はオキソであり、又は式(IX)のR10及びR7又はR1及びR4の少なくとも1つは、ヒドロキシ又はオキソである。
式(VII)のR8及びR5又はR1及びR4の少なくとも1つは、ヒドロキシ又はオキソであり、又は式(VIII)のR9及びR6、R10及びR5、又はR1及びR4の少なくとも1つは、ヒドロキシ又はオキソであり、又は式(IX)のR10及びR7又はR1及びR4の少なくとも1つは、ヒドロキシ又はオキソである。
式(VII)のR8及びR5又はR1及びR4の少なくとも1つがヒドロキシ又はオキソである、又は式(VIII)のR9及びR6、R10及びR5、又はR1及びR4の少なくとも1つがヒドロキシ又はオキソである、又は式(IX)のR10及びR7又はR1及びR4の少なくとも1つがヒドロキシ又はオキソである、又はR7及びR10、R5及びR6、又はR6及びR2の少なくとも1つがヒドロキシル又はオキソである。)
本発明方法の工程(E.2)による修飾リグニン由来成分の還元クラッキング(クラッキング及び還元)は、例えば、ニッケルを含む触媒(活性炭に担持されたもの(Ni/C)など)によって行うことができる。触媒は、典型的には、溶液滴下含浸法(incipient-wetness impregnation method)によって調製され、更に、当技術分野で知られた炭素熱還元法(carbothermal reduction method)によって処理される。
リグノスルホナートは、本発明に係る工程(D)によって与えられる。1%(W/W)のリグノスルホナートを含む1M NaOH水溶液を調製する。前記溶液を、工程(E.3)にしたがう電気酸化に付す。そこでは、この溶液はアノライトとして使用される。1M水溶液はカタライト(katalyte)として使用される。250ml/分間の流速を有するフローセルが使用される。電気分解は、8時間定電流で1mA/cm2の電流を印加して行うことができる。通常得られる電圧は1.4Vである。電圧曲線は典型的には漸近的であり、溶液は好ましくは褐色から暗褐色に変色する。
低分子量芳香族リグニン由来化合物としてのバニリンは、本発明に係る工程(F)によって提供される。前記化合物は、更に、工程(G)にしたがって環化され、本発明に係る工程(H)にしたがって以下のように5工程で酸化される。
実施例4.1 ジメトキシベンゾキノンの還元
2-メトキシベンゼン-1,4-ジオール8.24g(0.059モル、1.0当量)を、還流冷却器を備えた250mL反応フラスコに秤量した。60mLのジクロロエタン及び15mL(0.159モル、2.7当量)の無水酢酸を添加した。次いで、三フッ化ホウ素エーテル溶液12mL(0.096モル、1.63当量)を攪拌しながら室温でゆっくり添加した。反応混合物を90℃に20時間加熱した。混合物を60℃に冷却し、30mLのH2Oを加え、続いて10mLのHCl(6M)を加えた。得られた混合物を100℃に30分間加熱し、冷却し、酢酸エチル(150mL×3)で抽出した。合わせた抽出物をH2O(100mL)、飽和重炭酸ナトリウム(100mL)、及びH2O(100mL)で順次洗浄し、次いで無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させた。溶媒を真空下で除去して褐色固体残渣を得、これをメタノールで洗浄して、ベージュの固体として1-(2,5-ジヒドロキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)エタン-1-オンを7.49g(0.041モル、70%収率)得た。
p-ベンゾキノン2.16g(0.02モル、1.0当量)を酢酸6.4mLに懸濁させた。2.46g(0.02mol、1.0当量)のニコチン酸を加え、混合物を室温で2時間撹拌した。得られた暗色混合物を3mLの水で希釈し、6.6mLのHCl(6M)で処理した。冷却すると、固体が析出し、これを濾別し、60℃で一晩乾燥して、黄色の固体として3-カルボキシ-1-(2,5-ジヒドロキシフェニル)ピリジン-1-イウムクロライド3.13g(0.012モル、59%収率)を得た。
Claims (70)
- 少なくとも1つの低分子量芳香族リグニン由来化合物を製造するための方法であって、
(A)リグノセルロース材料を提供する工程と、
(B)前記リグノセルロース材料をパルプ化プロセスに付す工程と、
(C)パルプ分離工程において工程(B)で得られたセルロースを工程(B)から得られるプロセス流から分離して、実質的にセルロースを含まないプロセス流を提供し、前記プロセス流が、修飾リグニン由来成分、ヘミセルロース、及び/又はそのフラグメントを含み、前記プロセス流が、単一のプロセス流又は少なくとも2つの部分プロセス流として提供される工程と、
(D)(D.1)工程(C)のプロセス流に含まれる、又は
(D.2)工程(C)における少なくとも2つの部分プロセス流のうちの少なくとも1つに含まれる、
修飾リグニン由来成分のフラクションを、前記プロセス流のいずれかから単離する工程と、
(E)工程(D)の修飾リグニン由来成分のフラクションを化学分解工程に付し、前記化学分解工程が、
(E.2)金属イオン又は半金属成分を含む不均一系又は均一系触媒の存在下での前記修飾リグニン成分の還元クラッキング(クラッキング及び還元)を含む工程と、
(F)工程(E)で得られた前記修飾リグニン由来生成物を、単離及び任意に精製工程に付し、低分子量芳香族リグニン由来化合物をより高分子量の芳香族リグニン由来成分及び/又は他の非リグニン由来残留成分から単離し、任意に精製する工程と
を含み、
前記工程(B)が、以下の工程:
(a)任意に、前記リグノセルロース材料をプレスチーミングし、前記リグノセルロース材料を蒸気で湿潤し、予熱する工程と、
(b)前記リグノセルロース材料を、亜硫酸塩又は重亜硫酸塩剤を含む水性の溶液に添加する工程と、及び
(c)前記リグノセルロース材料を前記水性の溶液中で蒸解する工程と
を含む(B.2)亜硫酸塩プロセスであることを特徴とする方法。 - 前記リグノセルロース材料が、細断されたリグノセルロース材料である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(B)における前記水性の溶液が、酸性の溶液である請求項1から2のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記リグノセルロース材料が、低シリカ及び樹脂含量の木材に由来することができる請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記リグノセルロース材料が、北方木材に由来することができる請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記リグノセルロース材料が、ブナ、マツ、バーチ、ユーカリ、及びスプルースからなる群から選択される少なくともいずれかに由来することができる請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記リグノセルロース材料が、ブナに由来することができる請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記リグノセルロース材料は、木材チップの形態で提供される請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 工程(B.2)のサブ工程(b)における前記酸性水溶液のpHが1~5であり、及び/又は工程(B.2)のサブ工程(b)における前記水性の溶液の温度が100℃未満である請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 工程(B.2)のサブ工程(b)にしたがって添加される亜硫酸塩又は重亜硫酸塩剤が、ナトリウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム、及びアンモニウムからなる群から選択されるカウンターカチオンとの塩である請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 工程(B.2)のサブ工程(c)における蒸解が、加圧容器内で、少なくとも3時間、少なくとも120℃の温度で行われる請求項1から10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 亜硫酸塩プロセス(B.2)のサブ工程(c)が、4~24時間行われる請求項1から11のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 亜硫酸塩プロセス(B.2)のサブ工程(c)が、4~6時間行われる請求項12に記載の方法。
- 工程(B.2)の亜硫酸塩プロセスサブ工程(c)が、120~170℃の温度で行われる請求項1から13のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 工程(B.2)の亜硫酸塩プロセスサブ工程(c)が、130~160℃の温度で行われる請求項14に記載の方法。
- 工程(B.2)のサブ工程(c)が、加圧容器内で少なくとも4バールの圧力で行われる請求項1から15のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 工程(B.2)のサブ工程(c)が、加圧容器内で5~10バールの圧力で行われる請求項16に記載の方法。
- (B.2)のサブ工程(c)が、バッチモード又は連続モードで行われる請求項1から17のいずれかに記載の方法。
- (B.2)のサブ工程(c)が、連続モードで行われる請求項18に記載の方法。
- 工程(C)の分離が、吹き込み、篩い分け、遠心分離、濾過、及び/又は洗浄、又はそれらの任意の組合せによって行われる請求項1から19のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 工程(D)の単離が、抽出、向流、ストリッピング、イオン交換、二価又は多価カチオンによる沈殿、酸性溶液中CO 2 による沈殿、濾過、又はそれらの任意の組合せによって行われる請求項1から20のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記二価又は多価カチオンによる沈殿が、カルシウム塩による沈殿である請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記濾過が、限外濾過及び/又はナノ濾過である請求項21に記載の方法。
- 工程(E.2)において、前記修飾リグニン由来成分の還元クラッキング(クラッキング及び還元)が、還元剤及び不均一触媒の存在下で行われ、前記不均一触媒が、ニッケル、白金、パラジウム、ルテニウム、レニウム、及び金から選択される金属を含む請求項1から23のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記還元剤が、水素又は水素供与性アルコールである請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記不均一触媒が、担体材料の表面上に設けられている請求項24から25のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記担体材料が、活性炭、シリカ、酸化チタン、及び酸化アルミニウムからなる群から選択される請求項26に記載の方法。
- 単離工程(D)及び/又は単離工程(F)が、濾過及び/又は抽出を含む請求項1から27のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 単離工程(D)及び/又は単離工程(F)が、限外濾過及び/又はナノ濾過セルによる限外濾過及び/又はナノ濾過を含む請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記限外濾過及び/又はナノ濾過セルが、前濾過セクションを有する請求項29に記載の方法。
- 濾過が、少なくとも1つの分子量カットオフユニットを含む限外濾過及び/又はナノ濾過セルで行われる請求項1から30のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記限外濾過及び/又はナノ濾過セルが、少なくとも2つの分子量カットオフユニットを含む請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの分子量カットオフユニットが、工程(D)では0.5kDa~2kDaのカットオフレベルを有する請求項31から32のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの分子量カットオフユニットが、工程(F)では1kDa~1.5kDaのカットオフレベルを有する請求項31から33のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの低分子量芳香族リグニン由来化合物が、1つ又は2つの芳香族環を含む請求項1から34のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの低分子量芳香族リグニン由来化合物が、2つの非環化芳香族環を含む請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの低分子量芳香族リグニン由来化合物が、2つの芳香族環を含み、前記2つの芳香族環が、リンカー部分によって、又は結合によって連結される請求項35から36のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記リンカー部分が、脂肪族リンカーである請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの低分子量芳香族リグニン由来化合物が、ビフェニル部分を形成する2つの芳香族環を含む請求項35から38のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記1つ又は2つの芳香族環が炭素環である請求項35から39のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記芳香族環が少なくとも1つの位置で官能基で置換されている請求項35から40のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記芳香族環が2つの位置で官能基で置換されている請求項41に記載の方法。
- 前記官能基の少なくとも1つがアルコキシ又はヒドロキシルである請求項41から42のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの低分子量芳香族リグニン由来化合物が、式(Ia):
R 6 は、水素、ヒドロキシ、直鎖又は分枝のC 1-6 カルボキシル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルデヒド、及び直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルコールからなる群から選択される。)又は
式(Ib):
R 10 は、水素、ヒドロキシ、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 カルボキシル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルデヒド、及び直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルコールからなる群から選択される。)によって特徴付けられる請求項1から43のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 前記少なくとも1つの低分子量芳香族リグニン由来化合物が、ビフェニル、ベンジルアルコール、ベンズアルデヒド、及び安息香酸のフェノール誘導体、及び/又は前記のいずれかの誘導体、及び/又は前記の組合せからなる群から選択される請求項1から44のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの低分子量芳香族リグニン由来化合物が、p-ヒドロキシベンジルアルコール、p-ヒドロキシベンズアルデヒド、及びp-ヒドロキシ安息香酸の誘導体、及び/又は前記のいずれかの誘導体、及び/又は前記の組合せからなる群から選択される請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの低分子量芳香族リグニン由来化合物が、バニリン、グアイアコール、オイゲノール、シリンゴール、フェノール、シリンガアルデヒド、及び/又は前記のいずれかの誘導体、及び/又は前記の組合せからなる群から選択される請求項45に記載の方法。
- 工程(F)によって提供される前記少なくとも1つの低分子量芳香族リグニン由来化合物が1つの芳香族環を含み、工程(G)において更に処理され、1つの芳香族環を含む前記低分子量芳香族リグニン由来化合物が環化反応に付され、環化反応生成物は、低分子量芳香族二環式又は三環式環化芳香族リグニン由来化合物であり、前記化合物が、以下の式(II)、(III)、又は(IV)によって特徴付けられる請求項1から38及び40から47のいずれかに記載の方法。
式(II)のR 1 及びR 4 は、水素、ヒドロキシ、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 カルボキシル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルデヒド、及び直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルコールからなる群から選択され、
式(III)のR 1 ~R 10 は、それぞれ独立して、水素、ヒドロキシ、カルボキシ、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルキル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルケニル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルコール、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アミノアルキル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 カルボキシアルキル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルコキシ、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルデヒド、エステル、オキソ、又はカルボニルから選択され、
式(IV)のR 2 、R 3 、及びR 7 ~R 10 は、それぞれ独立して、水素、ヒドロキシ、カルボキシ、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルキル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルケニル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルコール、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アミノアルキル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 カルボキシアルキル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルコキシ、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルデヒド、エステル、オキソ、又はカルボニルから選択され、
式(IV)のR 1 、R 4 、R 5 、及びR 6 は、水素、ヒドロキシ、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 カルボキシル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルデヒド、及び直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルコールからなる群から選択される。) - 前記環化反応が、フリーデル-クラフツアシル化である請求項48に記載の方法。
- 前記式(II)のR 2 、R 3 、及びR 5 ~R 8 の少なくとも1つは、ヒドロキシ又はC 1-3 アルコキシである請求項48から49のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記式(III)のR 2 、R 4 、R 5 、R 6 、及びR 8 の少なくとも1つは、ヒドロキシ又はC 1-3 アルコキシである請求項48から50のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記式(IV)のR 2 、R 3 、及びR 7 ~R 10 の少なくとも1つは、ヒドロキシ又はC 1-3 アルコキシである請求項48から51のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 工程(F)によって提供される前記少なくとも1つの低分子量芳香族リグニン由来化合物が、
(i.)H 2 O 2 、O 2 、及び空気からなる群から選択される酸化剤、及び
(ii.)均一系又は不均一系触媒の存在下で、前記少なくとも1つの低分子量芳香族リグニン由来化合物を酸化することにより工程(H)で更に修飾される請求項1から52のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 前記均一系又は不均一系触媒が、金属イオン又は半金属成分を含む請求項53に記載の方法。
- 工程(H)が、少なくとも1つのヒドロキノン化合物を提供し(工程H.1)、前記化合物が、式(Va):
式(Vb):
- 工程(H)が、(工程H.1)よりも過酷な酸化条件下で、少なくとも1つキノン化合物を提供し(工程H.2)、前記化合物が、式(VIa)~(VIb):
- 工程(H.1)によって提供される前記少なくとも1つのヒドロキノン化合物が、工程(I)において更に酸化され、請求項56に記載の式(VIa)~(VId)によって特徴付けられるキノン化合物を生成する請求項55に記載の方法。
- 前記更なる酸化が、電池のセルスタック中又は不均一系触媒によって行われる請求項57に記載の方法。
- 工程(G)によって提供される前記低分子量芳香族二環式又は三環式環化化合物が、
(i.)H 2 O 2 、O 2 、及び空気からなる群から選択される酸化剤、及び
(ii.)不均一系又は均一系触媒の存在下で、前記少なくとも1つの低分子量芳香族二環式又は三環式環化化合物を酸化することにより工程(H)で更に修飾され、少なくとも1つのキノン及び/又はヒドロキノン化合物を提供し、前記化合物が、以下の式(VII)、(VIII)、及び/又は(IX)によって特徴付けられる請求項48から52のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記均一系又は不均一系触媒が、金属イオン又は半金属成分を含む請求項59に記載の方法。
- 工程(H)、(H.1)、(H.2)又は(H.1)及び(I)によって提供される前記少なくとも1つのキノン及び/又はヒドロキノン化合物を精製工程(J)に付し、抽出又は蒸留によって、前記少なくとも1つのキノン及び/又はヒドロキノン化合物を残留化合物から分離する請求項53から60のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記抽出が、固相抽出又は流体-流体相抽出である請求項61に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのキノン及び/又はヒドロキノン化合物が、誘導体化工程(K)に付されて更に修飾され、1つ以上の水素、ヒドロキシ、カルボキシ、直鎖又は分岐の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルキル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルケニル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルコール、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アミノアルキル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 カルボキシアルキル、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルコキシ、直鎖又は分枝の任意に置換されたC 1-6 アルデヒド、エステル、ハロゲン、アミン、アミノ、アミド、ニトロ、オキソ、カルボニル、ホスホリル、ホスホニル、シアニド、又はスルホニルの基が、式(I)から(IX)のいずれかで表される化合物に、オキソ又はヒドロキシル基によって特徴付けられる以外のアリール構造の位置に導入され、
前記基が、前記アリール構造に直接結合している、又はアルキルリンカーを介して前記アリール構造に結合している請求項53から62のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 前記アルキルリンカーが、メチルリンカーである請求項63に記載の方法。
- 前記誘導体化工程(K)が、少なくとも1つの還元反応、酸化反応、置換反応、求核付加及び/又は求電子置換反応を含む請求項63から64のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのキノン及び/又はヒドロキノン化合物がアントラキノン化合物である請求項59から65のいずれかに記載の方法。
- (i)任意に、流セパレータ、(ii)任意に、単離ユニット、(iii)分解ユニット、及び(iv)分離ユニットを含む請求項1から47のいずれかに記載の工程(C)~(F)を行うためのアセンブリ。
- (v)任意に、環化ユニット、(vi)酸化ユニット、(vii)誘導体化ユニット、及び任意に(viii)精製ユニットを更に含む請求項1から68のいずれかに記載の工程(C)~(K)を行うためのアセンブリ。
- 前記パルプ化プロセスを用いるパルプ及び/又は紙製造プロセスをプラントによって適用するための方法であって、前記プラントが請求項68から69のいずれかに記載のアセンブリを備えていることを特徴とする方法。
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