JP6916275B2 - 乳化性開始剤、コア−シェル共重合体、およびそれを含む熱可塑性樹脂組成物 - Google Patents
乳化性開始剤、コア−シェル共重合体、およびそれを含む熱可塑性樹脂組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6916275B2 JP6916275B2 JP2019515474A JP2019515474A JP6916275B2 JP 6916275 B2 JP6916275 B2 JP 6916275B2 JP 2019515474 A JP2019515474 A JP 2019515474A JP 2019515474 A JP2019515474 A JP 2019515474A JP 6916275 B2 JP6916275 B2 JP 6916275B2
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- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium peroxydisulfate Substances [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)OOS([O-])=O VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940054720 avage Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- MUCRFDZUHPMASM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-chlorophenyl) carbonate Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1Cl MUCRFDZUHPMASM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MOIPGXQKZSZOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl bromide Chemical compound BrC(Br)=O MOIPGXQKZSZOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001734 carboxylic acid salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OCCCC QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYIBPWZEZWVDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexyl carbonate Chemical compound C1CCCCC1OC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 FYIBPWZEZWVDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCUYBXPSSCRKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosgene Chemical compound ClC(=O)OC(Cl)(Cl)Cl HCUYBXPSSCRKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010559 graft polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BYSRUWKGUGERFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hex-1-en-3-yne Chemical compound CCC#CC=C BYSRUWKGUGERFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002356 laser light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZCOBXFFBQJQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCS KZCOBXFFBQJQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002081 peroxide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000176 photostabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCPYLLCMEDAXFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)OC(=O)OC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UCPYLLCMEDAXFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
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Description
実施例1
<乳化性開始剤の製造>
攪拌機、温度計、窒素投入口、および循環コンデンサ付きの四口フラスコの反応器に、イオン交換水190重量部を投入し、窒素雰囲気下で前記反応器の内部温度を60℃に昇温して維持した。反応器の内部温度が60℃に達した後、スチレン7重量部、アクリル酸2重量部、2−t−ブチルパーオキシ−2−メチル−5−ヘキセン−3−イン1重量部、分子量調節剤としてt−ドデシルメルカプタン0.05重量部、および水溶性重合開始剤として過硫酸カリウム(KPS)0.1重量部を一度に投入して反応を進行させた。3時間熟成後に反応を終了して乳化性開始剤ラテックスを製造した。この際、重合転換率は96%であった。
前記乳化性開始剤ラテックスを製造した後、前記反応器の内部温度を75℃に昇温して維持した。反応器の内部温度が75℃に達した後、ブチルアクリレート49.35重量部、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート15重量部、およびアリルメタクリレート0.65重量部のコア形成単量体混合物を3時間連続して投入して反応を進行させた。コア形成単量体混合物の投入完了後、2時間熟成後に反応を終了してコアラテックスを製造した。この際の重合転換率は98%であり、コア粒子の平均粒径は225nmであった。
前記コアラテックスを製造した後、前記反応器の内部温度を75℃に維持した。次いで、メチルメタクリレート22.3重量部、ブチルアクリレート2.5重量部、およびエチレングリコールジメタクリレート0.2重量部のシェル形成単量体混合物を2時間連続して投入して反応を進行させた。シェル形成単量体混合物の投入完了後、1時間30分熟成後に反応を終了してコア−シェル共重合体ラテックスを製造した。この際の重合転換率は99%であり、コア−シェル共重合体粒子の平均粒径は245nmであった。
前記得られたコア−シェル共重合体ラテックスに、固形分のコア−シェル共重合体100重量部を基準として1重量部の硫酸マグネシウム水溶液(濃度15%)を凝集剤として一度に投入して凝集し、スラリーを得た後、前記スラリーをイオン交換水で3回洗浄(washing)して副産物を洗い流し、濾過(filtration)して洗浄水を除去した。次いで、流動層乾燥器(fluidized−bed dryer)を用いて80℃で2時間乾燥することで、コア−シェル共重合体粉体を得た。
前記実施例1において、乳化性開始剤の製造時に、スチレンを6.5重量部、アクリル酸を2重量部、2−t−ブチルパーオキシ−2−メチル−5−ヘキセン−3−インを1.5重量部投入したことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により行った。
前記実施例1において、コア−シェル共重合体の製造時に、メチルメタクリレートおよびブチルアクリレートに代えて、スチレンを19.8重量部、アクリロニトリルを5.0重量部投入したことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により行った。
前記実施例1において、乳化性開始剤の製造時に、スチレンを5重量部、アクリル酸を3重量部、2−t−ブチルパーオキシ−2−メチル−5−ヘキセン−3−インを2重量部投入したことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により行った。
<ポリスチレンシードの製造>
攪拌機、温度計、窒素投入口、および循環コンデンサ付きの四口フラスコの反応器に、イオン交換水190重量部を投入し、窒素雰囲気下で前記反応器の内部温度を70℃に昇温して維持した。反応器の内部温度が70℃に達した後、スチレン10重量部、乳化剤として脂肪酸石けん0.5重量部、電解質として炭酸水素ナトリウム(NaHCO3)0.5重量部、および水溶性重合開始剤として過硫酸カリウム(KPS)0.1重量部を一度に投入して反応を進行させた。2時間熟成後に反応を終了してポリスチレンシードラテックスを製造した。この際の重合転換率は96%であった。
前記乳化性開始剤ラテックスを製造した後、前記反応器の内部温度を70℃に維持した。次いで、ブチルアクリレート49.35重量部、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート15重量部、アリルメタクリレート0.65重量部、乳化剤として脂肪酸石けん1重量部、および水溶性重合開始剤として過硫酸カリウム0.5重量部のコア形成単量体混合物を3時間連続して投入して反応を進行させた。コア形成単量体混合物の投入完了後、2時間熟成後に反応を終了してコアラテックスを製造した。この際の重合転換率は98%であり、コア粒子の平均粒径は220nmであった。
前記コアラテックスを製造した後、前記反応器の内部温度を75℃に昇温して維持した。反応器の内部温度が75℃に達した後、メチルメタクリレート22.3重量部、ブチルアクリレート2.5重量部、エチレングリコールジメタクリレート0.2重量部、乳化剤として脂肪酸石けん0.5重量部、および水溶性開始剤として過硫酸カリウム0.2重量部のシェル形成単量体混合物を2時間連続して投入して反応を進行させた。シェル形成単量体混合物の投入完了後、1時間30分熟成後に反応を終了してコア−シェル共重合体ラテックスを製造した。この際の重合転換率は98%であり、コア−シェル共重合体粒子の平均粒径は241nmであった。
前記得られたコア−シェル共重合体ラテックスに、固形分のコア−シェル共重合体100重量部を基準として1重量部の硫酸マグネシウム水溶液(濃度15%)を凝集剤として一度に投入して凝集し、スラリーを得た後、前記スラリーをイオン交換水で3回洗浄(washing)して副産物を洗い流し、濾過(filtration)して洗浄水を除去した。次いで、流動層乾燥器(fluidized−bed dryer)を用いて80℃で2時間乾燥することで、コア−シェル共重合体粉体を得た。
前記実施例1において、乳化性開始剤の製造時に、スチレンを0.7重量部、アクリル酸を0.2重量部、2−t−ブチルパーオキシ−2−メチル−5−ヘキセン−3−インを0.1重量部投入して乳化性開始剤を製造し、コアの製造時に、ブチルアクリレートを58.30重量部、アリルメタクリレートを0.7重量部投入したことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により行った。
前記実施例1において、乳化性開始剤の製造時に、重合温度を50℃に維持し、分子量調節剤であるt−ドデシルメルカプタンを投入せず、水溶性重合開始剤である過硫酸カリウム(KPS)0.005重量部を投入したことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により行った。
前記実施例1において、乳化性開始剤の製造時に、スチレンを2重量部、アクリル酸を4重量部、2−t−ブチルパーオキシ−2−メチル−5−ヘキセン−3−インを4重量部投入したことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により行った。
前記実施例1において、乳化性開始剤の製造時に、スチレンを9.5重量部、アクリル酸を0.25重量部、2−t−ブチルパーオキシ−2−メチル−5−ヘキセン−3−インを0.25重量部投入したことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により行った。
前記実施例1において、乳化性開始剤の製造時に、スチレンを17.5重量部、アクリル酸を5重量部、2−t−ブチルパーオキシ−2−メチル−5−ヘキセン−3−インを2.5重量部投入して乳化性開始剤を製造し、コアの製造時に、ブチルアクリレートを34.5重量部、アリルメタクリレートを0.5重量部投入したことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により行った。
前記実施例1において、乳化性開始剤の製造時に、反応器の内部温度を90℃に調節し、分子量調節剤としてt−ドデシルメルカプタン0.8重量部、および水溶性重合開始剤として過硫酸カリウム(KPS)1.2重量部を一度に投入して反応を進行させたことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により行った。
実験例1
前記実施例1〜4および比較例2〜7で製造された各乳化性開始剤の重量平均分子量および臨界ミセル濃度を下記のような方法により測定し、その結果とともに各コア−シェル共重合体の組成を下記表1および2に記載した。
コア−シェル共重合体粉体およびポリカーボネート樹脂の全含量100重量部を基準として、前記実施例1〜4および比較例1〜7で製造されたコア−シェル共重合体またはポリスチレンシード4重量部、ポリカーボネート樹脂(LG−Dow社製、製品名PC1300−15)96重量部とともに、添加剤として、加工添加剤0.5重量部と顔料0.02重量部を混合した後、ライストリッツ(Leistritz)社の二軸押出機(twin screw extruder)を用いて、200rpm、計量速度60kg/hr、温度250℃〜320℃の条件で押出することで、ペレット(pellet)を得た。得たペレットをEC100 Φ30射出機(エンゲル(ENGEL)社製)を用いて、温度250℃〜320℃の条件で射出することで、物性評価のための試験片を製作した後、その物性を下記の方法により測定して表3および4に示した。
1)衝撃強度変化量(常温ΔIzod IS):切欠き(notch)が形成された1/8’’厚さの試験片を、恒温恒湿チャンバーで内部温度90℃、相対湿度95%の条件下で500時間熟成(aging)した後、標準測定方法ASTM D256、方法Aに準じて、常温(15℃〜25℃)での衝撃強度を測定し、衝撃強度変化量(=熟成後衝撃強度−熟成前衝撃強度)を計算した。
Claims (12)
- 乳化部と、開始部と、ビニル単量体由来の繰り返し単位と、を含み、前記乳化部は有機酸系単量体由来の繰り返し単位を含み、前記開始部はパーオキサイド系単量体由来の繰り返し単位を含み、
乳化性開始剤の全含量に対し、前記有機酸系単量体由来の繰り返し単位の含量が20重量%〜30重量%であり、前記パーオキサイド系単量体由来の繰り返し単位の含量が10重量%〜20重量%であり、前記ビニル単量体由来の繰り返し単位の含量が50重量%〜70重量%であり、
重量平均分子量が250,000g/mol未満であり、
下記化学式2で表される
乳化性開始剤。
R1’は単一結合または炭素数1のアルキレン基であり、
R2は炭素数2〜3のアルキニレン基であり、
R3およびR7は、それぞれ独立して、単一結合または炭素数1〜3のアルキレン基であり、
R4およびR5は、それぞれ独立して、炭素数1〜5のアルキル基であり、
R6は、炭素数1〜5のアルキル基であり、
R8は、水素であり、
R9は、炭素数5〜12のアリール基、炭素数6〜10のアルキルアリール基、または炭素数3〜10のヘテロアリール基であり、
l、m、nはそれぞれ独立して、1〜100,000から選択される整数である。) - 重量平均分子量が5,000g/mol〜200,000g/molである、請求項1に記載の乳化性開始剤。
- 臨界ミセル濃度が0.1g/L〜30g/Lである、請求項1または2に記載の乳化性開始剤。
- 前記パーオキサイド系単量体は、2−t−ブチルパーオキシ−2−メチル−5−ヘキセン−3−イン(2−tert−butylperoxy−2−methyl−5−hexene−3−yne)である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の乳化性開始剤。
- コア−シェル共重合体であって、
前記コアは、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の乳化性開始剤由来層と、前記乳化性開始剤由来層に結合されたコア形成単量体由来の繰り返し単位と、を含み、
前記シェルはシェル形成単量体由来の繰り返し単位を含み、
前記コア−シェル共重合体の全含量に対し、
前記乳化性開始剤由来層の含量が2重量%〜20重量%であり、
前記コア形成単量体由来の繰り返し単位の含量が40重量%〜88重量%であり、
前記シェル形成単量体由来の繰り返し単位の含量が10重量%〜40重量%である、コア−シェル共重合体。 - 前記コア形成単量体は、アルキル(メタ)アクリレート単量体および架橋性単量体を含む、請求項5に記載のコア−シェル共重合体。
- 前記シェル形成単量体は、アルキル(メタ)アクリレート単量体、芳香族ビニル単量体、およびビニルシアン単量体からなる群から選択される2種以上の単量体;および架橋性単量体を含む、請求項5または6に記載のコア−シェル共重合体。
- i)有機酸系単量体、パーオキサイド系単量体、およびビニル単量体を重合させ、重量平均分子量が250,000g/mol未満の乳化性開始剤を製造するステップ(S1)と、
ii)前記(S1)ステップで製造された乳化性開始剤の存在下で、コア形成単量体をインサイチュ(in situ)反応させてコア重合体を製造するステップ(S2)と、
iii)前記(S2)ステップで製造されたコア重合体の存在下で、シェル形成単量体を反応させてコア−シェル共重合体を製造するステップ(S3)と、を含み、
前記(S1)ステップにおける各単量体の含量が、乳化性開始剤の全含量に対し、有機酸系単量体20重量%〜30重量%、パーオキサイド系単量体10重量%〜20重量%、およびビニル単量体50重量%〜70重量%であり、
前記(S2)および(S3)ステップにおける乳化性開始剤、コア形成単量体、およびシェル形成単量体の含量が、コア−シェル共重合体の全含量に対し、乳化性開始剤2重量%〜20重量%、コア形成単量体40重量%〜88重量%、シェル形成単量体10重量%〜40重量%であり、
前記パーオキサイド系単量体は、以下の式(I)で表され、
前記有機酸系単量体は、以下の式(II)で表され、
前記ビニル単量体は、以下の式(III)で表される
コア−シェル共重合体の製造方法。
R1’は単一結合または炭素数1のアルキレン基であり、
R2は炭素数2〜3のアルキニレン基であり、
R3およびR7は、それぞれ独立して、単一結合または炭素数1〜3のアルキレン基であり、
R4およびR5は、それぞれ独立して、炭素数1〜5のアルキル基であり、
R6は、炭素数1〜5のアルキル基であり、
R8は、水素であり、
R9は、炭素数5〜12のアリール基、炭素数6〜10のアルキルアリール基、または炭素数3〜10のヘテロアリール基である。) - 前記(S3)ステップでは、前記(S2)ステップで製造されたコア重合体の存在下で、シェル形成単量体をインサイチュ(in situ)グラフト重合させる、請求項8に記載のコア−シェル共重合体の製造方法。
- 請求項5から7の何れか一項に記載のコア−シェル共重合体、およびポリカーボネート系樹脂を含む、熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂組成物の全含量に対し、前記コア−シェル共重合体の含量が0.1重量%〜50重量%であり、前記ポリカーボネート系樹脂の含量が50重量%〜99.9重量%である、請求項10に記載の熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- 標準測定ASTM D−256、方法Aによる、1/8″厚さの試験片の−30℃での衝撃強度が10kgf・cm/cm〜20kgf・cm/cmであり、常温(15℃〜25℃)での衝撃強度が50kgf・cm/cm以上である、請求項10または11に記載の熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
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