JP7002431B2 - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7002431B2 JP7002431B2 JP2018190723A JP2018190723A JP7002431B2 JP 7002431 B2 JP7002431 B2 JP 7002431B2 JP 2018190723 A JP2018190723 A JP 2018190723A JP 2018190723 A JP2018190723 A JP 2018190723A JP 7002431 B2 JP7002431 B2 JP 7002431B2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
- H03K17/567—Circuits characterised by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT
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- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/41—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions
- H01L29/423—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/42312—Gate electrodes for field effect devices
- H01L29/42316—Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors
- H01L29/4232—Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors with insulated gate
- H01L29/42356—Disposition, e.g. buried gate electrode
- H01L29/4236—Disposition, e.g. buried gate electrode within a trench, e.g. trench gate electrode, groove gate electrode
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- H01L29/72—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals
- H01L29/739—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals controlled by field-effect, e.g. bipolar static induction transistors [BSIT]
- H01L29/7393—Insulated gate bipolar mode transistors, i.e. IGBT; IGT; COMFET
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- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/70—Bipolar devices
- H01L29/72—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals
- H01L29/739—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals controlled by field-effect, e.g. bipolar static induction transistors [BSIT]
- H01L29/7393—Insulated gate bipolar mode transistors, i.e. IGBT; IGT; COMFET
- H01L29/7395—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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- H01L29/70—Bipolar devices
- H01L29/72—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals
- H01L29/739—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals controlled by field-effect, e.g. bipolar static induction transistors [BSIT]
- H01L29/7393—Insulated gate bipolar mode transistors, i.e. IGBT; IGT; COMFET
- H01L29/7395—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT
- H01L29/7396—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT with a non planar surface, e.g. with a non planar gate or with a trench or recess or pillar in the surface of the emitter, base or collector region for improving current density or short circuiting the emitter and base regions
- H01L29/7397—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT with a non planar surface, e.g. with a non planar gate or with a trench or recess or pillar in the surface of the emitter, base or collector region for improving current density or short circuiting the emitter and base regions and a gate structure lying on a slanted or vertical surface or formed in a groove, e.g. trench gate IGBT
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- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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- H01L29/72—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals
- H01L29/739—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals controlled by field-effect, e.g. bipolar static induction transistors [BSIT]
- H01L29/7393—Insulated gate bipolar mode transistors, i.e. IGBT; IGT; COMFET
- H01L29/7395—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT
- H01L29/7398—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT with both emitter and collector contacts in the same substrate side
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
- H02M5/443—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M5/45—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/162—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/1623—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration with control circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
- H02M7/53873—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with digital control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
- H03K17/60—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being bipolar transistors
- H03K17/602—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being bipolar transistors in integrated circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/78—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled
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- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/06—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
- H01L29/10—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions with semiconductor regions connected to an electrode not carrying current to be rectified, amplified or switched and such electrode being part of a semiconductor device which comprises three or more electrodes
- H01L29/1095—Body region, i.e. base region, of DMOS transistors or IGBTs
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- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
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- H01L29/74—Thyristor-type devices, e.g. having four-zone regenerative action
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- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/0063—High side switches, i.e. the higher potential [DC] or life wire [AC] being directly connected to the switch and not via the load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/0072—Low side switches, i.e. the lower potential [DC] or neutral wire [AC] being directly connected to the switch and not via the load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
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- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/0081—Power supply means, e.g. to the switch driver
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Description
(比較例の説明)
まず、単一の制御電極を有する半導体スイッチング素子によるアーム構成における駆動回路の構成を、本実施の形態の比較例として説明する。
図2を参照して、高電圧側(P側、又は、ハイサイド)IGBT200♯Pと、低電圧側(N側、又は、ローサイド)IGBT200♯Nとは、出力ノードNoを介して電力線PL及びNLの間に直列接続されることによって、アームを構成する。IGBT200♯P及び200♯Nの各々は、主電極としてのコレクタC(陽極)及びエミッタE(陰極)と、制御電極としてのゲートGとを有する。
図4を参照して、IGBT200は、両面ゲート構造を有しており、第1及び第2の主面を有するnベース201と、pベース202と、nエミッタ203と、pコレクタ204と、nコレクタ205と、pエミッタ206と、トレンチ207と、第1ゲート絶縁膜208と、第1ゲート電極209と、第1ゲートの層間絶縁膜210と、エミッタ電極211と、コレクタ電極212と、第2ゲート絶縁膜213と、第2ゲート電極214と、第2ゲートの層間絶縁膜215とを備える。
図6を参照して、レベルシフト回路131P,132P,132Nの各々は、直流電源140、ダイオード141、キャパシタ142、抵抗素子143、及び、NMOSトランジスタ145を有する。図6では、レベルシフト回路132Pの回路構成について、代表的に説明する。図5に示されたレベルシフト回路の構成例を説明する回路図である。
図7を参照して、NMOSトランジスタ145は、p型領域146上に形成された、n型領域147及び148と、ゲート電極149とを有する。n型領域147は、電力線NLと電気的に接続されてソース(S)として作用する。n型領域148は、出力回路122Pの入力ノードNdyと接続されるとともに、抵抗素子143を介してノードN1と接続される。n型領域148は、ドレイン(D)として作用する。ゲート電極149は、n型領域147及び148の間に形成されるチャネル領域と、ゲート絶縁膜を介して形成される。ゲート電極149には、信号処理回路112Pが出力したパルス信号Splが入力される。
実施の形態1の変形例では、レベルシフト回路の構成の変形例を説明する。
ダブルゲート構造のIGBT200の駆動回路では、ゲート電極数の増加に比例して、回路数も増加することで製造コストの上昇が懸念される。実施の形態2では、実施の形態1又はその変形例との組み合わせによる共有化構成について説明する。
図10を参照して、クロック回路118は、アームを構成する2個のIGBT200の第1ゲートG1及び第2ゲートG2にそれぞれ対応して配置される複数の信号処理回路111P,112P,111N,112Nの間で共有される。即ち、信号処理回路111P,112P,111N,112Nには、クロック回路118からのクロック信号CLKが共通に入力される。
図12を参照して、電源回路119は、アームを構成する2個のIGBT200の第1ゲートG1及び第2ゲートG2にそれぞれ対応して配置される複数の信号処理回路111P,112P,111N,112Nの間で共有される。即ち、信号処理回路111P,112P,111N,112Nは、共通の電源回路119から動作電源電圧Vbの供給を受ける。
Claims (10)
- 直列接続された第1及び第2の半導体スイッチング素子を駆動する半導体装置であって、
前記第1の半導体スイッチング素子のオンオフを制御する第1の駆動回路と、
前記第2の半導体スイッチング素子のオンオフを制御する第2の駆動回路とを備え、
前記第1の半導体スイッチング素子は、主電極としての第1の陽極及び第1の陰極と、第1及び第2の制御電極を有し、
前記第2の半導体スイッチング素子は、主電極としての、前記第1の陰極と電気的に接続された第2の陽極、及び、第2の陰極、並びに、第3及び第4の制御電極を有し、
前記第1の駆動回路は、
前記第1の陰極に対する前記第1の制御電極の電圧を制御する第1の駆動回路ユニットと、
前記第1の陽極に対する前記第2の制御電極の電圧を制御する第2の駆動回路ユニットとを含み、
前記第2の駆動回路は、
前記第2の陰極に対する前記第3の制御電極の電圧を制御する第3の駆動回路ユニットと、
前記第2の陽極に対する前記第4の制御電極の電圧を制御する第4の駆動回路ユニットとを含み、
前記第1から第4の駆動回路ユニットの各々は、
前記第1及び第2の半導体スイッチング素子のオンオフ指令に従って、前記第1から第4の制御電極のうちの対応する制御電極の電圧指令となるパルス信号を出力する信号処理回路と、
前記信号処理回路からの前記パルス信号に従って、前記第1及び第2の陽極、並びに、前記第1及び第2の陰極のうちの対応する主電極に対する、前記対応する制御電極の電圧を駆動する出力回路とを有し、
前記第1、第2、及び、第4の駆動回路ユニットの各々は、絶縁分離構造を経由して、前記信号処理回路から前記出力回路へ前記パルス信号を伝達するように構成される、半導体装置。 - 前記絶縁分離構造は、前記出力回路と電気的に接続されたn型領域を含む半導体素子のpn接合によって構成される、請求項1記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第1、第2、及び、第4の駆動回路ユニットの各々は、前記信号処理回路及び前記出力回路の間に接続されたレベルシフト回路を有し、
前記レベルシフト回路は、
オンオフに応じて前記出力回路への入力電圧を切替えるように接続された電界効果トランジスタを有し、
前記電界効果トランジスタは、
前記パルス信号が入力されるゲートと、
前記ゲートの直下に形成された領域を含むp型領域と、
前記出力回路と接続されるとともに、前記p型領域との間で前記pn接合を形成するn型領域とを有する、請求項2記載の半導体装置。 - 前記第3の駆動回路ユニットにおいて、前記信号処理回路及び前記出力回路の間は前記絶縁分離構造を経由せずに電気的に接続される、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第3の駆動回路ユニットにおいて、前記信号処理回路及び前記出力回路の間は、前記第4の駆動回路ユニットと同様の前記絶縁分離構造を経由して接続される、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第3の駆動回路ユニットにおいて、前記信号処理回路及び前記出力回路の間は、前記第1、第2、及び、第4の駆動回路ユニットの各々と同様の前記絶縁分離構造を経由して接続される、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第2の駆動回路ユニットの前記絶縁分離構造の耐電圧は、前記第4の駆動回路ユニットの前記絶縁分離構造の耐電圧よりも高い、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第1から第4の駆動回路ユニットの各々の前記信号処理回路は、前記オンオフ指令と、共通のクロック回路から供給されたクロック信号とに基づいて、前記パルス信号を生成する、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第1から第4の駆動回路ユニットの各々の前記信号処理回路には、共通の電源回路から動作電源電圧が供給される、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第1及び第2の駆動回路と、前記第1及び第2の半導体スイッチング素子とは、一体化構造によって同一モジュールに内蔵される、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
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