JP6725705B2 - 電極、二次電池、電池パック及び車両 - Google Patents
電極、二次電池、電池パック及び車両 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6725705B2 JP6725705B2 JP2018566455A JP2018566455A JP6725705B2 JP 6725705 B2 JP6725705 B2 JP 6725705B2 JP 2018566455 A JP2018566455 A JP 2018566455A JP 2018566455 A JP2018566455 A JP 2018566455A JP 6725705 B2 JP6725705 B2 JP 6725705B2
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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Description
第1の実施形態によれば、正極活物質粒子と、高分子繊維と、無機固体粒子とを含む、正極が提供される。高分子繊維の平均繊維径は1nm以上100nm以下である。
(第2の実施形態)
第2の実施形態の二次電池は、正極、負極及び電解質を含む。正極には、第1の実施形態の正極を使用し得る。また、二次電池は、正極、負極及び電解質等を収容する外装部材を備えていても良い。二次電池において、正極と負極の間に電解質含有層を配置しても良い。
1)電解質
電解質は、例えば、液状電解質、ゲル状電解質、固体電解質、複合電解質が挙げられる。
2)負極
この負極は、負極集電体と、集電体の少なくとも一方の主面、すなわち片面もしくは両面に担持される負極活物質含有層とを含む。負極活物質含有層は、活物質を含み、導電剤および結着剤をさらに含むことができる。
正極と負極の間に電解質含有層を配置しても良い。電解質含有層は、正極と負極を電気的に絶縁し、かつイオン伝導性を有するものである。電解質含有層の例に、複合電解質層、液状又はゲル状電解質を保持したセパレータが含まれる。電解質含有層に、複合電解質層及びセパレータの双方を使用しても良い。
外装部材としては、ラミネートフィルム製容器や、金属製容器などが挙げられる。容器の形状は二次電池の形態に応じたものにし得る。
(第3の実施形態)
第3の実施形態の組電池は、第2の実施形態の二次電池を複数含む。
(第4の実施形態)
第4の実施形態に係る電池パックは、第2の実施形態に係る二次電池(単電池)を1個又は複数個具備することができる。複数の二次電池は、電気的に直列、並列、又は直列及び並列を組み合わせて接続され、組電池を構成することもできる。第4の実施形態に係る電池パックは、複数の組電池を含んでいてもよい。
(第5の実施形態)
第5の実施形態の車両は、第2の実施形態の二次電池を1又は2以上含むか、あるいは第3の実施形態の組電池又は第4の実施形態の電池パックを含む。
第6の実施形態によれば、活物質粒子と、高分子繊維と、無機固体粒子とを含む、電極が提供される。高分子繊維の平均繊維径は1nm以上100nm以下である。すなわち、第1の実施形態は、正極に適用されているが、負極に適用しても良い。あるいは正極及び負極の双方に、第1の実施形態を適用しても良い。
正極活物質粒子として、平均二次粒子径5μmのLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2二次粒子を用意した。正極活物質粒子89.5重量%に、無機固体粉末として、平均一次粒子径0.4μmのLi1.3Al0.3Zr1.7(PO4)3粒子を2重量%と、平均繊維径10nmのセルロースナノファイバー0.5重量%と、導電剤として黒鉛粉末を5重量%と、結着剤としてPVdFを3重量%配合した。これらをn−メチルピロリドン(NMP)溶媒に分散してスラリーを調製した後、厚さ15μmのアルミニウム合金箔(純度99%)に両面塗布し、乾燥し、プレス工程を経て、電極密度3.1g/cm3の正極を作製した。
正極活物質、負極活物質、無機固体粒子の組成と含有量、高分子繊維の平均繊維径と含有量を下記表1,2に示す通りとし、正極活物質含有層の組成を表3,4に示す通りとし、かつ実施例12の正極活物質の平均二次粒子径を10μm、実施例13の正極活物質の平均二次粒子径を5μm、実施例14〜19の負極活物質の平均二次粒子径を8μm及び平均一次粒子径を0.6μmとすること以外は、実施例1で説明したのと同様にして二次電池を作製した。
実施例1で説明したのと同様にして電極群を作製し、この電極群を実施例1で説明したのと同様な薄型の金属缶に収納した。
電解質含有層前駆体の代わりに、厚さが20μmのセルロース繊維製不織布からなるセパレータを用いた。正極及び負極を、正極活物質含有層と負極活物質含有層の間にセパレータが位置するように積層して扁平の渦巻状に捲回して電極群を作製し、この電極群を実施例1で説明したのと同様な薄型の金属缶に収納した。
正極活物質として平均二次粒子径5μmのLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2二次粒子を92重量%と、導電剤として黒鉛粉末を5重量%と、結着剤としてPVdFを3重量%とを、n−メチルピロリドン(NMP)溶媒に分散してスラリーを調製した。得られたスラリーを、厚さ15μmのアルミニウム合金箔(純度99%)の両面に塗布し、乾燥し、プレス工程を経て、電極密度3.1g/cm3の正極を作製した。
(実施例31〜40および比較例11〜16)
正極活物質の組成、負極活物質の組成、無機固体粒子の組成、負極活物質含有層中の無機固体粒子の含有量、高分子繊維の平均繊維径、負極活物質含有層中の高分子繊維の含有量、負極活物質含有層における負極活物質、導電剤及び結着剤の含有量を下記表7〜9に示す通りとすること以外は、実施例30で説明したのと同様にして二次電池を作製した。
実施例1の正極と実施例30の負極とを組み合わせて実施例1で説明したのと同様にして二次電池を作製した。
実施例30で説明したのと同様にして電極群を作製し、この電極群を実施例1で説明したのと同様な薄型の金属缶に収納した。
電解質含有層前駆体の代わりに、厚さが20μmのセルロース繊維製不織布からなるセパレータを用いた。正極及び負極を、正極活物質含有層と負極活物質含有層の間にセパレータが位置するように積層して扁平の渦巻状に捲回して電極群を作製し、この電極群を実施例30で説明したのと同様な薄型の金属缶に収納した。
実施例30と実施例42を比較することにより、ゲル状電解質の代わりに液状電解質を含む実施例42は、実施例30と同等のサイクル寿命性能を有し、放電レート性能及び低温放電性能が実施例30よりも優れていることがわかる。また、実施例30と実施例43を比較することにより、複合電解質層を含む実施例30は、複合電解質層の代わりにセパレータを含む実施例43に比して、サイクル寿命性能、放電レート性能及び低温放電性能に優れていることがわかる。また、実施例41の結果から、正極及び負極の双方が平均繊維径が1nm以上100nm以下の高分子繊維と無機固体粒子とを含有すると、サイクル寿命性能、放電レート性能及び低温放電性能の全てが良好であることがわかる。
[1]
正極活物質粒子と、
平均繊維径が1nm以上100nm以下の高分子繊維と、
無機固体粒子とを含む正極活物質含有層を含む、正極。
[2]
前記高分子繊維は、セルロース繊維を含む、[1]に記載の正極。
[3]
前記無機固体粒子は、Al2O3、TiO2,ZrO2及びリン酸化合物よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種を含む、[1]または[2]のいずれかに記載の正極。
[4]
前記リン酸化合物は、NASICON型構造を有し、かつLi1+yAlxM2―x(PO4)3(Mは、Ti,Ge,Sr、Sn、Zr及びCaよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素であり、0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1)で表される、[3]に記載の正極。
[5]
前記正極活物質含有層中の前記高分子繊維の含有量が0.2重量%以上5重量%以下で、前記正極活物質含有層中の前記無機固体粒子の含有量が0.5重量%以上10重量%以下である、[1]〜[4]のいずれかに記載の正極。
[6]
[1]〜[5]のいずれかに記載の正極と、
負極と、
電解質とを含む、二次電池。
[7]
前記負極がチタン含有酸化物を含む、[6]に記載の二次電池。
[8]
前記チタン含有酸化物は、スピネル構造のリチウムチタン酸化物、単斜晶系チタン酸化物及びニオブチタン酸化物よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種を含む、[7]に記載の二次電池。
[9]
[6]〜[8]のいずれかに記載の二次電池を一つまたは二以上含む、電池パック。
[10]
通電用の外部端子と、
保護回路とをさらに含む[9]に記載の電池パック。
[11]
前記二次電池を二以上具備し、前記二以上の二次電池が、直列、並列、又は直列及び並列を組み合わせて電気的に接続されている、[9]または[10]に記載の電池パック。
[12]
[9]〜[11]のいずれかに記載の電池パックを搭載した車両。
[13]
前記車両の運動エネルギーを回生エネルギーに変換する機構を含む、[12]に記載の車両。
[14] 活物質粒子と、
平均繊維径が1nm以上100nm以下の高分子繊維と、
無機固体粒子とを含む活物質含有層を含む、電極。
[15] 前記高分子繊維は、セルロース繊維を含む、[14]に記載の電極。
[16] 前記無機固体粒子は、Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 ,ZrO 2 及びリン酸化合物よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種を含む、[14]または[15]のいずれかに記載の電極。
[17] 前記リン酸化合物は、NASICON型構造を有し、かつLi 1+y Al x M 2―x (PO 4 ) 3 (Mは、Ti,Ge,Sr、Sn、Zr及びCaよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素であり、0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1)で表される、[16]に記載の電極。
[18] 前記活物質含有層中の前記高分子繊維の含有量が0.2重量%以上5重量%以下で、前記活物質含有層中の前記無機固体粒子の含有量が0.5重量%以上10重量%以下である、[14]〜[17]のいずれかに記載の電極。
[19] 前記電極は正極である、[14]〜[18]のいずれかに記載の電極。
[20] 正極と、
負極と、
電解質とを含み、
前記正極及び前記負極のうち少なくとも一方は、[14]〜[18]のいずれかに記載の電極である、二次電池。
[21] 前記負極がチタン含有酸化物を含む、[20]に記載の二次電池。
[22] 前記チタン含有酸化物は、スピネル構造のリチウムチタン酸化物、単斜晶系チタン酸化物及びニオブチタン酸化物よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種を含む、[21]に記載の二次電池。
[23] [20]〜[22]のいずれかに記載の二次電池を一つまたは二以上含む、電池パック。
[24] 通電用の外部端子と、
保護回路とをさらに含む[23]に記載の電池パック。
[25] 前記二次電池を二以上具備し、前記二以上の二次電池が、直列、並列、又は直列及び並列を組み合わせて電気的に接続されている、[23]または[24]に記載の電池パック。
[26] [23]〜[25]のいずれかに記載の電池パックを搭載した車両。
[27] 前記車両の運動エネルギーを回生エネルギーに変換する機構を含む、[26]に記載の車両。
Claims (11)
- 活物質粒子と、
平均繊維径が1nm以上100nm以下のセルロース繊維を含む高分子繊維と、
無機固体粒子とを含む活物質含有層を含み、
前記無機固体粒子は、Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 ,ZrO 2 及びリン酸化合物よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種を含み、前記リン酸化合物は、NASICON型構造を有し、かつLi 1+y Al x M 2―x (PO 4 ) 3 (Mは、Ti,Ge,Sr、Sn、Zr及びCaよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素であり、0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1)で表される、電極。 - 前記活物質含有層中の前記高分子繊維の含有量が0.2重量%以上5重量%以下で、前記活物質含有層中の前記無機固体粒子の含有量が0.5重量%以上10重量%以下である、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記電極は正極である、請求項1〜2のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 正極と、
負極と、
電解質とを含み、
前記正極及び前記負極のうち少なくとも一方は、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の電極である、二次電池。 - 前記負極がチタン含有酸化物を含む、請求項4に記載の二次電池。
- 前記チタン含有酸化物は、スピネル構造のリチウムチタン酸化物、単斜晶系チタン酸化物及びニオブチタン酸化物よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種を含む、請求項5に記載の二次電池。
- 請求項4〜6のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池を一つまたは二以上含む、電池パック。
- 通電用の外部端子と、
保護回路とをさらに含む請求項7に記載の電池パック。 - 前記二次電池を二以上具備し、前記二以上の二次電池が、直列、並列、又は直列及び並列を組み合わせて電気的に接続されている、請求項7または8に記載の電池パック。
- 請求項7〜9のいずれか1項に記載の電池パックを搭載した車両。
- 前記車両の運動エネルギーを回生エネルギーに変換する機構を含む、請求項10に記載の車両。
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