JP6881279B2 - 電気化学リアクタ及び電気化学リアクタを備えた内燃機関 - Google Patents
電気化学リアクタ及び電気化学リアクタを備えた内燃機関 Download PDFInfo
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- F01N2240/34—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electrolyser
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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Description
まず、図1を参照して、本発明の一つの実施形態に係る内燃機関1の構成について説明する。図1は、内燃機関1の概略的な構成図である。図1に示したように、内燃機関1は、機関本体10、燃料供給装置20、吸気系30、排気系40及び制御装置50を備える。
制御装置50は、このようにして入力された機関負荷及び機関回転速度等に基づいて、燃料噴射弁21から噴射される燃料量を制御する噴射量制御を行う。噴射量制御では、基本的には、機関負荷が高くなるほど、各サイクル中に燃料噴射弁21から噴射される燃料の量が多くなるように噴射量が制御される。これに対して、本実施形態では、機関負荷が変化しても、各気筒11に供給される空気量はそれほど変化しない。この結果、機関負荷が高くなるほど、各気筒11内に供給される混合気の空燃比が高くなる。
次に、図2及び図3を参照して、本実施形態に係る電気化学リアクタ70の構成について説明する。図2は、電気化学リアクタ70の断面側面図である。図2に示したように、電気化学リアクタ70は、隔壁71と、隔壁によって画定される通路72とを備える。隔壁71は、互いに平行に延びる複数の第1隔壁と、これら第1隔壁に対して垂直に且つ互いに平行に延びる複数の第2隔壁とを備える。通路72は、これら第1隔壁及び第2隔壁によって画定され、互いに平行に延びる。したがって、本実施形態に係る電気化学リアクタ70は、ハニカム構造を有する。電気化学リアクタ70に流入した排気ガスは複数の通路72を通って流れる。
特に、本実施形態では、電源装置73は、電流計74によって検出される電流値が目標値となるように制御される。
アノード側 2H2O→4H++O2+4e
カソード側 2NO+4H++4e→N2+2H2O
次に、図5を参照して、上述したように構成された電気化学リアクタ70の性質について簡単に説明する。図5(A)は、電源装置73から流される電流が小さいときにおける隔壁71周りで生じる反応を概略的に示す図である。図5(B)は、電源装置73から流される電流が大きいときにおける隔壁71周りで生じる反応を概略的に示す図である。
そこで、本実施形態では、電源装置73は、アノード層76に保持される水分子が相対的に少ないときには、相対的に多いときに比べて、アノード層76とカソード層77とを通って流れる電流を小さくする。特に、本実施形態では、電源装置73は、アノード層76に保持される水分子が少なくなるほど、アノード層76とカソード層77とを通って流れる電流を小さくする。
本実施形態に係る内燃機関1では、排気ガス中の水分子の濃度が低いとき、すなわちアノード層76に保持される水分子が相対的に少ないときに、アノード層76とカソード層77とを通って流れる電流が小さくされる。これにより、過剰なプロトンの生成が抑制され、アノード層76に保持されている水分子の量が減少するのを抑制することができ、アノード層76に保持されている水分子の量が減少することに伴うNOxの浄化性能の低下を抑制することができる。
式(1)において、A、α、βは定数、ΔEは活性化エネルギ、Rは気体定数、Tは温度をそれぞれ表している。また、[NOx]はNOxの濃度、[H+]はプロトンの濃度をそれぞれ表している。式(1)からわかるように、NOxとプロトンとの反応における反応速度vは、NOxの濃度[NOx]が高いほど且つプロトンの濃度[H+]が高いほど速い。
次に、上記実施形態の変形例について説明する。上記実施形態では、各気筒11内に供給される混合気の空燃比、及び燃料カット制御の実施の有無に応じて、アノード層76とカソード層77とを通って流れる電流を制御している。しかしながら、アノード層76に保持されている水分子の量は、これら以外の要因に応じても変化する。
10 機関本体
20 燃料供給装置
30 吸気系
40 排気系
50 制御装置
70 電気化学リアクタ
71 隔壁
72 通路
73 電源装置
75 固体電解質層
76 アノード層
77 カソード層
Claims (2)
- 電気化学リアクタが排気通路内に設けられた内燃機関であって、
前記電気化学リアクタは、プロトン伝導性の固体電解質層と、該固体電解質層の表面上に配置されると共に水分子を保持可能なアノード層と、前記固体電解質層の表面上に配置されるカソード層と、前記アノード層と前記カソード層とを通って流れる電流を制御する電流制御装置とを備え、
前記電流制御装置は、前記アノード層に保持された水分子が少なくなるときには、前記アノード層と前記カソード層とを通って流れる電流を小さくし、
前記電気化学リアクタは、前記アノード層及び前記カソード層のいずれもが排気ガスに曝されるように排気通路内に配置され、
当該内燃機関は、内燃機関の作動中に内燃機関への燃料の供給を停止する燃料カット制御を行うように構成され、
前記電流制御装置は、前記燃料カット制御が開始されるときには、前記アノード層に保持された水分子が少なくなるとして、前記電流を小さくする、内燃機関。 - 当該内燃機関は内燃機関に供給される混合気の空燃比を変化させることができるように構成され、
前記電流制御装置は、前記混合気の空燃比がリーン側に変化するときには、前記アノード層に保持された水分子が少なくなるとして、前記電流を小さくする、請求項1に記載の内燃機関。
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JP2017249769A JP6881279B2 (ja) | 2017-12-26 | 2017-12-26 | 電気化学リアクタ及び電気化学リアクタを備えた内燃機関 |
CN201811431165.9A CN109958511B (zh) | 2017-12-26 | 2018-11-28 | 电化学反应器和具备电化学反应器的内燃机 |
US16/215,705 US10794250B2 (en) | 2017-12-26 | 2018-12-11 | Electrochemical reactor and internal combustion engine provided with electrochemical reactor |
BR102018076477-2A BR102018076477A2 (pt) | 2017-12-26 | 2018-12-19 | Reator eletroquímico e motor de combustão interna fornecidos com reator eletroquímico |
KR1020180165979A KR20190078511A (ko) | 2017-12-26 | 2018-12-20 | 전기 화학 리액터 및 전기 화학 리액터를 구비한 내연 기관 |
EP18215260.3A EP3505730B1 (en) | 2017-12-26 | 2018-12-21 | Electrochemical reactor |
RU2018145982A RU2702070C1 (ru) | 2017-12-26 | 2018-12-25 | Электрохимический реактор и двигатель внутреннего сгорания, содержащий электрохимический реактор |
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US4253925A (en) * | 1979-10-22 | 1981-03-03 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Method and apparatus for catalytic dissociation of NO |
DE3644090A1 (de) | 1986-12-23 | 1988-07-07 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum reinigen von abgasen |
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PT2553229E (pt) * | 2010-04-02 | 2015-02-13 | Univ Ohio | Redução catalítica selectiva através de uma electrólise de ureia |
CN105169900A (zh) * | 2014-05-30 | 2015-12-23 | 通用电气公司 | 氮氧化物分解方法和装置 |
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- 2018-12-19 BR BR102018076477-2A patent/BR102018076477A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-12-20 KR KR1020180165979A patent/KR20190078511A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-12-21 EP EP18215260.3A patent/EP3505730B1/en active Active
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KR20190078511A (ko) | 2019-07-04 |
BR102018076477A2 (pt) | 2019-08-20 |
RU2702070C1 (ru) | 2019-10-03 |
CN109958511B (zh) | 2021-04-23 |
EP3505730A1 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
JP2019116841A (ja) | 2019-07-18 |
EP3505730B1 (en) | 2020-08-12 |
US10794250B2 (en) | 2020-10-06 |
US20190195105A1 (en) | 2019-06-27 |
CN109958511A (zh) | 2019-07-02 |
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