JP6849747B2 - アブレーション器具 - Google Patents
アブレーション器具 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6849747B2 JP6849747B2 JP2019131314A JP2019131314A JP6849747B2 JP 6849747 B2 JP6849747 B2 JP 6849747B2 JP 2019131314 A JP2019131314 A JP 2019131314A JP 2019131314 A JP2019131314 A JP 2019131314A JP 6849747 B2 JP6849747 B2 JP 6849747B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- wire
- spacer
- elongated body
- fluid
- ablation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
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- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Description
本願は、2011年4月12日に提出され、発明の名称が「Improvement in Ablation Catheters」である米国仮特許出願第61/474,574の優先権を主張する。また本願は、本願と同時に提出された、発明の名称が「Devices and Methods for Remote Temperature Monitoring in Fluid Enhanced Ablation Therapy」である米国特許出願、発明の名称が「Devices and Methods for Shaping Therapy in Fluid Enhanced Ablation」である米国特許出願、発明の名称が「Methods and Devices for Controlling Ablation Therapy」である米国特許出願、および発明の名称が「Methods and Devices for Use of Degassed Fluids with Fluid Enhanced Ablation Devices」である米国特許出願にも関連する。これらの特許出願のそれぞれの開示内容は、その全体が本明細書に参照により組み込まれる。
本願発明は一般的に、流体補助アブレーション器具で用いられる加熱要素に関する。上述したように流体補助アブレーションは、アブレーション要素から治療効果のあるエネルギーを供給しつつ組織へ流体を流すことと定義される。組織へ治療効果のあるエネルギーを供給することにより、組織内での異常高熱、さらには壊死が引き起こされる。この温度により引き起こされる組織の選択的な破壊を用い、腫瘍、子宮筋腫、不整脈(例えば、心室頻脈)、およびその他を含む様々な疾患の治療を行うことが出来る。
一般的にアブレーションは、組織の選択的な壊死および/または除去を行うために高温または低温での治療を伴う。アブレーションにより実現される組織の熱破壊には時間と温度との間の関係が知られている。一般的に、組織に対して不可逆的な熱損傷を引き起こす閾値温度は、およそ摂氏41度(℃)であると認められている。また、治療温度が41℃を超えてさらに上昇すると特定のレベルの細胞壊死を引き起こすのに必要とされる時間は短くなることも知られている。細胞のタイプごとに正確な時間/温度の関係は異なるが、多くの異なる細胞のタイプに関して、所望される熱量レベルを判断するのに用いられ得る一般的な関係があるものと理解されている。この関係は43℃での等価時間と一般的に呼ばれ、以下のように表される。
上述したように、細長ボディの内部ルーメン内を流れる生理食塩水または他の流体は、内部ルーメン内に配置された加熱アセンブリにより治療効果のある温度まで加熱され得る。図4は、そのようなアセンブリの一実施形態を示す。近位端および鋭利な遠位端404を有する細長ボディ402は、内部ルーメン406を含む。また細長ボディ402は細長ボディ402を囲む組織へRFエネルギーを供給する、放射電極405などの少なくとも1つのアブレーション要素も含む。また電極405は、内部ルーメン406から周辺組織へ流体を供給する1以上の出口ポート408も含む。
図8は、加熱アセンブリ110の第2実施形態を示す。本実施形態においては、導電性の細長ボディ、または細長ボディ内に配置された導電性管と組み合わせて単一のワイヤが用いられ、細長ボディの内部ルーメン内を流れる流体へRFエネルギーが供給される。このような加熱設計を用いると、例えば心室頻脈など不整脈の治療において患者の心臓部位に到達するために小さなサイズの細長ボディが用いられる実施形態において有利であり得る。さらに、このような構成により、以下に説明するように、細長ボディの内部ルーメンを流れる流体をより均一に加熱可能となる。さらには、当業者であれば、デュアルワイヤアセンブリ、およびシングルワイヤアセンブリは、それぞれの実施形態に関して本明細書において説明される特徴のいずれの組み合わせも含み得ることを理解されよう。
本明細書で説明される加熱アセンブリ110の様々な実施形態は、流体補助アブレーションシステムに関して多くの利点を提供する。例えば、スペーサが1以上のワイヤと第2のワイヤと、および/または細長ボディとの幾何学的関係を実質的に一定に維持できることにより、流体補助アブレーション器具またはシステムの製造の信頼性が高まる。その理由は、RFエネルギーを細長ボディの内部ルーメン内を流れる流体に供給するのに用いられる電源が、限られた範囲の抵抗のみを効果的に加熱すればよくなるからである。よって、一貫性のある動作を実現するには、電源が電力を流すことになる抵抗は、当該電源の加熱可能な範囲内に居続けなければならない。構造体の電気抵抗は一般的には、当該構造体を構成する材料の特定の抵抗値と、その配置との両方に依存する。細長ボディ102内を流れる流体の特定の抵抗値、並びに、細長ボディおよびヒーター110を形成するのに用いられる材料の特定の抵抗値は既に知られている。このことは、抵抗に関して知られていない残りの可変要素は、部材の配置の変化(例えば、電極同士の相対的な移動)から生じる可能性が高いということを意味する。スペーサは、この配置上の変化を最小にすることにより、流体補助アブレーションシステムのより一貫性の高い性能を実現し得る。
当業者であれば、対象組織内でその破壊に十分なだけの異常高熱を引き起こす加熱メカニズムには、他の形態のエネルギーが含まれることを理解されよう。マイクロ波および光波電磁エネルギーに加え、超音波振動エネルギーは組織によって吸収され、熱に変換されることが分かっている。代替的な実施形態においては、超音波振動子、マイクロ波アンテナ、または光波ディフーザが細長ボディの遠位端に配置されるエミッターとして用いられ得る。光波電磁エネルギーは、可視光放射、近赤外放射、赤外放射、および遠赤外放射の範囲に含まれ、フィラメント、アーク灯、様々な形態のレーザ(例えば、ダイオード、半導体、またはポンプ)、または他の手段により生成され得る。同様に、細長ボディの遠位端は、伝導により組織を加熱するための抵抗ワイヤなどの加熱メカニズムを含むよう適合され得る。用いられるアブレーション要素のタイプに関わらず、これらのアブレーション要素のいずれかに近接する組織への加熱された液体の注入により、各器具の、より大きな組織塊を加熱する能力を向上させる。したがって、本明細書に開示される加熱アセンブリは、これらの代替的なアブレーションエネルギー源のいずれを用いる器具であっても適用可能である。また、供給器具は、治療対象の組織に応じて、標準的な医療用供給器具のいずれかであり得る。代替的な実施形態においては、金属または非金属の針、シース、または誘導針が用いられ得る。
上述したように、本明細書で開示される器具およびシステムの様々な実施形態は、多数の疾患を治療するべく、様々な手技において用いられ得る。例えば、本明細書で開示される医療器具は、開口手技または経皮的なアブレーション療法において、直接的に対象の組織塊へ導入されてもよい。代替的に、医療器具は、腹腔鏡または他の低侵襲手技において、1以上の組織層を通過させられてもよい。さらに、器具は、1以上の組織層を貫通して形成された開口または他の穴を介して、或いは自然な開口部から(つまり内視鏡的に)、患者へ導入されてもよい。採用される器具に応じて、図2に示されるように細長ボディを直接的に挿入することにより、或いは、例えば患者の循環系を介して細長ボディを収容するカテーテルを導入することにより、供給が促され得る。治療部位への供給に続き、アブレーション要素が治療対象の組織塊内に配置されるように、手術器具の一部、例えば、細長ボディ102の遠位部が治療対象の組織塊へ挿入され得る。いくつかの実施形態において、アブレーション要素は治療対象の組織塊の中心近くに位置付けされる。
本明細書で開示される器具は、1度使用された後に破棄されるものであってもよく、或いは、複数回使用されるものとして設計されてもよい。しかしいずれの場合であっても、器具は少なくとも1度の使用の後に再利用のために状態を整えられ得る。状態の整えは、器具の解体、およびそれに続く特定の部品の洗浄または取換、並びにその後の再組み立てなどの工程の何らかの組み合わせを含んでよい。特に、器具は解体され得、器具の特定の部品または部材のいずれもが任意の組み合わせで選択的に取り換えられ得、または取り除かれ得る。特定の部材の洗浄および/または取換を終えると、状態を整えるための施設において、または手術の手順の直前に手術を行うチームによって、続けて利用すべく器具は再組み立てされ得る。当業者であれば、器具の状態整えにおいては、解体、洗浄/取換、および再組み立ての様々な技術を用い得ることを理解されよう。そのような技術の利用、および結果として生じる状態整えされた器具は全て、本願発明の範囲に含まれる。
[項目1]
近位端と、遠位端と、内部ルーメンと、少なくとも1つの出口ポートとを有する細長ボディと、
前記内部ルーメンを流れる流体を加熱する、前記内部ルーメン内で延在する少なくとも1つのワイヤと、
前記内部ルーメン内に配置される少なくとも1つのスペーサと、
を備え、
前記内部ルーメンは前記細長ボディ内で延在し、
前記少なくとも1つの出口ポートは、前記細長ボディを囲む組織へ前記流体を供給するよう前記細長ボディに形成され、
前記少なくとも1つのワイヤは、前記少なくとも1つのスペーサが前記少なくとも1つのワイヤの隣接部分と前記内部ルーメンとの幾何学的関係を実質的に一定に維持するよう前記少なくとも1つのスペーサ内を延伸する、アブレーション器具。
[項目2]
前記少なくとも1つの出口ポートに隣接して前記細長ボディの長さに沿って配置されたアブレーション要素であり、前記細長ボディが組織に挿入されると前記アブレーション要素を囲む組織を加熱する前記アブレーション要素をさらに備える、項目1に記載のアブレーション器具。
[項目3]
前記少なくとも1つのワイヤ、および前記少なくとも1つのスペーサは、前記アブレーション要素より近位側に位置付けされる、項目2に記載のアブレーション器具。
[項目4]
前記少なくとも1つのスペーサは、前記少なくとも1つのワイヤの遠位部の近位端に位置付けられた第1スペーサと、前記少なくとも1つのワイヤの前記遠位部の遠位端に位置付けられた第2スペーサとを有する、項目1または2に記載のアブレーション器具。
[項目5]
前記第1スペーサと前記第2スペーサとは、およそ5mmの距離を置いて互いに離れて位置付けられる、項目4に記載のアブレーション器具。
[項目6]
前記少なくとも1つのスペーサは円盤状部材を有し、
前記少なくとも1つのワイヤは、前記少なくとも1つのスペーサの第1穴および第2穴内を延伸する第1ワイヤおよび第2ワイヤを有する、項目1から5のいずれか1項に記載のアブレーション器具。
[項目7]
前記少なくとも1つのスペーサは、前記少なくとも1つのワイヤが前記内部ルーメンに接触するのを防ぐ、項目1から6のいずれか1項に記載のアブレーション器具。
[項目8]
前記少なくとも1つのスペーサは、前記内部ルーメン内で半径方向に動けるよう前記内部ルーメンの直径未満の最大外径を有する、項目1から7のいずれか1項に記載のアブレーション器具。
[項目9]
前記少なくとも1つのスペーサは、前記内部ルーメン内で半径方向に動けないよう前記内部ルーメンの直径に等しい最大外径を有する、項目1から7のいずれか1項に記載のアブレーション器具。
[項目10]
前記第1スペーサと前記第2スペーサとの間で延在する前記少なくとも1つのワイヤの一部は、前記内部ルーメンを流れる流体を加熱する、項目4または5に記載のアブレーション器具。
[項目11]
前記第1スペーサと前記第2スペーサとは、およそ2mmの距離を置いて互いに離れて位置付けられる、項目10に記載のアブレーション器具。
[項目12]
前記少なくとも1つのワイヤは前記少なくとも1つのスペーサより近位側において絶縁されている、項目1から11のいずれか1項に記載のアブレーション器具。
[項目13]
前記内部ルーメンは、前記少なくとも1つのワイヤが前記細長ボディの内壁に接触するのを防ぐよう絶縁層で裏打ちされている、項目1から12のいずれか1項に記載のアブレーション器具。
[項目14]
前記少なくとも1つのスペーサは、前記少なくとも1つのワイヤを前記細長ボディの長手軸と実質的に同軸となる位置に維持する、項目1から13のいずれか1項に記載のアブレーション器具。
[項目15]
前記少なくとも1つのスペーサは、前記少なくとも1つのワイヤに形成された少なくとも1つの突起を有する、項目1に記載のアブレーション器具。
[項目16]
前記少なくとも1つのスペーサより遠位側で前記内部ルーメン内に配置された、前記内部ルーメンを流れる前記流体の温度を測定する少なくとも1つの温度センサをさらに備える、項目1から15のいずれか1項に記載のアブレーション器具。
[項目17]
前記少なくとも1つスペーサより近位側で前記内部ルーメンに配置された、前記内部ルーメンを流れる前記流体の温度を測定する第2温度センサをさらに備える、項目16に記載のアブレーション器具。
[項目18]
前記少なくとも1つの温度センサは熱電対である、項目16または17に記載のアブレーション器具。
[項目19]
前記少なくとも1つの温度センサは、およそ10mmの距離だけ前記少なくとも1つのスペーサから離されている、項目16から18のいずれか1項に記載のアブレーション器具。
[項目20]
前記少なくとも1つの温度センサは、およそ2mmの距離だけ前記少なくとも1つのスペーサから離されている、項目16から18のいずれか1項に記載のアブレーション器具。
[項目21]
組織塊へ細長ボディを挿入する工程と、
前記細長ボディの内部ルーメンを通じて、前記細長ボディの少なくとも1つの出口ポートから前記組織塊へ流体を供給する工程と、
前記内部ルーメン内で延在する少なくとも1つのワイヤを通じてエネルギーを供給し、前記内部ルーメン内の流体を所定の温度まで加熱する工程と、
を備える、組織をアブレーションする方法。
[項目22]
前記少なくとも1つのワイヤを通じてエネルギーを供給する工程は、前記内部ルーメン内で延在する2以上のワイヤ間でエネルギーを伝達させる工程を有する、項目21に記載の方法。
[項目23]
前記少なくとも1つのワイヤを通じてエネルギーを供給する工程は、1以上のワイヤと前記細長ボディとの間でエネルギーを伝達させる工程を有する、項目21に記載の方法。
[項目24]
前記少なくとも1つのワイヤを通じてエネルギーを供給する工程は、1以上のワイヤと、前記細長ボディ内に収容される導電性管との間でエネルギーを伝達させる工程を有する、項目21に記載の方法。
[項目25]
前記少なくとも1つの出口ポートに隣接して位置付けられた少なくとも1つのアブレーション要素から前記組織塊へエネルギーを供給する工程をさらに備える、項目21から24のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[項目26]
少なくとも1つのスペーサ内を延伸する少なくとも1つのワイヤを有する第1加熱アセンブリを第1細長ボディ内に位置付けて、第1アブレーション器具を形成する工程と、
少なくとも1つのスペーサ内を延伸する少なくとも1つのワイヤを有する第2加熱アセンブリを第2細長ボディ内に位置付けて、第2アブレーション器具を形成する工程と、
を備え、
前記第1加熱アセンブリの電気抵抗は、前記第2加熱アセンブリの電気抵抗と実質的に等しい、複数のアブレーション器具を製造する方法。
[項目27]
近位端と、遠位端と、内部ルーメンと、少なくとも1つの出口ポートとを有する細長ボディと、
前記内部ルーメンを流れる流体を加熱する、前記内部ルーメン内で延在する少なくとも2つのワイヤを有する加熱アセンブリと、
前記内部ルーメン内に配置される少なくとも1つのスペーサと、
を備え、
前記内部ルーメンは前記細長ボディ内で延在し、
前記少なくとも1つの出口ポートは、前記細長ボディを囲む組織へ前記流体を供給するよう前記細長ボディに形成され、
前記少なくとも1つのスペーサが前記少なくとも2つのワイヤの互いの幾何学的関係を実質的に一定に維持するよう、前記少なくとも2つのワイヤは前記少なくとも1つのスペーサ内を延伸する、アブレーション器具。
[項目28]
前記少なくとも1つの出口ポートに隣接して前記細長ボディの長さに沿って配置されたアブレーション要素であり、前記細長ボディが組織に挿入されると前記アブレーション要素を囲む組織を加熱する前記アブレーション要素をさらに備える、項目27に記載のアブレーション器具。
Claims (22)
- アブレーション器具の動作方法であって、
制御器がポンプを制御して、細長ボディの内部ルーメンを介して流体を供給する段階であり、前記流体は、前記細長ボディ内の少なくとも1つの出口ポートを介して流れる、段階と、
前記制御器が、前記内部ルーメン内の前記流体を予め定められた温度に加熱するよう、前記内部ルーメンを通って延在する少なくとも1つのワイヤを介してエネルギーを供給する段階と、
を備え、前記アブレーション器具は、前記内部ルーメン内に配置された少なくとも1つのスペーサを含み、前記ワイヤは、前記少なくとも1つのスペーサの近位で絶縁される、動作方法。 - アブレーション器具の動作方法であって、
制御器がポンプを制御して、細長ボディの内部ルーメンを介して流体を供給する段階であり、前記流体は、前記細長ボディ内の少なくとも1つの出口ポートを介して流れる、段階と、
前記制御器が、前記内部ルーメン内の前記流体を予め定められた温度に加熱するよう、前記内部ルーメンを通って延在する少なくとも1つのワイヤを介してエネルギーを供給する段階と、
を備え、前記内部ルーメンは、絶縁層で裏打ちされて、前記ワイヤが前記細長ボディの内壁に接触するのを防止する、動作方法。 - アブレーション器具の動作方法であって、
制御器がポンプを制御して、細長ボディの内部ルーメンを介して流体を供給する段階であり、前記流体は、前記細長ボディ内の少なくとも1つの出口ポートを介して流れる、段階と、
前記制御器が、前記内部ルーメン内の前記流体を予め定められた温度に加熱するよう、前記内部ルーメンを通って延在する少なくとも1つのワイヤを介してエネルギーを供給する段階と、
を備え、前記アブレーション器具は、前記内部ルーメン内に配置された少なくとも1つのスペーサを含み、前記少なくとも1つのスペーサは、前記ワイヤ上に形成された少なくとも1つの突起を含む、動作方法。 - 前記内部ルーメンを介して延在する前記少なくとも1つのワイヤは、少なくとも1つのスペーサを通って延在する、請求項2に記載の動作方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのワイヤを介して供給される前記エネルギーは、前記内部ルーメンを通って延在する2又はそれより多くのワイヤの間で伝達される、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の動作方法。
- 前記内部ルーメンを通って延在する前記2又はそれより多くのワイヤは、少なくとも1つのスペーサを通って延在し、前記少なくとも1つのスペーサは、前記2又はそれより多くのワイヤの互いの幾何学的関係を実質的に一定に維持する、請求項5に記載の動作方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのワイヤを介して供給される前記エネルギーは、1又は複数のワイヤと前記細長ボディとの間で伝達される、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の動作方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのワイヤを介して供給される前記エネルギーは、1又は複数のワイヤと前記細長ボディ内に収容された導電性管との間で伝達される、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の動作方法。
- 前記制御器が、前記少なくとも1つの出口ポートに隣接して配置された少なくとも1つのアブレーション要素の外側にエネルギーを供給する段階をさらに備える、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の動作方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのスペーサは、前記少なくとも1つのワイヤの隣接部分の前記内部ルーメンとの幾何学的関係を実質的に一定に維持する、請求項1、3、及び4のいずれか一項に記載の動作方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのスペーサは、前記少なくとも1つのワイヤが前記細長ボディと接触するのを防止する、請求項10に記載の動作方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのスペーサ及び前記少なくとも1つのワイヤは、前記少なくとも1つの出口ポートの近位に配置される、請求項10に記載の動作方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのスペーサは、前記少なくとも1つのワイヤの遠位部の近位端に配置された第1のスペーサと、前記少なくとも1つのワイヤの前記遠位部の遠位端に配置された第2のスペーサとを有する、請求項10に記載の動作方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのワイヤを介して供給される前記エネルギーは、前記内部ルーメンを通って流れる前記流体を加熱するよう、前記第1のスペーサと前記第2のスペーサとの間に延在する前記少なくとも1つのワイヤの露出部分を介して前記内部ルーメンを通って流れる前記流体に供給される、請求項13に記載の動作方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのワイヤ及び前記少なくとも1つのスペーサは、前記少なくとも1つの出口ポートの近位に配置される、請求項10に記載の動作方法。
- 前記制御器が、前記内部ルーメン内に配置された少なくとも1つの温度センサを用いて、前記内部ルーメンを通って流れる前記流体の温度を計測する段階をさらに備える、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の動作方法。
- 前記制御器が、前記流体の前記温度に基づいて、前記内部ルーメン内を流れる前記流体の前記加熱を制御する段階をさらに備える、請求項16に記載の動作方法。
- 前記制御器が前記少なくとも1つのワイヤを介してエネルギーを供給する段階は、さらに、前記制御器が第1の電源から前記少なくとも1つのワイヤにエネルギーを供給する段階と、前記制御器が第2の電源から前記細長ボディのアブレーション要素にエネルギーを供給する段階を含む、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の動作方法。
- 前記第1の電源及び前記第2の電源は、互いから独立に動作される、請求項18に記載の動作方法。
- 前記第1の電源及び前記第2の電源は、互いから電気的に隔離される、請求項18に記載の動作方法。
- 前記アブレーション要素に供給される前記エネルギーは、前記アブレーション要素と集電極との間で伝達される、請求項18に記載の動作方法。
- 前記制御器がポンプを制御して前記内部ルーメンを介して流体を供給する段階は、さらに、前記制御器が電気制御に従ってポンプを動作する段階を含み、前記制御器が前記少なくとも1つのワイヤを介してエネルギーを供給する段階は、さらに、前記制御器が電気制御に従って前記アブレーション器具を動作する段階を含む、請求項1から21のいずれか一項に記載の動作方法。
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