JP6929898B2 - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質及びその製造方法、並びにそれを含む正極を具備したリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質及びその製造方法、並びにそれを含む正極を具備したリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6929898B2 JP6929898B2 JP2019092126A JP2019092126A JP6929898B2 JP 6929898 B2 JP6929898 B2 JP 6929898B2 JP 2019092126 A JP2019092126 A JP 2019092126A JP 2019092126 A JP2019092126 A JP 2019092126A JP 6929898 B2 JP6929898 B2 JP 6929898B2
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- active material
- positive electrode
- lithium
- nickel
- particles
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 96
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 83
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 60
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 54
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 219
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 106
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- HMPRYWSTSPTPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[F] Chemical compound [Li].[F] HMPRYWSTSPTPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910016036 BaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910016509 CuF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015475 FeF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910005269 GaF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017768 LaF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010093 LiAlO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013184 LiBO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910008449 SnF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YOUIDGQAIILFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachlorotungsten Chemical compound Cl[W](Cl)(Cl)Cl YOUIDGQAIILFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 33
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 26
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910011328 LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910017071 Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960001760 dimethyl sulfoxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical compound COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical group COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910012722 Li3N-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012716 Li3N-LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012734 Li3N—LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013043 Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013035 Li3PO4-Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012810 Li3PO4—Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012797 Li3PO4—Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015044 LiB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010857 LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002991 LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015694 LiNi0.85Co0.1Al0.05O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015872 LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910016739 Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017223 Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910008326 Si-Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006773 Si—Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020997 Sn-Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008859 Sn—Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical class C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021475 bohrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N formamide Substances NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021473 hassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N hydroxyformaldehyde Chemical compound O[14CH]=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002055 nanoplate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940053662 nickel sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021481 rutherfordium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021477 seaborgium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001004 secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000018 strontium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Description
前記二次粒子は、放射形配列構造及び不規則多孔性構造(irregular porous structure)を含み、
前記放射形配列構造は、前記不規則多孔性構造に比べ、前記二次粒子表面近くに配置されているニッケル系活物質を含み、
前記ニッケル系活物質の表面には、リチウムフッ素系化合物が存在するリチウム二次電池用正極活物質が提供される。
前記ニッケル系活物質二次粒子にフッ化物前駆体を付加して反応混合物を得て、該反応混合物を酸化性ガス雰囲気で二次熱処理する段階と、を含み、
前記二次熱処理は、前記一次熱処理に比べ、低い温度で実施される、前記リチウム二次電池用正極活物質を得るリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法が提供される。
[化学式1]
Lia(Ni1−x−y−zCoxMnyMz)O2
[化学式2]
(Ni1−x−y−zCoxMnyMz)(OH)2
製造例1:複合金属ヒドロキシドの製造
[1段階]
まず、反応器に、濃度が0.30Mであるアンモニア水を入れた。撹拌動力1.5kW/m3、反応温度50℃で、金属原料及び錯化剤(アンモニア水)を、それぞれ90ml/min及び10ml/minの速度で投入しながら反応を始めた。pHを10ないし11に維持するために、水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)を投入しながら、6時間反応を実施した。反応結果として得られた粒子の平均サイズが、約5.5ないし6.5μm範囲であることを確認し、2段階を次のように実施した。
反応温度50℃を維持しながら、金属原料及び錯化剤を、それぞれ100ml/min及び15ml/minの速度に変更して投入し、錯化剤の濃度が0.35Mに維持されるようにした。pHを10ないし11に維持するために、NaOHを投入しながら、6時間反応させた。このとき、撹拌動力は、1.0kW/m3に下げて反応を進めた。そのような反応を実施して得られた生成物粒子の平均サイズが9ないし10μmであることを確認し、3段階を次のように実施した。
反応温度50℃を維持しながら、金属原料及び錯化剤を、それぞれ150ml/min及び20ml/minの速度に変更して投入し、錯化剤の濃度が0.40Mに維持されるようにした。pHを10ないし11に維持するために、NaOHを投入しながら、4時間反応させた。このとき、撹拌動力は、2段階と同一に維持した。
製造例1によって得た複合金属ヒドロキシド(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2(OH)2)、及び平均粒径が約10μmである水酸化リチウム(LiOH・H2O)を、ハイスピードミキサ(high speed mixer)を利用し、乾式で2,000rpmで混合し、それに対し、酸化雰囲気において、約850℃で8時間一次熱処理を実施し、ニッケル系活物質(LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2)二次粒子を得た。
二次熱処理温度が450℃に変化されたことを除いては、実施例1と同一に実施し、ニッケル系活物質二次粒子を得た。
製造例1によって得た複合金属ヒドロキシド(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2(OH)2)、及び平均粒径が約10μmである水酸化リチウム(LiOH・H2O)を、ハイスピードミキサを利用し、乾式で2,000rpmで混合し、それに対して焼成炉において、酸化雰囲気で約800℃で、6時間一次熱処理を実施し、ニッケル系活物質(LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2)二次粒子を得た。
二次熱処理温度が890℃に変化されたことを除いては、比較例1と同一方法によって実施し、ニッケル系活物質(LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2)二次粒子を得た。
製造例1によって得た複合金属ヒドロキシド(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2(OH)2)、平均粒径が約10μmである水酸化リチウム(LiOH・H2O)を、ハイスピードミキサを利用し、乾式で2,000rpmで混合し、それに対して焼成炉で、酸化雰囲気で約800℃で6時間一次熱処理を実施し、ニッケル系活物質(LiNi0.6Co0.6Mn0.2O2)二次粒子を得た。
一次熱処理温度が約850℃に変化され、二次熱処理時、ポリフッ化ビニリデンが使用されず、二次熱処理温度が約350℃に変化されたことを除いては、比較例3と同一方法によって実施し、ニッケル系活物質二次粒子を得た。
正極活物質として、実施例1によって得たニッケル系活物質(LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2)二次粒子を利用し、リチウム二次電池(コインセル)を次のように製造した。
実施例1によって得たニッケル系活物質二次粒子の代わりに、実施例2によって得たニッケル系活物質二次粒子をそれぞれ使用したことを除いては、製作例1と同一方法によって実施し、コインセルを製造した。
実施例1、実施例2、比較例1、比較例3及び比較例4で製造された正極活物質に対し、表面に存在する残留リチウムの含量を測定し、その結果の一部を下記表1に示した。
製作例1、製作例2、比較製作例2及び比較製作例3によって製造されたコインセルにおいて、25℃で0.1C rateの電流で、電圧が4.30V(対Li)に至るまで定電流充電し、次に、定電圧モードで4.30Vを維持しながら、0.05C rateの電流でカットオフ(cut-off)した。次に、放電時、電圧が3.0V(対Li)に至るまで、0.1C rateの定電流で放電した(第1サイクル、化成(formation)サイクル)。
[数式1]
初期充放電効率[%]=[第1サイクル放電容量/第1サイクル充電容量]×100
[数式2]
45℃寿命[%]=[50回目サイクル放電容量/第1サイクル放電容量]×100
製作例1及び比較製作例1によって製造されたコインセルに対し、4.4V過充電状態で、60℃、13日間保存しながら、厚み変化を測定した。そのような試験において、スウェリング結果を、初期厚み対比で最大厚み変化Δtとして求め、その結果を図7に示した。
実施例1及び2によって得たニッケル系活物質二次粒子に対する電子走査顕微鏡分析を実施した。電子走査顕微鏡は、Magellan 400L(FEI company)を利用した。サンプル断面は、JEOL社のCP2を利用し、6kV、150μA、4時間ミリングし、前処理を実施した。そして、該電子走査顕微鏡分析は、350V条件で実施した。
実施例1によって得たニッケル系活物質二次粒子に対する電子走査顕微鏡分析を実施した。該電子走査顕微鏡は、Magellan 400L(FEI company)を利用した。サンプル断面は、JEOL社のCP2を利用し、6kV、150μAで4時間ミリングすることによって前処理を行った。そして、該電子走査顕微鏡分析は、350Vで行った。該電子走査顕微鏡分析結果を図8に示した。図8を参照すれば、ニッケル系活物質二次粒子は、放射形構造の外部を維持しながら、その内部には、不規則多孔性構造を有するということを確認することができた。
11 不規則多孔性構造
12,41b 放射形配列構造
41 一次粒子構造体
41a 多孔性内部構造
41c,50 一次粒子
42 二次粒子
61 リチウム二次電池
62 負極
63 正極
64 セパレータ
65 電池ケース
66 キャップアセンブリ
Claims (13)
- ニッケル系活物質の二次粒子を含み、前記二次粒子は、複数の一次粒子を含み、
前記二次粒子は、放射形配列構造及び不規則多孔性構造を含み、
前記放射形配列構造は、前記一次粒子の厚み方向が、前記二次粒子の中心に向かう方向と垂直方向、または垂直方向から±10゜の方向をなすように整列されるものであり、
前記放射形配列構造は、前記不規則多孔性構造に比べ、前記二次粒子の表面近くに配置されているニッケル系活物質を含み、
前記ニッケル系活物質の表面には、リチウムフッ素系化合物が存在するリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記リチウムフッ素系化合物のフッ素は、前記ニッケル系活物質100重量部を基準にし、0.01ないし1重量部で含まれることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記二次粒子は、一次粒子の凝集体であり、前記一次粒子間に異種元素化合物が含まれ、
前記異種元素化合物は、ジルコニウム(Zr)、チタン(Ti)、アルミニウム(Al)、マグネシウム(Mg)、タングステン(W)、リン(P)、及びボロン(B)のうちから選択された1以上の元素を含む化合物であるか;あるいは前記異種元素化合物は、ジルコニウム(Zr)、チタン(Ti)、アルミニウム(Al)、マグネシウム(Mg)、タングステン(W)、リン(P)及びボロン(B)のうちから選択された1以上の元素を含む化合物と、リチウムとを含む化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記ニッケル系活物質は、プレート粒子を含み、前記プレート粒子の長軸が、放射形方向に配列されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記ニッケル系活物質は、下記化学式1で表示される活物質であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質:
[化学式1]
Lia(Ni1−x−y−zCoxMnyMz)O2
前記化学式1で、Mは、ボロン(B)、マグネシウム(Mg)、カルシウム(Ca)、ストロンチウム(Sr)、バリウム(Ba)、チタン(Ti)、バナジウム(V)、クロム(Cr)、鉄(Fe)、銅(Cu)、ジルコニウム(Zr)及びアルミニウム(Al)からなるグループのうちから選択される元素であり、
0.95≦a≦1.3であり、x≦(1−x−y−z)、y≦(1−x−y−z)、z≦(1−x−y−z)、0<x<1、0≦y<1、0≦z<1である。 - 2以上の一次粒子の凝集体を含む、ニッケル系活物質の二次粒子を含み、
前記二次粒子は、前記一次粒子の(003)面が、前記二次粒子の最外郭面と垂直方向になるように、前記一次粒子が配向される放射形配列構造を含み、
前記垂直方向は、前記二次粒子の最外郭面と互いに90゜±20゜の角をなしながら交差するものであり、
前記一次粒子の50%以上が、前記放射形配列構造に配列され、
前記二次粒子の表面には、リチウムフッ素系化合物が存在するリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。 - 請求項1ないし6のうちいずれか1項に記載の正極活物質を含む正極、負極、及びそれらの間に介在された電解質を含むリチウム二次電池。
- リチウム原料及び金属ヒドロキシドの混合物を、酸化性ガス雰囲気で一次熱処理し、ニッケル系活物質二次粒子を製造する段階と、
前記ニッケル系活物質二次粒子にフッ化物前駆体を付加して反応混合物を得て、該反応混合物を酸化性ガス雰囲気で二次熱処理する段階と、を含み、
前記二次熱処理は、前記一次熱処理に比べ、低い温度で実施される請求項1ないし6のうちいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質を得るリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記一次熱処理は、600ないし900℃で実施し、前記二次熱処理は、300℃以上600℃未満で実施することを特徴とする請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記フッ化物前駆体が、フッ素含有高分子及び金属フッ化物からなる群から選択された1以上であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記フッ素含有高分子は、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、フッ化ビニリデン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンからなる群から選択された1以上であり、
前記金属フッ化物は、MgF2、MnF2、LaF3、BiF3、PbF2、KF、CaF2、BaF2、SnF2、SrF2、AlF3、ZrF4、GaF3、HfF4、YbF3、ThF3、ZnF2InF3、UF3、YF3、CuF2、CoF2、FeF2、FeF3、NiF2、CrF2、MnF3、NaF及びTiF3のうちから選択された1以上であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記二次熱処理時、ジルコニウム(Zr)、チタン(Ti)、アルミニウム(Al)、マグネシウム(Mg)、タングステン(W)、リン(P)、ボロン(B)のうちから選択された1以上の元素を含む異種元素化合物がさらに付加されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記異種元素化合物は、酸化チタン、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)、酸化マグネシウム、塩化タングステン、第1リン酸アンモニウム、LiAlO2、Li2TiO3、Li2ZrO3、LiBO3、Li3PO4またはその組み合わせ物であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
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PL3333129T3 (pl) | 2016-12-08 | 2021-03-08 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Aktywny materiał na bazie niklu do akumulatora litowego, metoda jego przygotowywania oraz akumulator litowy wyposażony w zawierającą ten materiał katodę |
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2018
- 2018-05-15 KR KR1020180055658A patent/KR20190130932A/ko active Application Filing
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2019
- 2019-05-13 PL PL19174235.2T patent/PL3575269T3/pl unknown
- 2019-05-13 EP EP19174235.2A patent/EP3575269B1/en active Active
- 2019-05-14 US US16/412,185 patent/US11152610B2/en active Active
- 2019-05-15 JP JP2019092126A patent/JP6929898B2/ja active Active
- 2019-05-15 CN CN201910403350.5A patent/CN110492064B/zh active Active
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PL3575269T3 (pl) | 2024-04-29 |
US20220029154A1 (en) | 2022-01-27 |
JP2019200991A (ja) | 2019-11-21 |
US20190355981A1 (en) | 2019-11-21 |
US11152610B2 (en) | 2021-10-19 |
CN110492064B (zh) | 2022-05-31 |
CN110492064A (zh) | 2019-11-22 |
EP3575269B1 (en) | 2024-01-17 |
KR20190130932A (ko) | 2019-11-25 |
EP3575269A1 (en) | 2019-12-04 |
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