JP6983752B2 - スーパーオキシドディスムターゼ1(sod1)を標的とする核酸分子 - Google Patents
スーパーオキシドディスムターゼ1(sod1)を標的とする核酸分子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6983752B2 JP6983752B2 JP2018500697A JP2018500697A JP6983752B2 JP 6983752 B2 JP6983752 B2 JP 6983752B2 JP 2018500697 A JP2018500697 A JP 2018500697A JP 2018500697 A JP2018500697 A JP 2018500697A JP 6983752 B2 JP6983752 B2 JP 6983752B2
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Description
本願は、2015年7月6日に出願された米国仮出願シリアル番号US 62/189,050、表題「NUCLEIC ACID MOLECULES TARGETING SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE 1 (SOD1)」の35 U.S.C.§119(e)下における利益を主張し、その全内容は、本明細書に参考として組み込まれる。
本発明は、少なくともその一部において、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)などの神経学的障害の処置のためのSOD1を標的とするin vivoでの送達特性が改善された核酸分子の使用に関する。
相補的なオリゴヌクレオチド配列は有望な治療剤であり、遺伝子の機能を解明する上での有用な研究用ツール(research tool)である。しかしながら、先行技術のオリゴヌクレオチド分子は、それらの臨床的開発を妨げる可能性があるいくつかの問題に悩まされており、これは、かかる組成物をin vivoで使用する遺伝子発現(タンパク質合成を含む)の意図した効率的な阻害の達成をしばしば困難にする。
主要な問題は、これらの化合物の、細胞および組織への送達であった。従来の二本鎖RNAi化合物は、19〜29塩基長であって、およそ1.5×(10〜15)nmのサイズの高度に負に荷電した強固ならせんを形成する。このロッド型の分子は細胞膜を透過することができず、その結果として、in vitroおよびin vivoでの両方において極めて限定的な効力しか有さない。その結果として、従来の全てのRNAi化合物は、それらの組織分配および細胞取り込みを促進するために、何らかの種類の送達ビヒクルを必要とする。これは、RNAi技術の主要な限定要因であると考えられる。
90年代後期におけるsiRNAの発見に関して、それらの送達プロフィールを増強するために、同様の型の修飾がこれらの分子へ試みられた。僅かに修飾された(Soutschek, 2004)および重度に修飾された(Wolfrum, 2007)siRNAへ抱合させたコレステロール分子が、文献に登場した。Yamadaら(2008)はまた、コレステロールを媒介したsiRNAの取り込みをさらに改善する高度なリンカーの化学(linker chemistry)の使用について報告した。この努力にも拘わらず、これらの型の化合物の取り込みは、生体液の存在下において損なわれて阻害され、これがin vivoでの遺伝子サイレンシングにおける効力を極めて限定させることになり、臨床の場でこれらの化合物の適用性を限定していると考えられる。
いくつかの側面において、本開示は、ガイド鎖およびパッセンジャー鎖を含む、スーパーオキシドディスムターゼ1(SOD1)に対して向けられた単離された二本鎖核酸分子、ここで、単離された二本鎖核酸分子は、二本鎖領域および一本鎖領域を含み、ここで、分子の二本鎖である領域は、8〜15ヌクレオチド長であり、ここでガイド鎖は、2〜14ヌクレオチド長の一本鎖領域を含有し、ここでガイド鎖は、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21または22個のホスホロチオアート修飾を含有し、ここでパッセンジャー鎖は、8〜15ヌクレオチド長であり、ここでパッセンジャー鎖は、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13または14個のホスホロチオアート修飾を含有し、およびここで、単離された二本鎖核酸分子のヌクレオチドの少なくとも40%が修飾されている、に関する。
いくつかの態様において、複数のU’および/またはC’は、メチル、イソブチル、オクチル、イミダゾールまたはチオフェンからなる群から選択される疎水性修飾を含み、ここで、修飾は、U’および/またはC’の4位または5位に位置する。
いくつかの態様において、単離された二本鎖核酸分子は、表1〜8中の配列(表1〜8に規定された修飾パターンを含む)から選択される配列の少なくとも12個の連続したヌクレオチドを含む。
いくつかの態様において、単離された二本鎖核酸分子は、ヘアピンを形成しない。
いくつかの側面において、本開示は、それを必要とする対象に、スーパーオキシドディスムターゼ1(SOD1)をコードする遺伝子に対して向けられた核酸分子の治療有効量を投与することを含む、ALSを処置するための方法に関する。
いくつかの態様において、単離された二本鎖核酸分子はさらに、該単離された二本鎖核酸分子に付着した疎水性抱合体を含む。
いくつかの態様において、単離された二本鎖核酸分子は、髄腔内注入および/または注射を介して投与される。
本明細書において記載される方法のいくつかの態様において、単離された核酸分子のセンス鎖は、配列番号2、配列番号32または配列番号122を含み、ガイド鎖は、配列番号61、配列番号91または配列番号123を含む。
本明細書において記載される方法のいくつかの態様において、単離された核酸分子のセンス鎖は、配列番号4、配列番号34または配列番号126を含み、ガイド鎖は、配列番号63または配列番号93を含む。
本明細書において記載される方法のいくつかの態様において、単離された核酸分子のセンス鎖は、配列番号9、配列番号38または配列番号135を含み、ガイド鎖は、配列番号68、配列番号97または配列番号136を含む。
本明細書において記載される方法のいくつかの態様において、単離された核酸分子のセンス鎖は、配列番号10または配列番号39を含み、ガイド鎖は、配列番号69または配列番号98を含む。
本明細書において記載される方法のいくつかの態様において、単離された核酸分子のセンス鎖は、配列番号5、配列番号127または配列番号137を含み、ガイド鎖は、配列番号64、配列番号128または配列番号138を含む。
SOD1(銅・亜鉛スーパーオキシドディスムターゼ)
本明細書に使用される「SOD1」は、有害なスーパーオキシドラジカルを水へと変換することに関与する3つのスーパーオキシドディスムターゼの1つであるスーパーオキシドディスムターゼ1酵素を指す。全てのALSの症例のおよそ10%は、顕性遺伝性であり、これらのうちの約20%が、サイトゾルスーパーオキシドディスムターゼ1(SOD1)における欠損に起因している。加えて、SOD1は、ALSの非家族性の(例えば、散発性の)型に関係があるとされている(Jones, C. T., Brock, D. J. H., Chancellor, A. M., Warlow, C. P., Swingler, R. J. Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) mutations and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lancet 342: 1050-1051, 1993)。いかなる理論によっても拘束されることを望まないが、複数の調査の系統は、SOD1における突然変異がこの酵素のディスムターゼ活性の喪失を通じてALSを引き起こすのではないことを示唆している。むしろ、突然変異SOD1は、多重の代替機構、そのうちの多くが、突然変異タンパク質の構造的不安定性および異常な結合および凝集を伴う、を通じて神経毒性を持つ。
ALSは、中枢神経系における運動ニューロンに影響を及ぼす進行性の神経変性疾患である。運動ニューロンの変性は、麻痺および最終的に、通常は呼吸不全に起因する、死亡をもたらす。症例の一部において、ALSは、サイトゾルスーパーオキシドディスムターゼ(SOD1)をコードする遺伝子における顕性で伝播する突然変異によって引き起こされる。突然変異SOD1のトランスジェニック発現は、マウスにおいてALSを引き起こす。
本明細書に使用される「核酸分子」は、これらに限定されないが:sd−rxRNA、sd−rxRNAバリアント、rxRNAori、オリゴヌクレオチド、ASO、siRNA、shRNA、miRNA、ncRNA、cp−lasiRNA、aiRNA、一本鎖核酸分子、二本鎖核酸分子、RNAおよびDNAを含む。いくつかの態様において、核酸分子は、化学修飾されたオリゴヌクレオチドなどの、化学修飾されたオリゴヌクレオチドである。
本発明の側面は、sd−rxRNA分子に関する。本明細書において用いられる場合、「sd−rxRNA」または「sd−rxRNA分子」とは、2014年8月5日に付与された、米国特許第8,796,443号、表題「REDUCED SIZE SELF-DELIVERING RNAI COMPOUNDS」、2015年11月3日に付与された、米国特許第9,175,289号、表題「REDUCED SIZE SELF-DELIVERING RNAI COMPOUNDS」、および2009年9月22日に出願されたPCT公開番号WO2010/033247(出願番号PCT/US2009/005247)、表題「REDUCED SIZE SELF-DELIVERING RNAI COMPOUNDS」において記載され、これらから本明細書に参考として組み込まれるもののような、自己送達型RNA分子を指す。
sd−rxRNAは、従来のsiRNAと比較して、はるかに効果的に細胞によって取り込まれる。これらの分子は、標的遺伝子のサイレンシングにおいて高度に効率的であって、血清の存在下における高活性、効率的な自己送達、多様なリンカーとの適合性、および、毒性に関連する化学修飾の存在の減少または完全な欠如を含む、先に記載されたRNAi分子を凌駕する大きな利点を与える。
ある態様において、ポリヌクレオチドは、未修飾である。他の態様において、少なくとも1つのヌクレオチドが修飾されている。さらなる態様において、修飾は、ガイド配列の5’末端から2つ目のヌクレオチドにおいて、2’−Hまたは2’−修飾されたリボース糖を含む。「2つ目のヌクレオチド」は、ポリヌクレオチドの5’末端から2つ目のヌクレオチドとして定義される。
ある態様において、2’修飾されているヌクレオチドは、ピリミジンヌクレオチド(例えばC/U)である。2’−O−アルキルヌクレオチドの例は、2’−O−メチルヌクレオチドまたは2’−O−アリルヌクレオチドを含む。
本明細書に使用される「オフ・ターゲット」遺伝子サイレンシングは、例えばアンチセンス(ガイド)配列と、意図しない標的mRNA配列との間の偽の配列相同性に起因する、意図しない遺伝子サイレンシングを指す。
ある修飾の組み合わせは、標的遺伝子の発現を阻害する能力の増強、血清安定性の増強、および/または、標的特異性の増大などにより部分的に表わされる、さらなる予想外の利点をもたらしてもよい。
ある態様において、ガイド鎖は、ガイド鎖の5’末端における2番目のヌクレオチドにて、2’−O−メチル修飾ヌクレオチドを含み、かつ、他の修飾ヌクレオチドを含まない。
ある態様において、修飾RNAiコンストラクトは、同じ配列を有する未修飾RNAiコンストラクトと比較して、改善された血清および/または脳脊髄液中の安定性を有してもよい。
対象となるコンストラクトのin vivoでの安定性をさらに増大させるために、構造の3’末端は、保護基(単数または複数)により遮断されてもよい。例えば反転(inverted)ヌクレオチド、反転脱塩基部分またはアミノ末端修飾ヌクレオチドなどの保護基が使用されてもよい。反転ヌクレオチドは、反転デオキシヌクレオチドを含んでもよい。反転脱塩基部分は、3’,3’連結または5’,5’連結されたデオキシ脱塩基部分などの、反転デオキシ脱塩基部分を含んでもよい。
標的遺伝子は、細胞にとって内因性であっても外因性(例えば、ウイルスにより、または、組み換えDNA技術を使用して、細胞に導入されたもの)であってもよい。かかる方法は、標的遺伝子の発現を阻害するために十分な量でのRNAの細胞内への導入を含んでもよい。例えば、かかるRNA分子は、組成物が標的遺伝子の発現を阻害するように、標的遺伝子のヌクレオチド配列に対して相補的なガイド鎖を有してもよい。
本発明はさらに、対象となるRNAiコンストラクトと薬学的に許容し得るキャリアまたは希釈剤とを含む、組成物に関する。
方法は、in vitroで、ex vivoで、または、in vivoで、例えば、培養中のヒト細胞などの培養中の哺乳動物細胞において行ってもよい。
本発明の別の側面は、哺乳動物細胞を、対象となるRNAiコンストラクトを発現するベクターと接触させることを含む、哺乳動物細胞において標的遺伝子の発現を阻害するための方法を提供する。
一態様において、第1のポリヌクレオチドの一本鎖領域は、40%〜90%の疎水性塩基修飾、40%〜90%のホスホロチオアート、40%〜90%のリボース部分の修飾、および、前述のもののあらゆる組み合わせからなる群より選択される修飾を含有する。
より詳細な本発明の側面は、以下のセクションにおいて記載される。
本発明の二本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドは、2つの別々の相補的な核酸鎖により形成されてもよい。デュプレックス形成は、標的遺伝子を含有する細胞の内側または外側のいずれかで生じ得る。
本発明のヌクレオチドは、糖部分、ホスホジエステル連結部および/または塩基を含む、多様な位置において修飾されてもよい。
アンチセンス(ガイド)鎖は、標的遺伝子(単数または複数)の少なくとも一部に対して実質的に同一であってもよいが、少なくとも塩基対形成特性に関連して、配列は、有用であるため、例えば標的遺伝子の表現型の発現を阻害するために、完全に同一である必要はない。一般により高い相同性は、より短いアンチセンス遺伝子の使用を埋め合わせるために使用され得る。いくつかのケースにおいて、アンチセンス鎖は、一般に、標的遺伝子に対して(アンチセンス方向において)実質的に同一であろう。
o−ニトロベンゼンスルフェンアミド(Nps)、2,4−ジニトロベンゼンスルフェンアミド、ペンタクロロベンゼンスルフェンアミド、2−ニトロ−4−メトキシベンゼンスルフェンアミド、トリフェニルメチルスルフェンアミド、3−ニトロピリジンスルフェンアミド(Npys)、p−トルエンスルホンアミド(Ts)、ベンゼンスルホンアミド、2,3,6−トリメチル−4−メトキシベンゼンスルホンアミド(Mtr)、2,4,6−トリメトキシベンゼンスルホンアミド(Mtb)、2,6−ジメチル−4−メトキシベンゼンスルホンアミド(Pme)、2,3,5,6−テトラメチル−4−メトキシベンゼンスルホンアミド(Mte)、4−メトキシベンゼンスルホンアミド(Mbs)、2,4,6−トリメチルベンゼンスルホンアミド(Mts)、2,6−ジメトキシ−4−メチルベンゼンスルホンアミド(iMds)、2,2,5,7,8−ペンタメチルクロマン−6−スルホンアミド(Pmc)、メタンスルホンアミド(Ms)、β−トリメチルシリルエタンスルホンアミド(SES)、9−アントラセンスルホンアミド、4−(4’,8’−ジメトキシナフチルメチル)ベンゼンスルホンアミド(DNMBS)、ベンジルスルホンアミド、トリフルオロメチルスルホンアミドおよびフェナシルスルホンアミド。
用語「アルキル」は、飽和脂肪族基を含み、これは、直鎖アルキル基(例えばメチル、エチル、プロピル、ブチル、ペンチル、ヘキシル、ヘプチル、オクチル、ノニル、デシルなど)、分枝鎖アルキル基(イソプロピル、tert−ブチル、イソブチルなど)、シクロアルキル(脂環式)基(シクロプロピル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロヘプチル、シクロオクチル)、アルキル置換シクロアルキル基およびシクロアルキル置換アルキル基を含む。ある態様において、直鎖または分枝鎖アルキルは、6個以下(例えば直鎖についてはC1〜C6、分枝鎖についてはC3〜C6)、より好ましくは4個以下の炭素原子をその骨格中に有する。同様に、好ましいシクロアルキルは、3〜8個の炭素原子をその環構造中に有し、より好ましくは5または6個の炭素を環構造中に有する。用語C1〜C6は、1〜6個の炭素原子を含むアルキル基を含有する。
炭素の数が他に特定されない限りにおいて、「低級アルキル」は、本明細書に使用されるとおり、上で定義されるが、1〜5個の炭素原子をその骨格構造中に有するアルキル基を意味する。「低級アルケニル」および「低級アルキニル」は、例えば2〜5個の炭素原子の鎖長を有する。
用語「ヒドロキシ」または「ヒドロキシル」は、(適切なカウンターイオンとともに)−OHまたは−O−を持つ基を含む。
用語「ハロゲン」は、フッ素、臭素、塩素、ヨウ素などを含む。用語「過ハロゲン化」は一般に、全ての水素がハロゲン原子により置き換えられている部分を指す。
用語「ヌクレオチド」は、ホスファート基またはホスファートアナログをさらに含むヌクレオシドを含む。
Xは、NまたはCHであり;
Aは、結合;置換または非置換、環式または非環式、分枝または非分枝の脂肪族;または、置換または非置換、環式または非環式、分枝または非分枝のヘテロ脂肪族であり;
R1は、疎水性部分であり;
R2は、水素;酸素保護基;環式または非環式、置換または非置換、分枝または非分枝の脂肪族;環式または非環式、置換または非置換、分枝または非分枝のヘテロ脂肪族;置換または非置換、分枝または非分枝のアシル;置換または非置換、分枝または非分枝のアリール;置換または非置換、分枝または非分枝のヘテロアリールであり;および
R3は、核酸である、
で表される。
ある態様において、Aは結合である。ある態様において、Aは、置換または非置換、環式または非環式、分枝または非分枝の脂肪族である。ある態様において、Aは、非環式、置換または非置換、分枝または非分枝の脂肪族である。ある態様において、Aは、非環式、置換、分枝または非分枝の脂肪族である。ある態様において、Aは、非環式、置換、非分枝の脂肪族である。ある態様において、Aは、非環式、置換、非分枝のアルキルである。ある態様において、Aは、非環式、置換、非分枝のC1〜20アルキルである。ある態様において、Aは、非環式、置換、非分枝のC1〜12アルキルである。ある態様において、Aは、非環式、置換、非分枝のC1〜10アルキルである。ある態様において、Aは、非環式、置換、非分枝のC1〜8アルキルである。ある態様において、Aは、非環式、置換、非分枝のC1〜6アルキルである。ある態様において、Aは、置換または非置換、環式または非環式、分枝または非分枝のヘテロ脂肪族である。ある態様において、Aは、非環式、置換または非置換、分枝または非分枝のヘテロ脂肪族である。ある態様において、Aは、非環式、置換、分枝または非分枝のヘテロ脂肪族である。ある態様において、Aは、非環式、置換、非分枝のヘテロ脂肪族である。
Rの出現の各々は、独立して、天然または非天然のアミノ酸の側鎖であり;および
nは、1から20までの整数である、
で表される。ある態様において、Aは、式:
A’は、置換または非置換、環式または非環式、分枝または非分枝の脂肪族であるか;または、置換または非置換、環式または非環式、分枝または非分枝のヘテロ脂肪族である、
で表される。
で表される。
Xは、NまたはCHであり;
Aは、結合;置換または非置換の、環式または非環式の、分枝または非分枝の脂肪族;または、置換または非置換の、環式または非環式の、分枝または非分枝のヘテロ脂肪族であり;
R1は、疎水性部分であり;
R2は、水素;酸素保護基;環式または非環式の、置換または非置換の、分枝または非分枝の脂肪族;環式または非環式の、置換または非置換の、分枝または非分枝のヘテロ脂肪族;置換または非置換の、分枝または非分枝のアシル;置換または非置換の、分枝もしくは非分枝のアリール;置換または非置換の、分枝または非分枝のヘテロアリールであり;および
R3は、核酸である、
で表される。
Xは、NまたはCHであり;
Aは、結合;置換または非置換、環式または非環式、分枝または非分枝の脂肪族;または、置換または非置換、環式または非環式、分枝または非分枝のヘテロ脂肪族であり;
R1は、疎水性部分であり;
R2は、水素;酸素保護基;環式または非環式、置換または非置換、分枝または非分枝の脂肪族;環式または非環式、置換または非置換、分枝または非分枝のヘテロ脂肪族;置換または非置換、分枝または非分枝のアシル;置換または非置換、分枝または非分枝のアリール;置換または非置換、分枝または非分枝のヘテロアリールであり;および
R3は、核酸である、
で表される。
Xは、NまたはCHであり;
Aは、結合;置換または非置換、環式または非環式、分枝または非分枝の脂肪族;または、置換または非置換、環式または非環式、分枝または非分枝のヘテロ脂肪族であり;
R1は、疎水性部分であり;
R2は、水素;酸素保護基;環式または非環式、置換または非置換、分枝または非分枝の脂肪族;環式または非環式、置換または非置換、分枝または非分枝のヘテロ脂肪族;置換または非置換、分枝または非分枝のアシル;置換または非置換、分枝または非分枝のアリール;置換または非置換、分枝または非分枝のヘテロアリールであり;および
R3は、核酸である、
で表される。ある態様において、核酸分子は、式:
ある態様において、ガイド配列を超えるヌクレオチドの殆どまたは全ては(2’修飾されていようがいまいが)ホスホロチオアート連結部により連結されている。かかるコンストラクトは、その血清タンパク質に対するより高いアフィニティーに起因して、薬物動態が改善されている傾向がある。ポリヌクレオチドの非ガイド配列部分におけるホスホロチオアート連結部は一般に、一旦ガイド鎖がRISCにロードされた後は、ガイド鎖の活性に干渉しない。本明細書において、驚くべきことに、高レベルのホスホロチオアート修飾が送達の改善をもたらし得ることが実証されている。いくつかの態様において、ガイドおよび/パッセンジャー鎖は、完全にホスホロチオアート化されている。
本発明のオリゴヌクレオチドは、当該技術分野において知られているいずれの方法によっても、例えば酵素による合成および/または化学合成を使用して、合成され得る。オリゴヌクレオチドは、in vitroで(例えば酵素による合成および化学合成を使用して)、またはin vivoで(当該技術分野において周知の組み換えDNA技術を使用して)合成され得る。
他の例示的な合成技術は、当該技術分野において周知である(例えばSambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual, Second Edition (1989);DNA Cloning, Volumes I and II (DN Glover Ed. 1985);Oligonucleotide Synthesis(M J Gait Ed, 1984;Nucleic Acid Hybridisation(B D Hames and S J Higgins eds. 1984);A Practical Guide to Molecular Cloning (1984);またはシリーズであるMethods in Enzymology(Academic Press, Inc.)を参照)。
オリゴヌクレオチドおよびオリゴヌクレオチド組成物は、1以上の細胞または細胞ライセートと接触させられて(すなわち、接触させられるか、または、本明細書においては投与または送達されるとして言及される)、これに取り込まれる。用語「細胞」は、原核および真核細胞、好ましくは脊椎動物細胞、より好ましくは哺乳動物細胞を含む。好ましい態様において、本発明のオリゴヌクレオチド組成物は、ヒト細胞と接触させられる。
グルカン含有粒子は典型的には、および2〜4ミクロンの直径を有するが、2ミクロン未満または4ミクロンを超える直径の粒子もまた、本発明の側面に適合する。
オリゴヌクレオチドの取り込みのための最適なプロトコルは、多数の因子に依存するであろうが、最も重要なのは、使用される細胞の型である。取り込みにおいて重要な他の因子は、これらに限定されないが、オリゴヌクレオチドの性質および濃度、細胞のコンフルエンス、細胞を入れる培養の種類(例えば懸濁培養であるかまたはプレート培養であるか)および細胞を培養する培地の種類を含む。
カプセル化剤は、ビヒクル内にオリゴヌクレオチドを捕捉する。本発明の別の態様において、オリゴヌクレオチドは、キャリアまたはビヒクル、例えばリポソームまたはミセルと結びついてもよいが、他のキャリアを使用され得ることは、当業者により理解される通りである。リポソームは、生体膜と類似する構造を有する脂質二重層からなるビヒクルである。かかるキャリアは、細胞による取り込みを促進するため、または、オリゴヌクレオチドを標的化するため、または、オリゴヌクレオチドの薬物動態または毒性学的特性を改善するために、使用される。
本発明の目的のために、用語「フィトステロール」(また植物ステロールとも称される)は、植物において天然に存在する植物化学物質である、一群のステロイドアルコール類である。200種を超えるフィトステロールが知られている。
中性脂質混合物は、天然に存在するかまたは化学合成された、または、修飾された、飽和および不飽和脂肪酸残基のクラスから選択される製剤を含んでもよい。脂肪酸は、トリグリセリド、ジグリセリドまたは個別の脂肪酸の形態で存在し得る。別の態様において、薬理学において非経口栄養のために現在使用されている脂肪酸のよく確認された混合物および/または脂質乳液が利用されてもよい。
別の態様において、カーゴ分子の脂質乳液は、70%を超えるリノール酸(C18H32O2)および/またはカルジオリピンを含む。
複合体化剤は、強力であるが共有結合ではない引力(例えば静電気、ファンデルワールス、パイ・スタッキングなどの相互作用)により、本発明のオリゴヌクレオチドに結合する。一態様において、本発明のオリゴヌクレオチドは、オリゴヌクレオチドの細胞による取り込みを増大するために、複合体化剤と複合体化され得る。複合体化剤の例は、カチオン性脂質を含む。カチオン性脂質は、オリゴヌクレオチドを細胞へ送達するために使用され得る。しかしながら、上記のとおり、カチオン性脂質を含まない製剤が、いくつかの態様において好ましい。
オリゴヌクレオチドの送達はまた、オリゴヌクレオチドを細胞受容体へ標的化することによっても改善され得る。標的化部分は、オリゴヌクレオチドに抱合させても、オリゴヌクレオチドに結合したキャリア基(すなわち、ポリ(L−リジン)またはリポソーム)に付着させてもよい。この方法は、特異的受容体により媒介されるエンドサイトーシスを呈す細胞にとって良好に適する。
オリゴヌクレオチドの投与または送達の最適な経路は、所望の結果および/または処置される対象に依存して変動し得る。本明細書に使用される「投与」は、細胞をオリゴヌクレオチドに接触させることを指し、in vitroで、またはin vivoで実施され得る。標的核酸分子から翻訳されるタンパク質の発現を最適に減少させるために、オリゴヌクレオチドの投薬量は、例えばRNA安定性の読み出しによりまたは治療応答により測定されるものとして、過度の実験なしに調整されてもよい。
いくつかの態様において、1種より多くのsd−rxRNA分子が同時に投与される。例えば、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10種または10種より多くの異なるsd−rxRNA分子を含む組成物が投与されてもよい。ある態様において、組成物は2または3種の異なるsd−rxRNA分子を含む。組成物が1種より多くのsd−rxRNA分子を含むとき、組成物中のsd−rxRNA分子は、同一の遺伝子または異なる遺伝子に指向し得る。
本明細書に記載の方法により投与されるsd−rxRNA分子は、神経系における全ての細胞型に対して効率的に標的化されることができる。
代わりに、ベクター、例えば本発明のsiRNAをコードする導入遺伝子は、当該技術分野において認識される技術を使用して、宿主細胞またはトランスジェニック動物中へ操作され得る。
遺伝子の発現を阻害することにより、本発明のオリゴヌクレオチド組成物は、神経変性疾患などの、タンパク質の発現が関与するあらゆる疾患を処置するために使用することができる。
例1:SOD1を標的とするsd−rxRNAバリアントの同定
SOD1を標的とするsd−rxRNAバリアントを設計し、合成し、in vitroでスクリーニングすることで、sd−rxRNAバリアントの標的遺伝子mRNAレベルを低下させる能力を決定した。sd−rxRNAバリアントを、HeLa細胞(ヒト子宮頸癌細胞株、10,000細胞/ウェル、96ウェルプレート)中における活性について試験した。HeLa細胞を、血清含有媒体中の多様な濃度のSOD1を標的とするsd−rxRNAバリアントまたは非ターゲティング対照のパネルで処置した。試験した濃度は、5、1および0.1μMであった。非ターゲティング対照sd−rxRNA(NTC)は、SOD1を標的とするsd−rxRNAバリアントと類似の構造のものであり、両方の鎖全体にわたり類似の安定化修飾を含有する。
GTTTGGGGCCAGAGTGGGCGAGGCGCGGAGGTCTGGCCTATAAAGTAGTCGCGGAGACGGGGTGCTGGTTTGCGTCGTAGTCTCCTGCAGCGTCTGGGGTTTCCGTTGCAGTCCTCGGAACCAGGACCTCGGCGTGGCCTAGCGAGTTATGGCGACGAAGGCCGTGTGCGTGCTGAAGGGCGACGGCCCAGTGCAGGGCATCATCAATTTCGAGCAGAAGGAAAGTAATGGACCAGTGAAGGTGTGGGGAAGCATTAAAGGACTGACTGAAGGCCTGCATGGATTCCATGTTCATGAGTTTGGAGATAATACAGCAGGCTGTACCAGTGCAGGTCCTCACTTTAATCCTCTATCCAGAAAACACGGTGGGCCAAAGGATGAAGAGAGGCATGTTGGAGACTTGGGCAATGTGACTGCTGACAAAGATGGTGTGGCCGATGTGTCTATTGAAGATTCTGTGATCTCACTCTCAGGAGACCATTGCATCATTGGCCGCACACTGGTGGTCCATGAAAAAGCAGATGACTTGGGCAAAGGTGGAAATGAAGAAAGTACAAAGACAGGAAACGCTGGAAGTCGTTTGGCTTGTGGTGTAATTGGGATCGCCCAATAAACATTCCCTTGGATGTAGTCTGAGGCCCCTTAACTCATCTGTTATCCTGCTAGCTGTAGAAATGTATCCTGATAAACATTAAACACTGTAATCTTAAAAGTGTAATTGTGTGACTTTTTCAGAGTTGCTTTAAAGTACCTGTAGTGAGAAACTGATTTATGATCACTTGGAAGATTTGTATAGTTTTATAAAACTCAGTTAAAATGTCTGTTTCAATGACCTGTATTTTGCCAGACTTAAATCACAGATGGGTATTAAACTTGTCAGAATTTCTTTGTCATTCAAGCCTGTGAATAAAAACCCTGTATGGCACTTATTATGAGGCTATTAAAAGAATCCAAATTCAAACTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA(配列番号119)
図3〜5は、多様なホスホロチオアートのレベルのsd−rxRNA化学的バリアントがCNS中の細胞へと取り込まれ送達されることを実証する。sd−rxRNA化学的バリアントの組織分布を決定するために、SOD1を標的とする蛍光標識された化合物を、15μLの15mg/mL溶液で嚢内注射(IC注射)によりSprague Dawleyラットに投与した。注射24時間後に、組織を収集し、共焦点顕微鏡法のために加工した。sd−rxRNAバリアントの細胞による取り込みを検出するために、共焦点像を使用した。ホスホロチオアート含量のレベルは、CNSにおける細胞による取り込みの観察されたレベルと相関していた(例えば、ホスホロチオアート含量の上昇したレベルが、より大きな取り込みをもたらした)。
図6は、SOD1を標的とするsd−rxRNAバリアント(オリゴ番号25652)の14日間の髄腔内投与に続くin vivo(マウス、腰髄(LSC))でのSOD1サイレンシングを実証する。非ターゲティング対照と比較して、SOD1を標的とするsd−rxRNAバリアントで処置されたマウスにおいてはSOD1 mRNAレベルの37%低下が観察された(図6)。
図7は、SOD1を標的とするsd−rxRNAバリアント(オリゴ番号25645)の14日間の髄腔内投与に続くin vivo(マウス、腰髄(LSC))でのSOD1サイレンシングを実証する。非ターゲティング対照と比較して、SOD1を標的とするsd−rxRNAバリアントで処置されたマウスにおいてはSOD1 mRNAレベルの統計的に有意な24%低下が観察された(図9)。
SOD1を標的とする、塩基の4位または5位に疎水性修飾を含有するsd−rxRNAバリアントを設計し、合成し、in vitroでスクリーニングすることで、sd−rRNAバリアントの標的遺伝子mRNAレベルを低下させる能力を決定した。sd−rxRNAバリアントを、HeLa細胞(ヒト子宮頸癌細胞株、10,000細胞/ウェル、96ウェルプレート)中における活性について試験した。HeLa細胞を、血清含有媒体中の多様な濃度のSOD1を標的とするsd−rxRNAバリアントまたは非ターゲティング対照のパネルで処置した。試験した濃度は、5、1および0.1μMであった。非ターゲティング対照sd−rxRNAは、SOD1を標的とするsd−rxRNAバリアントと類似の構造のものであり、両方の鎖全体にわたり類似の安定化修飾を含有する。
当業者は、慣用的な実験のみを使用して、本明細書に記載される本発明の具体的な態様についての多数の均等物を理解するかまたはそれに気付くことができるであろう。かかる均等物は、以下のクレームによって包含されることが意図される。
Claims (12)
- ガイド鎖およびパッセンジャー鎖を含む、スーパーオキシドディスムターゼ1(SOD1)に対して向けられた単離された二本鎖核酸分子であって、ここで、単離された二本鎖核酸分子が、二本鎖領域および一本鎖領域を含み、ここで、分子の二本鎖である領域が、8〜15ヌクレオチド長であり、ここでガイド鎖が、2〜14ヌクレオチド長の一本鎖領域を含有し、ここでガイド鎖が、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21または22個のホスホロチオアート修飾を含有し、ここでパッセンジャー鎖が、8〜15ヌクレオチド長であり、ここでパッセンジャー鎖が、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13または14個のホスホロチオアート修飾を含有し、ここで、単離された二本鎖核酸分子のヌクレオチドの少なくとも40%が修飾されており、
(i)パッセンジャー鎖が、配列番号2、配列番号32または配列番号122を含み、ガイド鎖が、配列番号61、配列番号91または配列番号123を含む;
(ii)パッセンジャー鎖が、配列番号4、配列番号34または配列番号126を含み、ガイド鎖が、配列番号63または配列番号93を含む;
(iii)パッセンジャー鎖が、配列番号9、配列番号38または配列番号135を含み、ガイド鎖が、配列番号68、配列番号97または配列番号136を含む;
(iv)パッセンジャー鎖が、配列番号10または配列番号39を含み、ガイド鎖が、配列番号69または配列番号98を含む;または
(v)パッセンジャー鎖が、配列番号5、配列番号127または配列番号137を含み、ガイド鎖が、配列番号64、配列番号128または配列番号138を含む、前記単離された二本鎖核酸分子。 - ヌクレオチドの少なくとも60%が修飾されている、請求項1に記載の単離された二本鎖核酸分子。
- 修飾されている単離された二本鎖核酸分子のヌクレオチドの少なくとも1個が、2’O−メチルまたは2’−フルオロ修飾を含む、請求項1または2に記載の単離された二本鎖核酸分子。
- 単離された二本鎖核酸分子の少なくとも1本の鎖が、完全にホスホロチオアート化されているか、または1つの残基を除いて完全にホスホロチオアート化されている、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の単離された二本鎖核酸分子。
- ヌクレオチド中の複数のウリジンおよび/またはシチジンが、メチル、イソブチル、オクチル、イミダゾールまたはチオフェンからなる群から選択される疎水性修飾を含み、ここで修飾が、ウリジンおよび/またはシチジンの4位または5位に位置している、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の単離された二本鎖核酸分子。
- 単離された二本鎖核酸分子に付着した疎水性抱合体をさらに含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の単離された二本鎖核酸分子。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の単離された二本鎖核酸分子を含む、組成物。
- 薬学的に許容し得るキャリアをさらに含む、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 第2の治療剤をさらに含む、請求項7または8に記載の組成物。
- ALSを処置するための請求項7〜9のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 単離された二本鎖核酸分子が、中枢神経系への送達のために処方される、請求項10に記載の組成物。
- 単離された二本鎖核酸分子が、髄腔内注入および/または注射を介して投与される、請求項10または11に記載の組成物。
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