JP7046194B2 - 酸化鉄を含むリチウム二次電池用正極及びこれを備えたリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
酸化鉄を含むリチウム二次電池用正極及びこれを備えたリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7046194B2 JP7046194B2 JP2020535068A JP2020535068A JP7046194B2 JP 7046194 B2 JP7046194 B2 JP 7046194B2 JP 2020535068 A JP2020535068 A JP 2020535068A JP 2020535068 A JP2020535068 A JP 2020535068A JP 7046194 B2 JP7046194 B2 JP 7046194B2
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- positive electrode
- lithium
- sulfur
- iron oxide
- secondary battery
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 98
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 90
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 37
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- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylphosphoric triamide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;sulfane Chemical compound C.S YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003151 propanoic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007763 reverse roll coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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Description
本発明は、酸化鉄を正極添加剤として含むリチウム二次電池用正極及びこれを備えて放電特性が向上されたリチウム二次電池に関する。
活物質、導電材及びバインダーを含むリチウム二次電池用正極であって、
前記正極は、下記化学式1で表される酸化鉄を含むリチウム二次電池用正極を提供する。
[化1]
FexO3(ただし、1.7≦x<2)
本発明の一具体例は、前記酸化鉄が1次粒子が集まって2次粒子を形成することである。
本発明の一具体例は、前記2次粒子の粒径が1ないし5μmのものである。
本発明の一具体例は、前記酸化鉄が結晶性のものである。
本発明の一具体例は、前記硫黄‐炭素複合体が硫黄‐炭素複合体100重量部を基準にして硫黄の含量が60ないし90重量部のものである。
前記電極活物質層は、活物質、導電材及びバインダーを含み、
前記電極活物質層の気孔度は60ないし75%である。
上述した正極;負極;これらの間に介在された分離膜及び電解質を含むリチウム二次電池を提供する。
[化1]
FexO3(ただし、1.7≦x<2)
本発明による酸化鉄の製造方法は、(1)Fe(NO3)3・9H2Oを蒸溜水に溶解してFe(NO3)3・9H2O水溶液を準備する段階;
(2)前記Fe(NO3)3・9H2O水溶液を乾燥する段階;及び
(3)前記乾燥されたFe(NO3)3・9H2Oを熱処理して下記化学式1で表される酸化鉄を収得する段階;
を含むことができる。
[化1]
FexO3(ただし、1.7≦x<2)
前記反応によって製造された酸化鉄は結晶性であってもよい。
本発明によるリチウム二次電池の一具現例は、電極活物質として正極に硫黄を含むリチウム‐硫黄電池であってもよい。
[化1]
FexO3(ただし、1.7≦x<2)
一方、本発明は、
正極、負極、これらの間に介在された分離膜及び電解質を備え、前記正極は前述の正極であることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池を提供する。
この時、前記負極、分離膜及び電解質は、リチウム二次電池に使用することができる通常の物質で構成されてもよい。
また、前記負極はリチウム金属の薄膜であってもよい。
[製造例1]酸化鉄の製造(1)
Fe(NO3)3・9H2O(Sigma―Aldrich社)をDIW(deionized water)に溶解させて2.0M水溶液を製造した。前記製造された水溶液をコンベクションオーブンで空気が充分に流入されるようにして80℃で6時間乾燥させた。以後、コンベクションオーブンで空気が充分に流入されるようにして155℃で18時間熱処理をしてFe1.766O3で表される酸化鉄を製造した。
熱処理を24時間行ったことを除いては、前記製造例1と同様にして酸化鉄を製造した。
先ず、溶媒として水に、酸化鉄を投入するベース固形分(活物質、導電材及びバインダー)の総重量(100重量部)に対して前記製造例1で製造された10重量部の酸化鉄を投入して溶解した。以後、得られた溶液に対して、ベース固形分総100重量部、つまり活物質として硫黄‐炭素複合体(S/C8:2重量比)を90重量部、導電材としてデンカブラックを5重量部、バインダーとしてスチレンブタジエンゴム/カルボキシメチルセルロース(SBR/CMC7:3)5重量部を投入してミキシングして正極スラリー組成物を製造した。
製造例2で製造した酸化鉄を10重量部投入したことを除いて前記実施例1と同様にして電池を製造した。
溶媒として水にベース固形分総100重量部、つまり活物質として硫黄‐炭素複合体(S/C7:3重量部)を90重量部、導電材としてデンカブラックを5重量部、バインダーとしてスチレンブタジエンゴム/カルボキシメチルセルロース(SBR/CMC7:3)5重量部を投入してミキシングして正極スラリー組成物を製造した。
硫黄‐炭素複合体の硫黄と炭素の割合を8:2重量部で投入したことを除いて前記比較例1と同様にして電池を製造した。
製造例1及び2でそれぞれ製造された酸化鉄のFe1.766O3に対し、SEM分析(Hitachi社のS‐4800FE‐SEM)を実施した。図1は製造例1で製造されたFe1.766O3に対するSEM分析結果で、図2は製造例2で製造された酸化鉄に対するSEM分析結果を示すグラフである。
製造例1及び2でそれぞれ製造された酸化鉄のFe1.766O3に対し、XRD分析(Bruker社のD4 Endeavor)を実施した。
前記製造例1及び2によるFe1.766O3及び炭素ナノチューブ(CNT)のリチウムポリスルフィド吸着能力を紫外線(UV、Agilent社のAgilent8453 UV‐visible spectrophotometer)吸光度分析を通じて確認して図5に示す。
正極材の種類によるリチウム二次電池の放電容量を実験するために、下記表1に記載されたように、リチウム二次電池の正極及び負極を構成した後、放電容量を測定した。
Claims (12)
- 活物質、導電材及びバインダーを含むリチウム-硫黄電池用正極であって、
前記正極は、下記化学式1で表される酸化鉄を含むリチウム-硫黄電池用正極。
[化1]
FexO3(ただし、1.7≦x<2) - 前記酸化鉄の含量は、リチウム-硫黄電池正極に含まれるベース固形分100重量部に対して0.1ないし15重量部であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム-硫黄電池用正極。
- 前記酸化鉄は、1次粒子が集まって2次粒子を形成していることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のリチウム-硫黄電池用正極。
- 前記1次粒子は、粒径10ないし80nmであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のリチウム-硫黄電池用正極。
- 前記2次粒子は、粒径1ないし5μmであることを特徴とする請求項3または4に記載のリチウム-硫黄電池用正極。
- 前記酸化鉄は結晶性であることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム-硫黄電池用正極。
- 前記酸化鉄は、XRDピークがそれぞれ2θ=24.2±0.1゜、33.8±0.1゜、36.0±0.1゜、40.8±0.1゜、49.4±0.1゜及び53.8±0.1゜に示されることを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム-硫黄電池用正極。
- 前記活物質は硫黄‐炭素複合体であることを特徴とする請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム-硫黄電池用正極。
- 前記硫黄‐炭素複合体は、硫黄‐炭素複合体100重量部を基準にして硫黄の含量が60ないし90重量部であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のリチウム-硫黄電池用正極。
- 前記正極は、集電体及び前記集電体の少なくとも一面に形成された電極活物質層を含み、
前記電極活物質層は、活物質、導電材及びバインダーを含み、
前記電極活物質層の気孔度は60ないし75%であることを特徴とする請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム-硫黄電池用正極。 - 正極、負極、これらの間に介在された分離膜及び電解質を含み、
前記正極は、請求項1ないし請求項10のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム-硫黄電池用正極であるリチウム-硫黄電池。 - 前記リチウム-硫黄電池は正極内に硫黄を含むことを特徴とする請求項11に記載のリチウム-硫黄電池。
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